Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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Baskin, C.C., Baskin, J.M., 1998. <strong>Seed</strong>s: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancyand Germination. Academic Press, San DiegoBeier, B.A., Chase, M.W., Thulin, M., 2003. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy ofsubfamily Zygophylloideae (Zygophyllaceae) based on molecular and morphological data.Plant Syst. Evol. 240,11-39.Clrak, C., Kevseroglu, K., Ayan, A.K., 2007. Breaking of seed dormancy in a Turkish endemicHypericum species: Hypericum aviculariifolium sub sp. depilatum var. depilatum by lightand some pre-soaking treatments. J. Arid Environ. 68, 159-164.Hu, X.W., Wang, Y.R., Wu, Y.P., 2009a. Effects of the pericarp on imbibition,seed germination,and seedling establishment in seeds of Hedysarum scoparium Fisch. et Mey. Ecol. Res. 24:559-564Hu, X.W., Wu, Y.P., Wang, Y.R., 2009b. Different requirements for physical dormancy releasein two populations of Sophora alopecuroides relation to burial depth. Ecol. Res. 24, 1051–1056.Tobe, K., Shimizu, H., Omasa, K., 2001. Characteristics of seed germination in five nonhalophyticChinese desert shrub species. J. Arid Environ. 47, 191-201.Zeng, Y.J., Wang, Y.R., Sa, R., Tian, X.M., 2002. Response of seed germination of threexeromorphic shrubs to drought stress. Chinese J. Appl. Ecol. 13(8), 953-956.103
Light, lodging and flag leaves-what drives seed yield in ryegrass?J.T. Trethewey 1 , M.P. Rolston 1 , R. Chynoweth 2 , B. McCloy 31 AgResearch Lincoln Research Centre, Private Bag 4749, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand2 Foundation for Arable Research, Lincoln, PO Box 80, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand3 NZ Arable, PO Box 16-101, Christchurch, New ZealandEmail: jason.trethewey@agresearch.co.nzAbstractThe effect on seed yield components of reduced photosynthetic capacity of perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) was investigated. Firstly, seed yield responses to plant growth regulatorswere examined. Lodging during flowering and seed fill had a negative effect on seed yield.Days to 50% lodging is a good predictor of seed yield. Plant growth regulator responses fromtrinexapac-ethyl rates and timings can be explained by delays in the onset of lodging andimproved photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception at the mid canopy level.Secondly, following flowering, photosynthetic capacity was reduced by defoliation or shadingthe flag leaf, stem, or head of individual ryegrass tillers. Reduced PAR to the flag leaf and stemdid not affect thousand seed weight or seed yield when compared with control plants whereasreducing PAR to the head had a significant effect. The seed head itself may be a more importantsource of carbohydrate than the flag leaf during seed fill.IntroductionEarly lodging in perennial ryegrass reduces seed yields (Young et al., 1996). Early lodged cropsoften trigger secondary vegetative tillering, which may result in nutrient competition with seedfill (Rolston et al. 2007). The plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (TE) inhibits gibberellicacid biosynthesis (Rademacher 2000) and reduces lodging by irreversibly shortening internodes.<strong>Seed</strong> yield increases in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) from TE rates of 300 to 400 g ha-1are typically 30 to 50% and the rate response to TE is often linear to rates of 800 g ha -1 (Rolstonet al. 2004).Reducing lodging may also increase the amount of photosynthetic radiation within the crop(Rolston et al. 2007). Chemical and mechanical prevention of lodging of perennial ryegrassincreased the mobilisation of carbon from the flag leaf to both the reproductive head and thevegetative tillers (Hampton et al. 1987). Factors that reduce the amount of photosyntheticallyactive material present on the plant such as lodging or defoliation are likely to influence theamount of carbohydrate that reaches the seed. Competition for photosynthate between plantorgans of economic importance and the remaining vegetative structures, that may also supportseed fill, is therefore especially important. The aim of this study was firstly to determine seedyield response to TE rate and lodging. Secondly, the importance of the flag leaf, stem, andreproductive head in contributing to seed quality was investigated by reducing photosyntheticactive capacity from flowering through to harvest.104
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Proceedings of the 7th Internationa
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Table of ContentsORAL PRESENTATIONS
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Seed yield components and yield per
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International Herbage Seed Conferen
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16:15 - 16:30 Reliability of salini
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Hotel expense is covered for night
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40,000 were slaves (McDonald, 2007)
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Fig. 1. Texas AgriLife Research and
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$7 billion for cattle, $3 billion f
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principle and encourages both AgriL
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eceived by growers, the above perce
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seed conditioning plants are locate
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Table 4.Hectares of open-field burn
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system, a seed crop is produced fro
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Fig. 1. Land resource areas of Texa
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y land owners. Seed yields are low
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The influence of planting density o
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Simple correlation and regression a
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Variation in seed shattering in a g
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Seed retention (SR) was calculated
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mm160120Precipitation8040020Km h -1
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Young, B. A. (1986). A Source of Re
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Several methods are commonly used f
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Table 3. Effect of the length of ha
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Alfalfa seed production in semi-hum
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Rather near the meteorological stat
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ReferencesBolaños-Aguilar E.D., Hu
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ased bioenergy conversion plants wa
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Table 1. Average distances required
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Figure 1. Optimized locations for 1
