Drive Right Companion - Delsea

4REVISED TENTH EDITIONAuthorsMargaret L. JohnsonOwen CrabbArthur A. OpferRandall R. ThielConsulting AuthorFrederik R. MottolaGlenview, IllinoisNeedham, MassachusettsUpper Saddle River, New Jersey

What is thc Drive Right Companion?The word conzparzion means friend and helper. The Drive RightCompanion is a friend and helper to the student who is studyingDrive Right and who wants to learn how to drive. This book helps youunderstand Drive Right. It explains many of the words and ideas in thebook.How do I use the Companion?The Cornpanion is organized in the same way as Drive Right. TheCompanion has the same chapters as Drive Right. Each chapter in theCornpanion has the same sections as the chaptcr in Drive Right.Read the section in the Companion before you read the same section inDrive Right. Each section in the Companion has a part titled "Wordsand Ideas." In this part, new words and ideas are explained. The wordsare explained in the order that they are found in Drive Right. You canalso read the Companion while you are reading Drive Right.Each chapter has some activities to help you learn the words and ideas.These activities are not tests. There are three types of activities."Figure It Out" asks you to use information in the Companion or inDrive Right to answer some questions. "Double Trouble" helps youunderstand words that have two or more meanings. "Think About It"asks you to use what you know about driving and the world aroundyou to answer the questions. The activities are multiple choice, trueor false, and short answers.At the end of the Companion is an index. The index has all thevocabulary words and ideas in the Companion in alphabetical order.You can use the index to find the meaning of a word. The numbernext to the word tells you the page where you can find the word inthe Companion.Copyright O 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing asPrentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rightsreserved. I'rinted in the United States of America. This publicationis protected by copyright, and permission should be obtainedfrurn the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storagein a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. Thepublisher hereby grantsto reproduce these pagcs, inpart or in whole, for classroom use only. Notice of copyright mustappear on all copies. For information regarding permission(s),write to: Rights and Permissions Department.ISBN 0-13-068332-9

Unit 1: The Driving TaskCh 1 You Are the Driver 42 Signs, Signals, and Roadway Markings 103 Basic Vehicle Control 174 Managing Risk with the IPDE Process 25Unit 2: Controlling Your VehicleCh 5 Natural Laws and Car Control 346 Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers 437 Negotiating Intersections 508 Sharing the Roadway 55Unit 3: Driving in Different EnvironmentsCh 9 Driving in Urban Traffic 6210 Driving in Rural Areas 6711 Driving on Expressways 7212 Driving in Adverse Conditions 76Unit 4: Being a Responsible DriverCh 14 Effects of Driver Condition 8715 Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Driving 9216 Buying and Owning a Vehicle 9717 Maintaining Your Vehicle 10118 Planning Your Travel 104

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 1 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write the words on a sheetof paper, then write the meaning next to each word. If you don't know the meaning ofthe word use the Glossary at the back of Drive Right. You can also learn the meaningof a word by looking it up in the Index at the back of Drive Right for the pagenumbers where the word first appears. Some words are explained in this Companion.river anticpales possible conflicls (6)Right of way privilege ol having immediak uselance company lor insuranc? coverage over a ol a certairl par1 ol a roadwar 121,142)ilied period of time (342)Right-turn-on-red turning right when Ihe redription medicine drug that can be pur- signal IS on unless specilically prohibited !o turned legally only when ordered by a doctor (137)Risk in dr~ring, possibility of having a conflicllhal results In a collision (41Roadway marking m?rklng thal gives you awarning or direction (?I)e mast often (345)Roadway users peop e who use the HTS bywalking, drlvlng, or riding (4)ha is al lault agalnst claims tor damages lo Rocking a vehicle resealing !he sequence otdriv~ng forward a 11Ite and then bach a little tomove your vehicle out of deep snow. mud, orlcted len turn left tbrn made on a lelt-turn sand (254), green arrow, or aeayed green light whil~ Rumble strips sectiorls ol rough pavemerltAI 1 1 You Are Part of the System

NameDatevehicle: Anything you can drive or ride to go from one place to another isa vehicle. Bicycles, cars, sport utility vchicles, buses, motorcycles, andtrucks are all vehicles.eVehiclesBus Motorcycle Truck Bicycle Car, automoblievehicle code: These federal and state laws regulate the HTS.driver's license: Licen,re means permission by law. A driver's license means you havepermission to drive. Your state will give you permission to drive (a driver's license)when you have learned the driving laws and have passed the driving tests.0 C-C-WThink About It1. On which roadway may you drive faster?2. On which roadway must you drive more slowly and carefully?C 0r --d-Unit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 1 You Are the Drivcr! 5-

