Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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Possibilities for use of new herbicides in selected grass species grown for seedin Czech RepublicR. MacháčOSEVA development and research Ltd. Grassland Research Station at Zubří, Hamerska 698, 756 54Zubří,E-mail: machac@oseva.czAbstractIn small plot field trials conducted for three years the selectivity of some herbicides in selectedgrass species was studied. In the trials basic and double doses of herbicides were tested.Evaluations were made of potential phytotoxicity of herbicides in the grass species and theirinfluence on number of fertile tillers, total seed yield, thousand seed weight, germination,germination energy and number of seed per fertile tiller. Based on trials Arrat (tritosulfuron 250g kg -1 + dicamba 500 g ha -1 ) applied at 0.2 kg ha -1 and Aurora super SG (carfentrazone-ethyl 1.5% + MCPP-P 60 %) at 1 kg ha -1 have been allowed for minor use in seed crops of perennialryegrass, red fescue, cocksfoot, timothy, Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) and loloid as well asfestucoid type of the festulolium. Arrat has been allowed for minor use also in meadow fescue.Husar (iodosulfuron 50 g kg -1 + mefenpyr-diethyl 150 g kg -1 ) applied at 200 g ha -1 shown goodselectivity in KGB and cocksfoot but when it was applied in double dose the seed yield declined.In both types of the festulolium and timothy it is possible use the Callisto 480 SC (mesotrione480 g ha -1 ). However, Callisto caused small chlorosis after application, mainly in loloid type offestulolium. Arkem (metsulfuron 200 g ha -1 ) at 30 g ha -1 applied in TM with CZ-600 (MCPP-P600 g ha -1 , 1.5 l ha -1 ) shown good selectivity in KBG, cocksfoot and timothy. Nevertheless,Arkem applied in double dose evoked the symptoms of phytotoxicity and decreased the seedyield of cocksfoot.Key words: grasses, herbicide, selectivity, seed yieldIntroductionGrass seed crops are minor but important part of Czech agribusiness. High ratio of grass seed isexported and improves the balance of agro trade. However, grass seed yield falls behind theaverage yields of European Union. One of the causes is non-recognition of seed crops as a resultof high weed infestation or non-recognition of harvested seeds due to contamination byuncleanable weed seed. The present assortment of herbicides registered in the Czech Republicfor use in grass seed crops is poor and do not include the herbicides for control of changing weedspectrum. Czech grass seed producers need new and more effective herbicides.Materials and MethodsTests of herbicide selectivity were conducted in small plot trials at Grassland Research Station atZubri (North-east Moravia, 360 m a.s.l., cambisol soil, average air temperature 7.5 o C,precipitation 864 mm). The trials were conducted with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)cv. Olaf, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) cv. Roznovska, red fescue (F. rubra L.) cv.195
KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowfescuered fescueperennialryegrassTagera, timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cv. Sobol, loloid type of Festulolium cv. Lofa, festucoidtype of Festulolium cv. Hykor, cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) cv. Dana and Kentuckybluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cv. Slezanka. The plot size was 10 m2. Test plots were situated torandomized complete block design. For each herbicide the base dose (2 times) and double dose(2 times) were tested. The herbicides and doses applied are given in Table 1.All treatments were performed with wheelbarrow sprayer driven by compressed air (Lurmark01F80 nozzles, a pressure 0.25 MPa, spraying volume 300 l ha -1 ) in GS 25-29 (mid to end oftillering). The standard treatment (MCPA + clopyralid + fluroxypyr) was used for comparison(control). Fertilizers application: autumn 45 kg N, 20 kg P 2 O 5 and 60 kg K 2 O per ha, spring –only nitrogen at dose depending on grass species 70-100 kg ha -1 . The field trials were establishedin 2005 and for 3 years (2006-8) the selectivity of selected herbicides were evaluated (visualcrop damage assessment). The trials were combined directly with plot combine WintersteigerElite. Harvested seed was dried and subsequently cleaned by laboratory cleaner Westrup for seedyield determination. <strong>Seed</strong> quality (TSW, germination) and number of seed per fertile tiller wereanalyzed in the lab of GRS Zubri. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey‟s post hoctest on significance level 95 % (Statistica 8.0).Table 1 Herbicides, active substances, doses and tested grass speciesHerbicideactive ingredientbasicdoseg a.i.per haArrattritosulfuron50+ dicamba100x x x x x x x xAurora super carfentrazone–ethyl 15+MCPP-P600x x x x x x x xArkem metsulfuron-methyl 6+ CZ 600 + mecoprop-P900x x x x x x - -Callisto 480 SC mesotrione 144 - - x x x x - -Husariodosulfuron3+ mefenpyr-diethyl 30x x - - - - - -x herbicides was applied in the grass speciesResults and discussionArratThe field trials shown a good selectivity of Arrat (tritosulfuron + dicamba) in both doses (baseand double) on all tested grass species. However, slight symptoms of damage crops wererecorded on both types of Festulolium (growth retardation, chlorosis) and perennial ryegrass(chlorosis). If the base dose was tested the seed yields of all grasses were comparable or higherto standard treatment. Nevertheless, if the double doses was used the seed yields of some species(cocksfoot, Festulolium, red fescue) were significantly lower compared to control. Relative seedyield tested grass species treated by base dose (1x) and double dose (2x) of herbicide Arrat isshown in figure 1 (control = 100 %). Based on trials the Arrat in dose 0.2 kg ha -1 has beenallowed for minor use in seed crops of each grass species under study.196
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
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Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
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Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
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Rather near the meteorological stat
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ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
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Table 1. Average distances required
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Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
Page 61 and 62:
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 63 and 64:
Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 65 and 66:
Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
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Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
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Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
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Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