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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne
Page 63 and 64: Relative Seed Yieldsingle composite
Page 65 and 66: Flowers, M.D.; Hart, J.M.; Young II
Page 67 and 68: Thus, similar to tissue tests, remo
Page 69 and 70: Conclusion:Perhaps our most importa
Page 71 and 72: Modelling critical NDVI curves in p
Page 73 and 74: The five spectral reflectance measu
Page 75 and 76: Harvest loss in ryegrass seed crops
Page 77 and 78: Larger than expected harvest losses
Page 79 and 80: Rolston, P.; Trethewey, J.; McCloy,
Page 81 and 82: Optical sensors have the potential
Page 83 and 84: Figure 2. Seed yield response to ap
Page 85 and 86: Flowers, M. D., Hart, J.M., Young I
Page 87 and 88: In 2010, France has launched the fo
Page 89 and 90: Yield (% maximum)ConclusionThe resu
Page 91 and 92: Plant N uptakeN unavailableSoil nit
Page 93 and 94: Stresses associated with germinatio
Page 95 and 96: correspond to electrical conductivi
Page 97 and 98: applied later in the fall was more
Page 99 and 100: Figure 2. Establishment of five ove
Page 101 and 102: The seed vigour testing was perform
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Germination index (GI) for
Page 105 and 106: Reliability of salinity screening L
Page 107 and 108: AcknowledgmentThis research was sup
Page 109 and 110: Table 2. Greenhouse salinity screen
Page 111 and 112: The seeds were collected from the A
Page 113: increases germination to its potent
Page 117 and 118: Relative seed yieldSeed yield (kg/h
Page 119 and 120: Hampton, J.G.; Clemence, T.G.A.; He
Page 121 and 122: The seed set is of major importance
Page 123 and 124: In grass species with poor seed ret
Page 125 and 126: support system to optimize fungicid
Page 127 and 128: weather stations in grass seed fiel
Page 129 and 130: ust resistance loci in Lolium peren
Page 131 and 132: Seed yield variation in a red clove
Page 133 and 134: 100Seed yield plant -1 (g)806040200
Page 135 and 136: Marden, J. H. 1984. Remote percepti
Page 137 and 138: Crimson clover seed production in t
Page 139 and 140: Piper, C.V. 1935. Forage plants and
Page 141 and 142: deal of investigation into the caus
Page 143 and 144: genes and subsequent ability to pro
Page 145 and 146: Gatenby, W.A., S.C. Munday-Finch, A
Page 147 and 148: Control of Vulpia myuros in red fes
Page 149 and 150: The strip design provides an opport
Page 151 and 152: The pot experiments did not reveale
Page 153 and 154: CharacterWeed abundance1 A few plan
Page 155 and 156: Jensen, P. K. (2010) Longevity of s
Page 157 and 158: Effects of intraspecific competitio
Page 159 and 160: flowering, Gangi accumulated a high
Page 161 and 162: The seed yield of Gangi was, on ave
Page 163 and 164: Seed yield components and yield per
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ResultsVariation among populations
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Table 2. Means of total seeds per p
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Ryle, G. J. (1970). Partition of As
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Control of Apion trifolii in red cl
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Number of seeds /inflorescencesimil
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population. However, in spite of th
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Corvallis where they were debearded
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Table 1. Effect of Palisade growth
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Variations on potential and harvest
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Determination of optimum desiccatio
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Relative seed yield (%)Flowers/m225
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Harvesting too soon after peak flow
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Annual ryegrass seed production in
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seed yield, kg/haExtractable Al, mg
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ReferencesHaby, V.A. (1995). Soil m
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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L
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urn residue management (Fig. 1 and
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Comparing herbicide selectivity in
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Development of new tetraploid Chlor
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Following 4 (or 5) cycles of select
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Loch, D.S., Rethman, N.F.G. & van N
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KBGcocksfootHykorLofatimothymeadowf
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Figure 2 Relative seed yield (%) se
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and GA 4 . In consequence this inac
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Table 1 The effect of trinexapac-et
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Silberstein, T.B., Young, W.C. III,
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inflorescece number and seed yield
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Germination of Lolium multiflorum g
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Effect of sowing density on seed yi
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y-products of this grass seed crop
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Table 2. Effect of PGR on seed yiel
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Further culm length measurements ga
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chlorophyllometer. Measurements wer
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Table 2. Photosynthesis rate of fla
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Organization of grass seed research
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Path Coefficient and Ridge Regressi
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through y4 (0.133). Increasing y 1
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Newell G.J., Lee B. (1981)Ridge reg
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Relative humidity, seed moisture co
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Ergovaline contents in grasses from
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11.8 % (Central East) to 40.0% (Nor
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ReferencesBony, S. & Delatour, P. (
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Long-term Evaluation of Annual Ryeg
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seed yield. All systems of establis
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Preliminary results after four year
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Casals, Marie-LaureFNAMSImpasse du
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Mao, PeishengForage Seed LabChina A
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Vanasche, DavidVanasche Farm36130 N
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Texas, USA 2010 - International Herbage Seed Group

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