Name Date -Your Driving TaskWords and Ideasdriving task: To drive, you must use all of your social, physical, and mental skills.skills: Skills are learned abilities that require practice and experience to become good.Your skill as a driver will get better as you practice driving.courteous driver: A courteous driver is polite to others and makes an extra effort tothink about other drivers.The IPDE ProcessIPDE stands for Identify, Predict, Decide, and Execute. Each word will help youwith driving by helping you see, think, and act in all situations. Remember these foursteps in the IPDE Process and use them every time you drive.I = Identify: To identlh means to look for and find something. When you drive, lookfor and identify important information, such as road signs and signals, other vehicleson the road, and possible problems.P = Predict: To predict means to think about and guess. Use all your experience,knowledge, and judgment to predict what will happen next. When driving you must beable to predict what other drivers will do.D = Decide: To decide means to choose what to do. When you drive you must decidequickly how to act and when to act.E = Execute: To execute means to act or to do something. When driving you mustexecute actions that keeps you and others safe.The IPDE ProcessVIdentify the oncomingveh~cle and the passingvehicle.Predict that your path of Decide to slow and move to Execute your decision bytravel and the passing the side of the road. driving to the side of thevehicle's path of travel willroad and letting the truckcollide.pass.6 Chapter 1 You Are the Driver! Unit 1 The Driving Task

NameDateSmith System: This is an organized method to help drivers develop goodseeing habits.Zone Control System: This is a method for managing the space around your vehicle.defensive driving: This ability to drive defensively is keeping yourself and others safefrom dangerous driving situations to avoid a crash./'\ ~/' \: 1.3 : Your Driving Responsibilities',\ /'VWords and Ideasattitude: Your attitude is how you think and feel about things. Your attitude towardlife will affect your driving. Your willingness to learn and to use safe-drivinghabits will pay off in the long haul.collision: A collision is when there is contact between two or more objects, as whentwo vehicles collide-crash-into each other.f CollisionfiIt was an\ accident. ) No it wasn't.You were notresponsibility: When something or someone is your responsibility, you must take careof that person or that thing. Driving responsibilities are all the things you must doto be a good driver.to protect: to keep something or someone safe.ProtectProtect your passengers. Protect your property. Protect other roadway users.Unit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 1 You Are the Driver! 7

NameDateefficient: If something is efficient, it works well and does not waste energy.fuel-efficient: A fuel-efficient vehicle does not waste fuel. A fuel-efficient car goesmore miles on one gallon of gasoline than a car that is non-fuel-efficient.fuel consumption: Fuel consumption means to use fuel.Figure It Out: Fuel ConsumptionLook at pictures a and b. Then circle the best answer.1. Which car is more fuel efficient? a b2. Which car consumes more fuel? a b3. Which car costs less to drive 300 miles? a bThink About ItRead the following statements, then circle the best answer-a or b.1. A friend offers you a beer while driving. Should youa. say no and ask him or her to not drink in your car.b. have a drink so your friend won't feel offended.2. Two cars were going fast on a wet road. They collided with each other. The policeofficer's report said they were ina. an accident.b. a collision.3. In adverse weather conditions, you shoulda. drive the way you usually do and get home as fast as possibleb. slow down.4. A fuel-efficient car is good to have becausea. it costs less to buy.b. our air stays cleaner because we use less fuel.8 Chapter 1 You Are the Driver! Unit 1 The Driving Task

NameDate _;ld> Your Driver's LicenseWords and Ideasgraduated driver licensing program: This program requires young drivers to gothrough different stages to get a driver's license. The program helps reducecollisions.learner's permit stage: Young drivers receive a permit to drive with supervision for 6to 12 months.intermediate license stage: The learning driver has certain limits on driving and mayhave more hours of supervision for 6 to 18 months. There may be limits on nightdriving and the age and number of passengers.full-privilege license stage: Once you have completed the intermediate license stagewithout a traffic ticket or collision, you will receive a driver's license withoutlimits.( Be A Low-Risk Driver 1Buckle up for safety. Don't drinkI and drive.Pay attention to theroad, not your frie8nds. 1Think About ItWrite True or kalse for each statement in thc space provided.1. You must always wear a safety belt when driving.2. You must never drink and drive. -3. You do not need to practice driving to become a good driver. -.Unit 1 The Driving TaskChapter 1 You Are the Driver! 9

NameDatcLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 2 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write the words on a sheetof paper, then writc the meaning next to each word./"\.\c2.1) Traffic Signs\/'Words and Ideasregulatory sign: To regulate means to control. Regulatory signs tell drivcrs what todo. They control traffic and tell you about laws that you must obey.warning sign: To wurn means to let people know about dangers. Warning signs helpyou avoid surprise situations and tell you that danger is ahead.guide sign: Guide signs show you where to go. They help find routes, intersections,service areas, and other points of interest or information. Guide signs tell you howto get places.to slow down or stop. This roadRegulatory signWarning signGuide signyield: You allow the other car to go before you when you yield.right of way: You use the roadway first when you take the right of way.intersection: An intersection is where two roads meet each other.Intersection10 Chapter 2 Signs, Signals, and Roadway Markings Unit 1 The Driving Task

NameDateSTOP sign: STOP signs are used on a road that crosses a main highway or athrough street. A full stop is required.proceed: To proceed means to go forward.(stop Signs 1)I stopped at the whiteline. My view is blocked.I cannot see if a caris coming.Move up slowly until youcan see approachintraffic. Make aWhen no carsapproaching traffic: Oncoming traffic-trafficis the approaching traffic.that is coming toward you-crosswalk: A crosswalk is an area marked with white lines where pedestrians cross astreet. Cars must stop at crosswalks and let pedestrians cross the street.Approaching trafficPedestrian in the crosswalkr:-Double TroubleSome words have two or more meanings. Study the meanings for each word."m2full: (1) opposite of empty; filled up. Example: I can't eat any more. I'm full.z 3(2) complete; total; 100%. Example: When Karina approached thenSTOPosign, she came to a full stop.check: (I) to look around and see, to look for something. (2) a special pieceof paper you use instead of money. (3) a mark (/Unit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 2 Signs, Signals, and Roadway Markings 11

NameDatespeed limit signs: Speed limit signs tell you how fast you may drive whendriving conditions are ideal.ideal: Ideal means the best. Ideal weather conditions are as follows: The sun isrnshining. You can see very far. There is no rain or snow. The roads are not wet orI I S PE E D 11slippery.basic speed law: When conditions are not ideal, the basic speed law says you mustdnve at a speed that is safe for existing conditions.maximum: Maximum means the most, the highest. Maximum speed limitmeans the fastest you are allowed to drive; under ideal conditions.minimum: Minimum means the least, the lowest. Minimum speed limit meansthe slowest you are allowed to drive, under ideal conditions.advisory speed limits: These are speed limits set for special conditions, such as sharpcurves.LIMIT25Speed limit signThink About ItFill in the blanks with one of the following:basic speed lawminimum speed limitadvisory speed limit1. When driving under dangerous weather conditions, you want to observe the2. When driving an expressway, you'll want to pay attention to the maximum speedlimit and themoving safely., which is set to keep traffic3. When approaching a curve, look for the -,which may be posted below a warning sign.school zone: Thls is a portion of a road near a school that is subject to special speed limits.crossing guard: This person gives directions in a school zone. You must obey thecrossing guard and stop when asked.construction zone: A construction zone is an area where something is being built orthe road is being repaired.12 Chapter 2 Signs, Signals, and Roadway Markings Unit 1 'The Driving Task

KameDaterailroad crossing: where a road crosses railroad tracks.Never cross a railroad track when the red lights are flashing or the gates are down.route: Road. The route marker tells vou the number of the road. Local. state.U.S., and interstate routes are posted with route signs. Even numbers areeast-west routes. Odd numbers are north-south routes.international symbols: symbols used on traffic signs that give a messagewithout using wordsThink About It" ALook at the signs below. Write the correct name of the sign on the line provided.Choose from the following list:railroad crossbuckno passing signschool zone signschool crossing signconstruction signRoad NarrowsUnit I The Driving Task Chapter 2 Signs, Signals, and Roadway Markings 13

NameDateThink About ItCircle the best answer.1. When you approach a school zone, you shoulda. look for children, then slow down.b. slow down and look for children.c. speed up to get through the school zone faster.2. The maximum speed isa. the speed you must always drive.b. the highest speed you may drive under ideal conditions.c. the slowest speed you can drive.3. At every STOP sign you musta. come to a full stop before proceeding.b. slow down.c. stop and count to 50 before going ahead.02.2 Traffic SignalsWords and Ideastraffic signal: Traffic signals are colored lights or signs that tell drivers or pedestrianswhat to do.flashing signal: A flashing signal is a light that goes on and off. It warns you to slowdown or stop.Figure It Out: Find the PictureBelow is a list of different traffic signals. Find a picture of each in Drive Right,pages 27-30. Write the page number next to the correct traffic signal.1. traffic light 3. flashing light2. arrow 4. pedestrian signal14 Chapter 2 Signs, Signals, and Roadway Markings Unit 1 The Driving Task

