Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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production and landscape architecture (Talamucci, 1998). <strong>Seed</strong> is often obtained as a secondaryproduct from stands established to produce forage. Usually seed is harvested from second-yearcrops and from selected areas where more vigorous plants and fewer weeds are found (Stringi &Amato, 1998). Very little information is available on seed yield capacity in the first year of thecrop cycle and on the influence of agronomical techniques on the reproductive process. Thepresent study aimed to evaluate the effect of intraspecific competition on dry matteraccumulation (both in epigeic organs and in taproots) and seed production in the first year of thecrop cycle for two contrasting genotypes.Materials and MethodsTwo field trials were carried out during the 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 growing seasons in aMediterranean environment (37°30‟N – 13°31‟E; 178 m a.s.l., Sicily, Italy) on a deep, wellstructuredsoil classified as a Vertic Haploxerert. The treatments were as follows: 1) genotype:Gangi and Resuttano; and 2) intraspecific competition realized by means of two plant densities:100 and 600 plants/m 2 . The two landraces, both originating from inside Sicily, differed in termsof productivity (aboveground biomass and seed) in the first year of the cycle and regrowthcapacity after the summer stasis (Amato et al., 2007). The experiment was set up as a split-plotdesign with four replications, with genotype as the main plots and intraspecific competition assub-plots. Sub-plots were 7.0 × 4.5 m (18 rows, 0.25 m apart and 7 m long). Before sowing, 69kg P 2 O 5 ha –1 was applied. Plots were hand-sown on 7 January 2004 and 10 January 2005. Sullawas seeded at double rate (200 and 1200 seeds/m 2 , respectively for 100 and 600 plants/m 2 ) andhand-thinned 20 days after emergence to obtain the desired plant densities. All plots were handweeded.Within each sub-plot three 1.25 × 0.75 m areas were randomly chosen for destructiveplant samplings at the beginning of flowering (which was similar for the two landraces; i.e., inthe first days of May), after 30 days (which coincided with the end of flowering for Gangi, thelast to stop flowering), and at maturity. At each stage, number of plants, plant height, totalaboveground biomass, botanical fractions (leaves, stems, and racemes), and taproot biomass(layer 0–20 cm) were recorded. At the beginning of flowering, leaf area was measured with a LI-COR 3100C leaf area meter on a 50-g subsample of leaves per plot. In the remaining plot area,seed yield and seed yield components were recorded at maturity. Analysis of variance on thecombined 2-year data set was performed according to the experimental design. Data analysis wasperformed using SAS version 9.1 (SAS Institute, 2004). Year was treated as a random factor,whereas all other factors were treated as fixed.Results and DiscussionIn both growing seasons, at the beginning of flowering low plant density was ~90 plants m -2 ,whereas for high plant density the number of plants per unit area was half of that fixed (~300plants/m 2 ). Plant density did not further vary by treatment until maturity. At the beginning of147
flowering, Gangi accumulated a higher average aboveground biomass than Resuttano (+25%;Table 1). However, Resuttano produced a leafier forage (leaf:stem ratio, 8.1 vs. 1.5) and had asimilar leaf area index. The two landraces also differed considerably in terms of taproot drymatter accumulation, which was more than double in Resuttano than in Gangi. The increase inplant density led to an increase in both leaf area index and biomass yield (both above and belowground) irrespective of genotype. During the flowering period, both landraces showed a dramaticincrease in total biomass, but in Gangi the increase was mainly due to an increase inaboveground biomass (from 6.50 to 10.26 t DM ha -1 ), whereas in Resuttano most of the increaseoccurred in taproots (from 1.35 to 7.11 t DM ha -1 ). At the end of the flowering stage, the averageconcentration of taproot water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) was slightly greater for Gangi thanfor Resuttano (149 vs. 138 g kg -1 DM, respectively), but because of the much greater taproot drymatter production, Resuttano had about a 5-fold greater amount of WSC than Gangi.148
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
Page 35 and 36:
Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
Page 47 and 48:
Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
Page 49 and 50:
Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
Page 51 and 52:
Rather near the meteorological stat
Page 53 and 54:
ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
Page 57 and 58:
Table 1. Average distances required
Page 59 and 60:
Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
Page 61 and 62:
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 63 and 64:
Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 65 and 66:
Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
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Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
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Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
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Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
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The five spectral reflectance measu
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Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
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Larger than expected harvest losses
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Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
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Optical sensors have the potential
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Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
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Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
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In 2010, France has launched the fo
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Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
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Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94:
Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96:
correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98:
applied later in the fall was more
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102:
The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104:
Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106:
Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113 and 114: increases germination to its potent
Page 115 and 116: Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
Page 117 and 118: Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120: Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
Page 121 and 122: The seed set is of major importance
Page 123 and 124: In grass species with poor seed ret
Page 125 and 126: support system to optimize fungicid
Page 127 and 128: weather stations in grass seed fiel
Page 129 and 130: ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
Page 131 and 132: Seed yield variation in a red clove
Page 133 and 134: 100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
Page 135 and 136: Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
Page 137 and 138: Crimson clover seed production in t
Page 139 and 140: Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
Page 141 and 142: deal of investigation into the caus
Page 143 and 144: genes and subsequent ability to pro
Page 145 and 146: Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
Page 147 and 148: Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
Page 149 and 150: The strip design provides an opport
Page 151 and 152: The pot experiments did not reveale
Page 153 and 154: CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
Page 155 and 156: Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
Page 157: Effects of intraspecific competitio
Page 161 and 162: The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
Page 163 and 164: Seed yield components and yield per
Page 165 and 166: ResultsVariation among populations
Page 167 and 168: Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
Page 169 and 170: Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
Page 171 and 172: Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
Page 173 and 174: Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
Page 175 and 176: population. However, in spite of th
Page 177 and 178: Corvallis where they were debearded
Page 179 and 180: Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
Page 181 and 182: Variations on potential and harvest
Page 183 and 184: Determination of optimum desiccatio
Page 185 and 186: Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
Page 187 and 188: Harvesting too soon after peak flow
Page 189 and 190: Annual ryegrass seed production in
Page 191 and 192: seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
Page 193 and 194: ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
Page 195 and 196: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
Page 197 and 198: urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
Page 199 and 200: Comparing herbicide selectivity in
Page 201 and 202: Development of new tetraploid Chlor
Page 203 and 204: Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
Page 205 and 206: Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
Page 207 and 208: KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
Page 255 and 256:
Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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