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The five spectral reflectance measu
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Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
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Larger than expected harvest losses
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Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
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Optical sensors have the potential
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Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
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Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
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In 2010, France has launched the fo
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Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
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Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
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Stresses associated with germinatio
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correspond to electrical conductivi
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applied later in the fall was more
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Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
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The seed vigour testing was perform
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Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
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Reliability of salinity screening L
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AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
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Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
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The seeds were collected from the A
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increases germination to its potent
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Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
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Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
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Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
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The seed set is of major importance
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In grass species with poor seed ret
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support system to optimize fungicid
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weather stations in grass seed fiel
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ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
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Seed yield variation in a red clove
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100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
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Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
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Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
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Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
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Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
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The strip design provides an opport
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The pot experiments did not reveale
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CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
Page 155 and 156: Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
Page 157 and 158: Effects of intraspecific competitio
Page 159 and 160: flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
Page 161 and 162: The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
Page 163 and 164: Seed yield components and yield per
Page 165 and 166: ResultsVariation among populations
Page 167 and 168: Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
Page 169 and 170: Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
Page 171 and 172: Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
Page 173 and 174: Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
Page 175 and 176: population. However, in spite of th
Page 177 and 178: Corvallis where they were debearded
Page 179 and 180: Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
Page 181 and 182: Variations on potential and harvest
Page 183 and 184: Determination of optimum desiccatio
Page 185 and 186: Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
Page 187 and 188: Harvesting too soon after peak flow
Page 189 and 190: Annual ryegrass seed production in
Page 191 and 192: seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
Page 193 and 194: ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
Page 195 and 196: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
Page 197 and 198: urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
Page 199 and 200: Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202: Development of new tetraploid Chlor
Page 203 and 204: Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
Page 205: Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
Page 209 and 210: Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
Page 211 and 212: and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
Page 213 and 214: Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
Page 215 and 216: Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
Page 217 and 218: inflorescece number and seed yield
Page 219 and 220: Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
Page 221 and 222: Effect of sowing density on seed yi
Page 223 and 224: y-products of this grass seed crop
Page 225 and 226: Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
Page 227 and 228: Further culm length measurements ga
Page 229 and 230: chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
Page 231 and 232: Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
Page 233 and 234: Organization of grass seed research
Page 235 and 236: Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
Page 237 and 238: through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
Page 239 and 240: Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
Page 241 and 242: Relative humidity, seed moisture co
Page 243 and 244: Ergovaline contents in grasses from
Page 245 and 246: 11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
Page 247 and 248: ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
Page 249 and 250: Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
Page 251 and 252: seed yield. All systems of establis
Page 253 and 254: Preliminary results after four year
Page 255 and 256: Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
Page 257 and 258:
Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
Page 259 and 260:
Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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