Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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Seed weight (mg seed -1 )1,11,081,061,041,0210,980,960,940,920 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Lodging at harvestFigure 1. The effect of lodging at harvest on seed weight in red fescue 2007 (▲) and 2008 (•).The number of reproductive tillers and FSU were not influenced by treatments and varied onlyslightly between years. The average number of reproductive tillers was 3830 and 3644 m -2 in2007 and 2008 respectively. FSU was high in both years with 79,3% and 78,2% in 2007 and2008 respectively.Seed yield was 1743 kg ha -1 in 2007 in average of all treatments whereas yield was significantlyhigher in 2008 with 2642 kg ha -1 . In both years application of Trinexapac-ethyl influenced seedyield positively.DiscussionIt is generally recognized that variance in seed yield are best explained by the number of seed perunit area (Hampton & Hebbletwaite, 1983). Often yield components are negatively correlatedand a high number of reproductive tillers leads to less and/or smaller seeds on each individualtiller. This assumption is however often based on limited registrations of weight and number ofseeds per reproductive tiller or based on glasshouse experiments. Our experiment shows thatseed weight is increased by 14,9% when lodging at harvest is reduced from 71 to 11 in redfescue without having any concomitant effect on other yield components such as reproductivetiller number density and FSU. The increase in seed weight was followed by a higher seed yield.111
In grass species with poor seed retention, major losses may occur if the crop does not lodge atmaturity to an extent where it prevents seed shattering from wind or rain. Further seed loss in theharvesting process may be substantial and in some cases, the harvested seed may even fail tomeet certification standards in terms of physical purity and germination ability. The variation ofseed size and maturity level both within and among the inflorescences is considered a key factordetermining seed loss before and during harvest as well as in the post-harvest managementprocesses of drying and cleaning. During seed cleaning, the saleable seed is separated fromimpurities, weed seeds, empty seeds etc. on the basis of seed size, shape and gravity. Variation inseed size leads to losses in the separation process where physical impurities and weed seeds areseparated from the saleable seed. Therefore a seed crop more uniform in seed maturity level andseed weight will realize a higher proportion of the potential seed yield and in addition it often hasa higher seed quality.ReferencesAnslow R.C. 1964. Seed formation in perennial ryegrass. II Maturation of seed. Journal of theBritish Grassland Society 19:349-357.Boelt B. 1999. The effect of tiller size in autumn on the percentage of reproductive tillers inamenity types of Poa Pratensis L., Festuca rubra L. and Lolium perenne L. In M. Falcinelliand Rosellini D., ed. Proceedings from the Fourth International Herbage Seed ConferencePerugia, Italy May 23-27, 1999.Colvill K.E., Marshall C. 1984. Tiller dynamics and assimilate partitioning in Lolium perennewith particular reference to flowering. Ann. Appl. Biol. 104:543-557.Elgersma A. 1991. Floret site utilisation in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Applied SeedProduction 9:38-44.Hampton J.G., Hebblethwaite P.D. 1983. Yield components of the perennial ryegrass (Loliumperenne L.) seed crop. Journal of Applied Seed Production 1:23-25.Meijer W.J.M. 1987. The influence of winter wheat cover crop management on first-year Poapratensis L. and Festuca rubra L. seed crops. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Sciences35:529-532.Ryle G.J.A. 1964. The influence of date of origin of the shoot and level of nitrogen on ear size inthree perennial grasses. Ann. Appl. Biol. 53:311-323.Yamada T., Jones E.S., Cogan N.O.I., Vecchies A.C., Nomura T., Hisano H., Shimamoto Y.,Smith K.F., Hayward M.D., Forster J.W. 2004. QTL Analysis of morphological,developmental, and winter hardiness-associated traits in perennial ryegrass. Crop Sci. 44:925-935.Warringa J.W., Visser R. De, Kreuzer A.D.H. 1998. Seed Weight in Lolium perenne as Affectedby Interactions among Seeds within the Inflorescence. Ann. Bot. 82:835-841.112
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
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Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
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Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
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Rather near the meteorological stat
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ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
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Table 1. Average distances required
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Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
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Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
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Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
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Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
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Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
Page 71 and 72: Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
Page 73 and 74: The five spectral reflectance measu
Page 75 and 76: Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
Page 77 and 78: Larger than expected harvest losses
Page 79 and 80: Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
Page 81 and 82: Optical sensors have the potential
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
Page 85 and 86: Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
Page 87 and 88: In 2010, France has launched the fo
Page 89 and 90: Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
Page 91 and 92: Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94: Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98: applied later in the fall was more
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102: The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113 and 114: increases germination to its potent
Page 115 and 116: Light, lodging and flag leaves-what
Page 117 and 118: Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120: Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
Page 121: The seed set is of major importance
Page 125 and 126: support system to optimize fungicid
Page 127 and 128: weather stations in grass seed fiel
Page 129 and 130: ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
Page 131 and 132: Seed yield variation in a red clove
Page 133 and 134: 100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
Page 135 and 136: Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
Page 137 and 138: Crimson clover seed production in t
Page 139 and 140: Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
Page 141 and 142: deal of investigation into the caus
Page 143 and 144: genes and subsequent ability to pro
Page 145 and 146: Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
Page 147 and 148: Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
Page 149 and 150: The strip design provides an opport
Page 151 and 152: The pot experiments did not reveale
Page 153 and 154: CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
Page 155 and 156: Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
Page 157 and 158: Effects of intraspecific competitio
Page 159 and 160: flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
Page 161 and 162: The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
Page 163 and 164: Seed yield components and yield per
Page 165 and 166: ResultsVariation among populations
Page 167 and 168: Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
Page 169 and 170: Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
Page 171 and 172: Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
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Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
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Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
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Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
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Harvesting too soon after peak flow
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Annual ryegrass seed production in
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seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
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ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
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urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
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Comparing herbicide selectivity in
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Development of new tetraploid Chlor
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Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
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Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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