NameDatetraffic arrows: Traffic arrows point the direction that traffic must flow. They arealso used to tell you when you can turn at an intersection.pedestrian signal: This signal tells pedestrians whether they should walk or wait tocross the street.rush hour: Rush hour is during the time of day when many people are going to andfrom work. There is a morning rush hour and an evening rush hour in and aroundmost cities.lane signal: This is a signal, usually overhead,that tells whether a lane can or cannot bcused at a specific time.right-turn-on-red: You can turn right whenthe red signal is on unless there is a signthat says you may not.Go straight aheadwhen arrow is greentraffic control officer: This person tells carswhen and where to go. The officer uses hand signals to direct traffic.1 Traffic Control Officers' Hand Signals IStop Turn left 'Turn right2Unit 1 The Driving TaskChapter 2 Signs, Signals, and Roadway Markings 15

NameDate2 Roadway Markings'\Words and Ideasroadway markings: Lines, arrows, or words are painted on the road to give you awarning or direction.1 Arrows and Lines-t /,\lStraight arrow Curved arrow Diagonal line Perpendicular lines Parallel linesRoadway arrows give directions.Left turn arrowGo straightshared left-turn lane: This is a lane on a busy strcet that helps drivers make safer leftturns in the middle of a block.rumble strips: These are short sections of bumpy roadway that warn you that you areapproaching a dangerous area. They are also used to warn that you are driving tooclose to the edge if the road.roadway markers: Raised or lowered roadway markers are small reflectorsalong the road to help you see the driving lane in the dark.color coded: Different colors are used to show different meanings. Whiteroadway markers show the edge of a road. Red roadway markers warn thatyou are driving in the wrong direction.fire hydrants: A fire hydrant provides water when there is a fire.reserved: When parking spaces are reserved they are saved foruse by certain people.handicapped parking: Some parking spaces are reserved forpeople with special physical necds.Fire hydrantHandicapped parking16 Chapter 2 Signs, Signals, and Roadway Markings Unit 1 The Driving Task

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 3 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write each word on a sheetof paper, then write the meaning next to each word.03.1 Instruments, Controls, and DevicesWords and Ideasgauge: Gauges give you information about your vehicle. The fuel gauge tells you howmuch gas is in the vehicle.instrument panel: The part of the vehicle in front of the driver is called theinstrument panel. Gauges and warning lights are on the instrument panel. Indifferent models of vehicles, the gauges may be in different places.Instrument Panel1I Battery-warning light, ,High-beams light I0-.-m8DLU1 ~achometerl speedometer' \ Fuel gauge Iindicators: The gauges on your vehicle's instrument panel indicate-show yousomethingabout the vehicle. A safety belt light is an indicator that warns you thatyou have not fastened your safety belt.odometer: This is a gauge on the instrument panel that indicates the total number ofmiles the vehicle has been driven.tank: A tank is a container that holds liquids. The fuel tank holds the gasoline foryour vehicle.cootant: CooIant is a liquid that helps keep the engine cool.circulate: To circulate means to move through or around. Oil must circulate throughthe vehicle's engine.pressure: Pressure is force or strength. To protect the engine, the oil must circulate atm2 the right pressure. The oil gauge on the vehicle's instrument panel indicates the oil0pressure.Unit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 3 Basic Vehicle Control 17

NameDatealternator warning light: This 1s a light or gauge on the instrument panelthat warns you that the battery is being drained.generate: To generate is to make. The alternator generates electricity to run the vehicle.battery: A car battery is a part that stores (holds) electricity used by the vehicle.drained: A battery that is being drained is losing electricity.-off all electricalI better take the car toarage and have it checke-\If M y 7Think About ItLook at the fuel gauge on the right, then answer the following questionsin the space provided.1. What does the F stand for?2. What does the E stand for?3. Does the fuel gauge show almost full or allnost empty?4. The gas tank in your vehicle holds 12 gallons. It is now 314 hll.How many gallons do you have left?5. The gas tank in your vehicle holds 12 gallons of gas. If you get30 llliles pcr gallon, how many miles can you drive on a full tank?Fuel guage18 Chapter 3 Basic Vehicle Control Unit 1 The Driving Task

