Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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Saha, M.C., C.A. Young & A.A. Hopkins. 2009. Genetic variation within and among wildrye(Elymus canadensis and E. virginicus) populations from the southern great plains. Crop Sci.49:913.Sampson, K. 1933. The systemic infection of grasses by Epichloë typhina (pers.) tul.Transactions of the British Mycological Society 18:30-47.Schardl, C.L., A. Leuchtmann, H.-F. Tsai, M.A. Collett, D.M. Watt & D.B. Scott. 1994. Originof a fungal symbiont of perennial ryegrass by interspecific hybridization of a mutualist withthe ryegrass choke pathogen, Epichloë typhina. Genetics 136:1307-1317.Siegel, M.R., G.C.M. Latch, L.P. Bush, F.F. Fannin, D.D. Rowan, B.A. Tapper, C.W. Bacon &M.C. Johnson. 1990. Fungal endophyte-infected grasses: Alkaloid accumulation and aphidresponse. J. Chem. Ecol. 16:3301-3315.Spiering, M.J., C.D. Moon, H.H. Wilkinson & C.L. Schardl. 2005. Gene clusters for insecticidalloline alkaloids in the grass-endophytic fungus Neotyphodium uncinatum. Genetics169:1403-1414.Spiering, M.J., H.H. Wilkinson, J.D. Blankenship & C.L. Schardl. 2002a. Expressed sequencetags and genes associated with loline alkaloid expression by the fungal endophyteNeotyphodium uncinatum. Fungal Genet. Biol. 36:242-254.Spiering, M.J., E. Davies, B.A. Tapper, J. Schmid & G.A. Lane. 2002b. Simplified extraction ofergovaline and peramine for analysis of tissue distribution in endophyte-infected grasstillers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:5856-5862.Tanaka, A., B.A. Tapper, A. Popay, E.J. Parker & B. Scott. 2005. A symbiosis expressed nonribosomalpeptide synthetase from a mutualistic fungal endophyte of perennial ryegrassconfers protection to the symbiotum from insect herbivory. Mol. Microbiol. 57:1036-1050.Tsai, H.-F., J.-S. Liu, C. Staben, M.J. Christensen, G.C.M. Latch, M.R. Siegel & C.L. Schardl.1994. Evolutionary diversification of fungal endophytes of tall fescue grass by hybridizationwith Epichloë species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:2542-2546.Wang, J., C. Machado, D.G. Panaccione, H.-. Tsai and C.L. Schardl. 2004. The determinant stepin ergot alkaloid biosynthesis by an endophyte of perennial ryegrass. Fungal Genetics &Biology 41:189-198.Young, C.A., B.A. Tapper, K. May, C.D. Moon, C.L. Schardl & B. Scott. 2009. Indole-diterpenebiosynthetic capability of epichloë endophytes as predicted by ltm gene analysis. Appl.Environ. Microbiol. 75:2200-2211.Young, C.A., M.K. Bryant, M.J. Christensen, B.A. Tapper, G.T. Bryan & B. Scott. 2005.Molecular cloning and genetic analysis of a symbiosis-expressed gene cluster for lolitrembiosynthesis from a mutualistic endophyte of perennial ryegrass. Mol. Genet. Genomics274:13-29.Young, C.A., S. Felitti, K. Shields, G. Spangenberg, R.D. Johnson, G.T. Bryan, S. Saikia & B.Scott. 2006. A complex gene cluster for indole-diterpene biosynthesis in the grass endophyteNeotyphodium lolii. Fungal Genet. Biol. 43:679-693.135
Control of Vulpia myuros in red fescueS.K. Mathiassen, P. Kudsk & K.E. HenriksenAarhus University, Department of Integrated Pest ManagementDK-4200 Slagelse, DenmarkSolvejg.mathiassen@agrsci.dkAbstractThe efficacy on Vulpia myuros of more than 20 herbicides was examined in pot experiments. V.myuros was tolerant to most herbicides and the selectivity in red fescue of effective herbicideswas marginal. In field experiments iodosulfuron + mesosulfuron (Atlantis WG) improved theefficacy compared to pendimethalin (Stomp) alone but the effect was temporary and did notprovide a satisfactory control lasting until seed harvest.IntroductionVulpia myuros is a winter annual grass weed which has been reported as a weed problem inAustralia, the USA, the Netherlands and Denmark. In Denmark it was first reported as a weedproblem in red fescue in the late 1990s. Since then, the infested area has expanded rapidly, andtoday it can be found in all winter annual crops. V. myuros is not competitive in a dense crop, butit establishes in bare spots of the field from where it infests the area. It can cause considerableyield losses due to crop competition, but in red fescue the impact on seed quality is moreimportant.Materials and methodsPot experimentsSeeds of V. myuros and red fescue were sown in 2-L pots filled with a potting mixture of soil,sand and peat. The pots were placed in a glasshouse and were sub-irrigated with deionised water.After emergence the number of plants per pot was reduced to a pre-set number.Herbicide application was carried out at different growth stages from pre-emergence to the 3- to 4-leaf stage. Effective herbicides were subsequently tested for selectivity in red fescue. All spraysolutions were prepared in deionised water and applied using a laboratory pot sprayer. The plantswere harvested 3 weeks after spraying, and foliage fresh and dry weights were recorded.Field experimentsField experiments were carried out at Research Centre Flakkebjerg. V. myuros and red fescuewere established in separate strips in monoculture and in a mixture. The species were undersownin winter wheat or spring barley. Herbicide applications were carried out across the strips at 5136
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
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Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
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Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
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Rather near the meteorological stat
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ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
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Table 1. Average distances required
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Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
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Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
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Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
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Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
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Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
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Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
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The five spectral reflectance measu
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Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
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Larger than expected harvest losses
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Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
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Optical sensors have the potential
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Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
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Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
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In 2010, France has launched the fo
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Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
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Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
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Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98: applied later in the fall was more
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102: The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113 and 114: increases germination to its potent
Page 115 and 116: Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
Page 117 and 118: Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120: Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
Page 121 and 122: The seed set is of major importance
Page 123 and 124: In grass species with poor seed ret
Page 125 and 126: support system to optimize fungicid
Page 127 and 128: weather stations in grass seed fiel
Page 129 and 130: ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
Page 131 and 132: Seed yield variation in a red clove
Page 133 and 134: 100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
Page 135 and 136: Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
Page 137 and 138: Crimson clover seed production in t
Page 139 and 140: Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
Page 141 and 142: deal of investigation into the caus
Page 143 and 144: genes and subsequent ability to pro
Page 145: Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
Page 149 and 150: The strip design provides an opport
Page 151 and 152: The pot experiments did not reveale
Page 153 and 154: CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
Page 155 and 156: Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
Page 157 and 158: Effects of intraspecific competitio
Page 159 and 160: flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
Page 161 and 162: The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
Page 163 and 164: Seed yield components and yield per
Page 165 and 166: ResultsVariation among populations
Page 167 and 168: Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
Page 169 and 170: Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
Page 171 and 172: Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
Page 173 and 174: Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
Page 175 and 176: population. However, in spite of th
Page 177 and 178: Corvallis where they were debearded
Page 179 and 180: Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
Page 181 and 182: Variations on potential and harvest
Page 183 and 184: Determination of optimum desiccatio
Page 185 and 186: Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
Page 187 and 188: Harvesting too soon after peak flow
Page 189 and 190: Annual ryegrass seed production in
Page 191 and 192: seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
Page 193 and 194: ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
Page 195 and 196: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
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urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
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Comparing herbicide selectivity in
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Development of new tetraploid Chlor
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Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
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Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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