Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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Effect of row spacing and plant growth regulators on the alfalfa seed yieldP.S. Mao 1 , Y. Sun 1 , X.X. Wei 1 , X.G. Wang 1 , Q.C. Yang 21 Forage <strong>Seed</strong> Lab, China Agricultural University, Beijing 1001932 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193 ChinaE-mail: maopeisheng@hotmail.comAbstractThe trials were conducted for comparing the seed yield components and seed yield to utilize rowspacing and plant growth regulators in the fields of alfalfa cv Zhongmu 2. The results showed thatalfalfa seed yield increased with the row spacing from 30cm to 90 cm, but were similar between90cm and 120cm. As the concentration increased, ethephon and paclobutrazol significantly improvedthe inflorescences per square metre, and increased seed yield, especially at the highest treatmentconcentration. For NAA, there were no significantly differences for alfalfa seed yield amongdifferent concentration levels.IntroductionAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a important forage crop in China, especially in the semiarid croppingregion of north-western China. In this region the climate is suitable for alfalfa seed production withlow humidity and moderate air temperature. Many studies have been conducted on the effects ofthinning and between-row spacing on alfalfa seed yield at multiple locations. Recommendedbetween-row spacings in these studies were quite different and varied from 20 to 91 cm (Askarian etal., 1995; Zhang et al., 2008). Plant growth regulators have opened new prospects for increased seedproduction in grasses and legumes (Lorenzetti, 1993).Materials and MethodsAlfalfa (M. sativa cv Zhongmu 2) was planted in western Inner Mongolia in April 2008. Differenttreatments were designed with row spacing (30cm, 60cm, 90cm, 120cm) and plant growth regulators(ethephon, paclobutrazol and naphthicetic acid) in the fields. Ethephon concentration was 0(CK), 0.5,1.0, 1.5, 2.0 kg/ha; paclobutrazol concentration was 0(CK), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 kg/ha; and naphthiceticacid (NAA) concentration was 0(CK), 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 kg/ha. Different plant growth regulatorswere sprayed on the leaves of alfalfa growing in 60cm raw space during the early flowering and peakflowering. Yield components and seed yield were measured during seed development.Results and DiscussionWith the row spacing enlarged, the inflorences per square metre increased, and there weren‟tsignificant difference between 90 and 120 cm row spacing. Ovule number per floret at 90cm spacingwas highest, and seed yield increased with the row spacing from 30 to 120 cm, but was similarbetween 90cm and 120cm. With increased concentration of ethephon and paclobutrazol, the205
inflorescece number and seed yield were improved, but there weren‟t significantly different for floretand ovule number. For NAA, 0.02 and 0.04 kg/ha treatments achieved the higher inflorescencenumber and seed yield, but there weren‟t significantly different with CK. It could be suggested thatthere are different roles on the yield components for ethephon, paclobutrazol and NAA, andunderstanding the key factors will be helpful for alfalfa seed production in the western China.ReferencesAskarian, M., Hampton, J.G. & Hill, M.J. (1995). Effect of row spacing and sowing rate on seedproduction of lucerne cv. Grasslands Oranga. N. Z. J. Agric. Res. 38:289–295.Lorenzetti, F. (1993). Achieving potential herbage seed yields in species of temperate regions. p. 1621–1628. In Baker, M.J. (ed.) Proc. of the 17th Int. Grassl. Congr., Wellington, NZ. 8–21 Feb.Zhang, T.J., Wang, X.G, Han, J.G., Wang, Y.W., Mao, P.S. & Majerus, M. (2008). Efects ofBetween-Row and Within-Row Spacing on Alfalfa <strong>Seed</strong> Yields. Crop Sci., 48:794–803206
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
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Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
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Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
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Rather near the meteorological stat
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ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
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Table 1. Average distances required
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Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
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Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
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Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
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Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
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Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
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Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
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The five spectral reflectance measu
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Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
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Larger than expected harvest losses
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Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
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Optical sensors have the potential
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Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
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Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
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In 2010, France has launched the fo
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Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
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Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
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Stresses associated with germinatio
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correspond to electrical conductivi
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applied later in the fall was more
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Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
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The seed vigour testing was perform
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Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
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Reliability of salinity screening L
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AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
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Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
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The seeds were collected from the A
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increases germination to its potent
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Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
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Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
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Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
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The seed set is of major importance
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In grass species with poor seed ret
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support system to optimize fungicid
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weather stations in grass seed fiel
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ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
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Seed yield variation in a red clove
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100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
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Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
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Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
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Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
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Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
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The strip design provides an opport
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The pot experiments did not reveale
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CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
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Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
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Effects of intraspecific competitio
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flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
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The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
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Seed yield components and yield per
Page 165 and 166: ResultsVariation among populations
Page 167 and 168: Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
Page 169 and 170: Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
Page 171 and 172: Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
Page 173 and 174: Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
Page 175 and 176: population. However, in spite of th
Page 177 and 178: Corvallis where they were debearded
Page 179 and 180: Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
Page 181 and 182: Variations on potential and harvest
Page 183 and 184: Determination of optimum desiccatio
Page 185 and 186: Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
Page 187 and 188: Harvesting too soon after peak flow
Page 189 and 190: Annual ryegrass seed production in
Page 191 and 192: seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
Page 193 and 194: ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
Page 195 and 196: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
Page 197 and 198: urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
Page 199 and 200: Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202: Development of new tetraploid Chlor
Page 203 and 204: Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
Page 205 and 206: Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
Page 207 and 208: KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
Page 209 and 210: Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
Page 211 and 212: and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
Page 213 and 214: Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
Page 215: Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
Page 219 and 220: Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
Page 221 and 222: Effect of sowing density on seed yi
Page 223 and 224: y-products of this grass seed crop
Page 225 and 226: Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
Page 227 and 228: Further culm length measurements ga
Page 229 and 230: chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
Page 231 and 232: Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
Page 233 and 234: Organization of grass seed research
Page 235 and 236: Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
Page 237 and 238: through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
Page 239 and 240: Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
Page 241 and 242: Relative humidity, seed moisture co
Page 243 and 244: Ergovaline contents in grasses from
Page 245 and 246: 11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
Page 247 and 248: ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
Page 249 and 250: Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
Page 251 and 252: seed yield. All systems of establis
Page 253 and 254: Preliminary results after four year
Page 255 and 256: Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
Page 257 and 258: Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
Page 259 and 260: Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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