Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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1000-grain weight and tiller number per plant (Das and Taliaferro, 2009), the number of filledgrains per panicle (Wu et al., 2008) and harvest index (Sured et al., 1998).However, morphological characters influencing yield are often highly inter-correlated, leading tomulti-collinearity when the inter-correlated variables are regressed against yield in a multipleregressionequation.In this study, based on multi-factor orthogonal field experimental design, an attempt was made tostudy the direct and indirect influences of some important yield components on seed yield in P.juncea via correlation, path coefficient and ridge regression analyses with big sample sizes undervarious growing conditions (field managements).Materials and MethodsUsing 5 groups of multi-factor orthogonal field experimental designed blocks, the fieldexperiment was set up in Jiuquan (39°37′N, 98°30′E), Gansu Province, China from 2002 to2003. In total 112 experimental blocks with an area of 28 m 2 were sown in spring (Table 1). Seedyield was recorded in autumn 2002 and averaged 165kg ha -1 .According to the orthogonal experimental designs, yearly repeated, under various fieldmanagements, conditions from controlled environments, including regimes of fertilizer(experimental factor: X1, X3, and X4), irrigation system (experimental factor: X2), plant density(experimental factor: X5) and plant growth regulators (experimental factor: X6) (Table 1). Ineach block was measured the yield components: Fertile tillers/m2 (y1), spikelets/fertile tillers(y2), florets/spikelet (y3), seed numbers/spikelet (y4), seed weight (mg) (y5). Seed yield(kg/hm 2 ) (z) was determined by hand in field, randomly based on order, from anthesis to seedharvest in year 2003. The sample size of y1~y5 and z for field experimental block in P. junceaare 10, 36, 27, 54, 10 and 4, respectively. Seed weight was measured from 100-grains at amoisture content of 7~10. Seed yield was measured from hand-harvesting a subsample of 1 m 2 .The statistical analysis was performed using Visio FoxPro (Version 6.0) and SAS (Release 8.1,SAS Institute Inc, 1988 (Table 2). Based on Pearson Correlation Analyzed by SAS (Table 3), aQBASIC program was written for path coefficient analysis (Table 4). Furthermore, via SAS,ridge regression analysis was performed on seed yield (z) and its components (y1~y5).ResultsThe results show that in P. juncea seed yield is significantly correlated with yield components y1(0.749***), y2 (0.159*) and y5 (0.231*). The order of correlation coefficients is:y1>y5>y2>y3>y4 (table 3). The order of direct effects of yield components (y1~y5) on seedyield is y1>y5>y3>y2>y4 (Table 4) by path coefficient analysis, the biggest direct effects to seedyield are the yield component y1 (0.774) and, the biggest indirect effects to seed yield are y3225
through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1 is the most productive on the seed yield in the componentsfollowed by the y 5 and y 3 .In ridge regression analysis, although the optimal value of k cannot be determined with certainty,several procedures have been proposed for the selection of k ( Hoerl and Kennard 1970 a, b)have suggested that k is determined from the ridge trace, with k selected so that a stable set ofregression coefficients was obtained (Newell and Lee, 1981). In this study, according to the ridgetrace, for various values of k, with the values of k estimated as 0.5, using the method of Hoerland Kennard (1970a, b), the standard ridge regression models are lined in the figures. Theresulting ridge regression coefficients are -892.63, 2.19, 4.61, 15.46, 3.20 and 263.96 forintercept, y1, y2, y3, y4 and y5 respectively. Following the ridge regression models is: Z=-892.63+2.19y 1 +4.61y 2 +15.46y 3 +3.20y 4 +263.96y 5 (F=33.11, Pr0, that means increasing any one of the yieldcomponent (y1~y5) will increase seed yield, in accordance with biological theory. In the result ofthe ridge regression model, increasing every 1 unit of yield components (y1~y5), respectivelywill increase seed yield (Z) by 2.19, 4.61, 15.46, 3.20, 263.96 kg/hm2, respectively; Thecomponent y2 may develop in a oversaturated situation or from reasons of climate; Bycomparisons, it is in average 90.2 spikelets/fertile tillers in this study, whereas P. juncea in thesecond year of growth the spikelets/fertile tillers (y2) are 20~36, 27.5~34.5 and 53.6~60.2 inXinjiang Weiwuer Autonomous Region (44°31′N, 87°5′E), northwest of China (Zhang etal,2002), in Yuershan Farm(41°44′N, 140°16′E), Hebei province, east of China (Mao etal,2000), and in Pulandian Farm in Dalian city (39°47′N, 121°54′E), Liaoning province,northeast of China (Fang et al, 2001),, respectively. So, it is needed to clarify the dynamic effectof weather factors such as temperature, rainfall and hours of sunshine, etc. on yield componentsof Psathyrostaehys juncea Nevski. in the period of the grass deveploment. However, the order ofthe yield components: y1>y5>y2>y3>y4 of correlation and y1>y5>y3>y2>y4 of pathcoefficients, imply that y1 and y5 is most important yield components for improving seed yield,and y4 the least.226
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
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Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
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Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
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Rather near the meteorological stat
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ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
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Table 1. Average distances required
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Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 63 and 64:
Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 65 and 66:
Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
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Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
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Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
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Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
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The five spectral reflectance measu
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Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
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Larger than expected harvest losses
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Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
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Optical sensors have the potential
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Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
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Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
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In 2010, France has launched the fo
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Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
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Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
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Stresses associated with germinatio
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correspond to electrical conductivi
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applied later in the fall was more
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Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
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The seed vigour testing was perform
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Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106:
Reliability of salinity screening L
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AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
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Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
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The seeds were collected from the A
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increases germination to its potent
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Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
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Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
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Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
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The seed set is of major importance
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In grass species with poor seed ret
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support system to optimize fungicid
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weather stations in grass seed fiel
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ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
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Seed yield variation in a red clove
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100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
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Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
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Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
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Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
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Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
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The strip design provides an opport
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The pot experiments did not reveale
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CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
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Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
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Effects of intraspecific competitio
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flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
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The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
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Seed yield components and yield per
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ResultsVariation among populations
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Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
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Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
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Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
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Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
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Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
Page 185 and 186: Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
Page 187 and 188: Harvesting too soon after peak flow
Page 189 and 190: Annual ryegrass seed production in
Page 191 and 192: seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
Page 193 and 194: ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
Page 195 and 196: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
Page 197 and 198: urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
Page 199 and 200: Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202: Development of new tetraploid Chlor
Page 203 and 204: Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
Page 205 and 206: Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
Page 207 and 208: KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
Page 209 and 210: Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
Page 211 and 212: and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
Page 213 and 214: Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
Page 215 and 216: Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
Page 217 and 218: inflorescece number and seed yield
Page 219 and 220: Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
Page 221 and 222: Effect of sowing density on seed yi
Page 223 and 224: y-products of this grass seed crop
Page 225 and 226: Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
Page 227 and 228: Further culm length measurements ga
Page 229 and 230: chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
Page 231 and 232: Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
Page 233 and 234: Organization of grass seed research
Page 235: Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
Page 239 and 240: Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
Page 241 and 242: Relative humidity, seed moisture co
Page 243 and 244: Ergovaline contents in grasses from
Page 245 and 246: 11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
Page 247 and 248: ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
Page 249 and 250: Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
Page 251 and 252: seed yield. All systems of establis
Page 253 and 254: Preliminary results after four year
Page 255 and 256: Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
Page 257 and 258: Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
Page 259 and 260: Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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