Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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Materials and MethodsThe Kentucky bluegrass accessions used came from the previous work of Nelson (1996),Johnston et al. (1997), Johnston, W.J. & Johnson, R.C. (2000), and Johnson et al. (2003). EightPI accessions possessing good turfgrass quality and seed yield under mechanical residue removalwere further evaluated in a space-plant nursery at Pullman, WA for two years (Johnson et al.,2010) to identify, within each accession, the plant with the most panicles area -1 , the plant withthe highest number of seeds panicle -1 , the plant with the highest seed weight, and the plant withthe highest seed yield. A fifth category was seed from the original USDA/ARS population foreach accession. This resulted in 50 entries (10 accessions x five selection criteria) used in thisstudy. Turfgrass and seed production trials were established at the Washington State University(WSU) Turfgrass and Agronomy Research Center (TARC) at Pullman, WA. The soil was aPalouse silt loam (Pachic Ultic Haploxerolls, fine silty, mixed mesic).The turfgrass evaluation trial was planted September 2006. Each experimental unit was 2.25 m 2and was seeded at 11 g m -2 . The experiment was a randomized complete-block (RCB) designwith three replications. Turfgrass quality ratings were based on National Turfgrass EvaluationProgram (NTEP) protocol with a 1 to 9 scale, where 1 represented brown or dead turf and 9represented ideal turfgrass quality. Two seed production plots were established in the summer of2007 at the TARC. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two irrigation environments, irrigatedand non-irrigated, and subplots consisted of the 50 entries with three replications. Eachexperimental unit was 2.1 x 1.8 m and consisted of seven rows spaced 30.5 cm apart (irrigated)and five rows planted on 35.5-cm-row spacing (non-irrigated). Seed production plots wereharvested using a sickle-bar mower, residue put into cloth bags, and air dried. Panicles werethreshed using a small-plot combine, hammermilled, and cleaned. Clean seed weight for eachexperimental unit was recorded. Analysis of variance was completed using SAS and means wereseparated with least significant differences (LSD) for all parameter with Fisher‟s Protected LSD(P = 0.05), or using LS Means comparisons (P = 0.05) (SAS Institute, 1990).Results and DiscussionSince Kentucky bluegrass is a facultative apomictic species (Huff, D.R. & Bara, J.M., 1993),with the apomictic aspect dominating reproduction, uniformity is promoted from one generationto the next within a given genotype. However, the facultative component of Kentucky bluegrassreproduction allows for some genetic recombination (Huff, D.R. & Bara, J.M., 1993) and theintrogression of new genes, albeit at a relatively low frequency. We have observed variation inplant type and seed yield within accessions (Johnson et al., 2003), suggesting there is a potentialfor seed yield improvement by selecting within accessions (Johnson et al., 2010).From 2007 to 2009, the prior selection methodology (Johnson et al., 2010) was evaluated todetermine how to improve seed yield and turfgrass quality in Kentucky bluegrass. In 2009, nonirrigatedand irrigated seed production plots planted in 2007 were harvested for the second year(2009 data presented). Turfgrass trials were evaluated for the third year (2009 data presented).In 2009, as in 2008, the selection for yield components had a variable response and appeared tobe dependent on accession. Overall, there was an increase in seed yield due to irrigation;however, regardless of non-irrigated or irrigated seed production, accession PI 368241 continuedto show promise of being able to provide good turfgrass quality and good seed yield under non-185
urn residue management (Fig. 1 and 2). Under non-irrigated seed production, selection withinKenblue for seed head -1 had good seed yield and turfgrass quality (Fig. 1). It is critical to tofollow these studies for several additional harvests to determine if a non-burn Kentuckybluegrass can be developed for sustainable grass seed production in the Pacific Northwest.Figure 4. Kentucky bluegrass non-irrigated seed yield vs. turfgrass quality (rated 1-9;9 = excellent quality) at Pullman, WA, 2009.Figure 2. Kentucky bluegrass irrigated seed yield vs. turfgrass quality (rated 1-9; 9 = excellentquality) at Pullman, WA, 2009.186
Page 1 and 2:
Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
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Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
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Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
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Rather near the meteorological stat
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ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
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Table 1. Average distances required
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Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
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Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
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Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
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Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
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Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
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Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
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The five spectral reflectance measu
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Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
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Larger than expected harvest losses
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Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
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Optical sensors have the potential
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Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
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Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
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In 2010, France has launched the fo
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Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
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Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
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Stresses associated with germinatio
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correspond to electrical conductivi
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applied later in the fall was more
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Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
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The seed vigour testing was perform
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Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
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Reliability of salinity screening L
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AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
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Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
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The seeds were collected from the A
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increases germination to its potent
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Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
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Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
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Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
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The seed set is of major importance
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In grass species with poor seed ret
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support system to optimize fungicid
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weather stations in grass seed fiel
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ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
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Seed yield variation in a red clove
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100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
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Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
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Crimson clover seed production in t
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Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
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deal of investigation into the caus
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genes and subsequent ability to pro
Page 145 and 146: Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
Page 147 and 148: Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
Page 149 and 150: The strip design provides an opport
Page 151 and 152: The pot experiments did not reveale
Page 153 and 154: CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
Page 155 and 156: Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
Page 157 and 158: Effects of intraspecific competitio
Page 159 and 160: flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
Page 161 and 162: The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
Page 163 and 164: Seed yield components and yield per
Page 165 and 166: ResultsVariation among populations
Page 167 and 168: Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
Page 169 and 170: Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
Page 171 and 172: Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
Page 173 and 174: Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
Page 175 and 176: population. However, in spite of th
Page 177 and 178: Corvallis where they were debearded
Page 179 and 180: Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
Page 181 and 182: Variations on potential and harvest
Page 183 and 184: Determination of optimum desiccatio
Page 185 and 186: Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
Page 187 and 188: Harvesting too soon after peak flow
Page 189 and 190: Annual ryegrass seed production in
Page 191 and 192: seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
Page 193 and 194: ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
Page 195: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
Page 199 and 200: Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202: Development of new tetraploid Chlor
Page 203 and 204: Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
Page 205 and 206: Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
Page 207 and 208: KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
Page 209 and 210: Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
Page 211 and 212: and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
Page 213 and 214: Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
Page 215 and 216: Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
Page 217 and 218: inflorescece number and seed yield
Page 219 and 220: Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
Page 221 and 222: Effect of sowing density on seed yi
Page 223 and 224: y-products of this grass seed crop
Page 225 and 226: Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
Page 227 and 228: Further culm length measurements ga
Page 229 and 230: chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
Page 231 and 232: Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
Page 233 and 234: Organization of grass seed research
Page 235 and 236: Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
Page 237 and 238: through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
Page 239 and 240: Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
Page 241 and 242: Relative humidity, seed moisture co
Page 243 and 244: Ergovaline contents in grasses from
Page 245 and 246: 11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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