Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group
Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group
A primary study on seed dormancy mechanism and breaking technique ofLeymus chinensisX.Q.He, X.W.Hu&Y.R.WangCollege of Pastoral and Agricultural Science and TechnologyLanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaE-mail: yrwang@lzu.edu.cnAbstractLeymus chinensis, commonly known as alkali-grass, is an ecologically and economicallyimportant fodder grass due to its high nutritional value, palatability, high-yield and hightolerance of drought, salinity and low fertility (Huang et al., 2002). It mainly was found in theeastern region of the Eurasian steppes, the northern and eastern parts of the People‟s Republic ofMongolia. In China, it is mainly distributed in the Northeast China Plain, the Northern ChinaPlain, and the Inner Mongolia Plateau of China (Zhang et al., 2007). Seed dormancy ofL.chinensis is one of the most important factors limiting its culture and utilization. The presentstudy investigated the seed dormancy mechanism and dormancy breaking technique ofL.chinensis and the results showed that: Piercing naked seed compared with intact seed thegermination rate, water absorption rate, viability by contrast, 6%, 63%, 0% significantlyincreased to 60%, 86%, 94%;Water soaking one day , 30% NaOH soaking 80min, soaking in30% NaOH for 60 min after soaking with water for one day could increase germination rate ofL.chinensis intact seeds significantly from 6% to 36%, 60%, 84%, while the differentconcentration of gibberellin treatment to intact seeds had no significant changes compared withthe control; Seeds soaked with 30% NaOH by 60 min after soaked with water one day, and thenimposed 200 µg/g GA 3 , could germinate to 91%, close to the seed viability 94%. This studyshowed that glume and seed coat did not affect seed imbibition, but affected absorption ofmacromolecular substances such as GA 3 , and also some germination inhibitors leakage whichled to seed dormancy. These results implied that palea, seed coat, and germination inhibitorscontained in the seeds may play an important role in controlling seed dormancy of L. chinensis.ReferencesHuang,Z.H,Zhu,J.M.,et al.( 2002).Advances on the mechanism of low sexual reproductivity ofLeymus chinensis.Grassland of China, 24: 55-60.Zhang,Z.Wang,S.P.,et al.(2007).Responses of Artemisia frigida Willd.(Compositae) and Leymuschinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.(Poaceae) to sheep saliva. Journal of Arid Environments, 70 (1) : 111-119.183
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) germplasm for non-burn seedproductionW.J. Johnston 1 , R.C. Johnson 2 , C.T. Golob 1 , K.L. Dodson 1 & G.K. Stahnke 11 Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420wjohnston@wsu.edu; cgolob@wsu.edu; outsidehikers@yahoo.ca; stahnke@wsu.edu2 USDA/ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA99164-6402; rcjohnson@wsu.eduAbstractThis long-term study consists of 10 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) entries; eight areUSDA/ARS Plant Introduction (PI) accessions and two are commercial cultivars („Kenblue‟ and„Midnight‟). The selected PI accessions had expressed high seed yield without burning of postharvestresidue and good turfgrass quality. Several agronomic yield parameters were thenevaluated over a 2-yr period and individual plants were selected within each accession, or check,with the highest seed weight, highest seeds panicle -1 , highest panicles area -1 , and highest seedyield. Remnant seed of the original USDA/ARS population were also included. Turfgrass plotswere established in 2006 and seed production plots (irrigated and non-irrigated) in 2007 atPullman, WA. The turfgrass trial was evaluated monthly (2007 to 2009) according to NTEP(National Turfgrass Evaluation Program) protocol to determine turfgrass quality. In 2008 and2009, seed production plots were harvested and seed yield was determined. Only 2009 resultswill be presented. The prior selection for seed yield components had a variable response andseed yield appeared to be dependent primarily on accession. Accession PI 368241 showed thebest promise of being able to provide good turfgrass quality and good seed yield under non-burnmanagement in both non-irrigated and irrigated production. Selection within Kenblue for seedhead -1 had good turfgrass quality and seed yield under non-irrigated production. These studieswill be followed for several additional harvests to determine if a non-burn Kentucky bluegrasscan be developed for sustainable grass seed production in the Pacific Northwest, USA.IntroductionBurning of Kentucky bluegrass seed production fields in the fall normally maximizes seed yieldthe following year. Open-field burning of post-harvest residue also allows seed fields to remainin production for many years (Canode, C.L. & Law, A.G., 1979). With the regulation of fieldburning in Washington, burning has become highly restricted (< 20 ha burned in 2009) andgrowers have been forced to utilize shorter rotations. Our work and others has shown thatgenetic variation in Kentucky bluegrass to improve grass seed production without burning(baling of post-harvest residue) does exist (Lamb, P.F. & Murray, G.A., 1999; Johnson et al.,2003). To sustain grass seed production at economically viable levels, new bluegrass germplasmthat maximizes yield potential for several years in non-burn management systems needs to beidentified, selections made, germplasm enhancement carried out, and ultimately high seedyielding bluegrass cultivars capable of multiple harvests with good turfgrass quality be madeavailable to growers.184
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A primary study on seed dormancy mechanism and breaking technique ofLeymus chinensisX.Q.He, X.W.Hu&Y.R.WangCollege of Pastoral and Agricultural Science and TechnologyLanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaE-mail: yrwang@lzu.edu.cnAbstractLeymus chinensis, commonly known as alkali-grass, is an ecologically and economicallyimportant fodder grass due to its high nutritional value, palatability, high-yield and hightolerance of drought, salinity and low fertility (Huang et al., 2002). It mainly was found in theeastern region of the Eurasian steppes, the northern and eastern parts of the People‟s Republic ofMongolia. In China, it is mainly distributed in the Northeast China Plain, the Northern ChinaPlain, and the Inner Mongolia Plateau of China (Zhang et al., 2007). <strong>Seed</strong> dormancy ofL.chinensis is one of the most important factors limiting its culture and utilization. The presentstudy investigated the seed dormancy mechanism and dormancy breaking technique ofL.chinensis and the results showed that: Piercing naked seed compared with intact seed thegermination rate, water absorption rate, viability by contrast, 6%, 63%, 0% significantlyincreased to 60%, 86%, 94%;Water soaking one day , 30% NaOH soaking 80min, soaking in30% NaOH for 60 min after soaking with water for one day could increase germination rate ofL.chinensis intact seeds significantly from 6% to 36%, 60%, 84%, while the differentconcentration of gibberellin treatment to intact seeds had no significant changes compared withthe control; <strong>Seed</strong>s soaked with 30% NaOH by 60 min after soaked with water one day, and thenimposed 200 µg/g GA 3 , could germinate to 91%, close to the seed viability 94%. This studyshowed that glume and seed coat did not affect seed imbibition, but affected absorption ofmacromolecular substances such as GA 3 , and also some germination inhibitors leakage whichled to seed dormancy. These results implied that palea, seed coat, and germination inhibitorscontained in the seeds may play an important role in controlling seed dormancy of L. chinensis.ReferencesHuang,Z.H,Zhu,J.M.,et al.( 2002).Advances on the mechanism of low sexual reproductivity ofLeymus chinensis.Grassland of China, 24: 55-60.Zhang,Z.Wang,S.P.,et al.(2007).Responses of Artemisia frigida Willd.(Compositae) and Leymuschinensis(Trin.)Tzvel.(Poaceae) to sheep saliva. Journal of Arid Environments, 70 (1) : 111-119.183
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