Name -Dateantilock braking system: This braking system keeps the wheels from locking ifthe driver brakes hard.air bag: An air bag is a safety device found in rnany newer vehicles. It is located inthe steering wheel ofthe driver's side and above the glove compartment on thepassenger's side. It is a balloon that inflates on impact.high-beam headlights: These are the strongest and brightest lights on thevehicle. You need high-beam headlights when you are driving in very darkconditions and there are no other vehicles on the road. Switch to low-beamheadlights (regular headlights) when you see oncoming traffic.console: The console is the compartment mounted between thefront seats in a vehicle.lever: A lever is a bar or handle that you use to make changes. A selector leverchanges gears.LeversTurn-signal lever Selector lever Gear-shift lever Hood-release leverignition switch: Operated by a key, this switch starts or stops the engine.accessory: This is a position on the starter switch that can be used torun accessories, such as lights, radios, or CD players, withoutrunning the engine.cruise: To cruise is to move at a steady speed.cruise control: This is a device that lets you maintain your desiredspeed without keeping your foot on the accelerator.release: To release means to let go. Before you can drive, you mustrelease the parking brake.lgriition switchUnit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 3 Basic Vehicle Control 19

NameDatepedal: A pedal is a lever that you operate with your foot, such as a clutch pedal,foot-brake pedal, and accelerator pedal.Pedalsquup TI~UP~~Clutch pedal Foot-brake pedal Accelerator pedalclutch pedal: Located to the left of the foot-brake pedal, the clutch pedal in stickshiftvehicles lets a driver shift gears.to accelerate: To accelerate is to go faster, to speed up. When you enter anexpressway, you ]nust accelerate.accelerator: The accelerator pedal controls the speed of a vehicle. Push down tomake the car go faster. Sometimes the accelerator pedal is given a short name, andis just called the accelerator.injury, injuries: hurt, damage. A broken arm is an injury.whiplash: A sudden moving back of the head can hurt the neck and cause whiplash.In a collision, the driver and passengers may get a whiplash injury.head restraints: These padded devices are on the back of the front seats tohelp reduce whiplash injuries-injuries to the neck-in a collision.blind-spot areas: These are areas that you are not able to see in the rcarview mirrors.20 Chapter 3 Basic Vehicle Control Unit 1 The Driving Task

~ ~ -~~~~~ ~~~~ ~ ~-NameDate43 Getting Ready to Drive'VWords and Ideasprocedure: A procedure is a set of steps to follow.inspect: Before you begin to drive, you'll want to inspect-look over-the vehicle.oil stain: A wet, dark spot under the vehicle could be an oil stain. Always have amechanic check if you have any doubt.inflated: Tires must be inflated-blown up with air-to a certain air pressure. Theamount of pressure that is required for the tires on your vehicle is printed on thetire and in the vehicle's manual.adjust: To adjust is to move something to make it fit better. Adjust the vehicle seat sothat you can reach the pedals and feel comfortable.driver's license,-----26 u are permitted to drive when youhave passed the driving tests. Buteach time you get into the car, youmust prepare to drive. Ylou should docertain thinqs. You should followOutside Checksf ACheck the outside of your car.Make sure there are no obstaclesin your path. Look at your tires,windows, and lights.Are the tires full of air?Are the windows clean?Do the lights work?777-7Am I ready to drive now?Unit 1 The Driving TaskChapter 3 Basic Vehicle Control 21~

NameDatem 1ready to drive nowCheck the inside of your car.Lock the doors.Put your key in the ignition.Make sure you can reachall the controls.IErnest~,now you areready to drive.Let's go.--I don't havemy driver's license, "\-/3.3> Driving a Vehicle with Automatic Transmission\\iWords and Ideasshift indicator: This is the device on the vehicle that shows the different driving gearsand the one being used.backup lights: These are white lights at the rear of your vehicle that tell others thatyou are backing.target: A target is what you are aiming for when you drive. Look for a stationaryobject that appears in the distance in the center of the path you intend to drive.press: To press on the accelerator is to gently push on the pedal.set: To set is to put in a specific position. Before starting a vehicle with anautomatic transmission. make sure the parking brake is set.22 Chapter 3 Basic Vehicle ControlUnit 1 The Driving Task-

NameDatefuel injection: This is a system within the engine of vehicles. With a fuel-injectionengine, fuel is sprayed directly into the cylinders, or chambers for specific partsof the engine.Automatic Transmission GearsP\ -\' 1' I(' , ,\ %\,\\J)4, ,'PARK: This gear locks the transmission.N-,i 1kf'f '*;\L,' ,\\Q$;), - /'\ -'NEUTRAL: Th~s posit~on allows thewheels to roll w~thout engine power.DRIVE: This position is for movingforward.@9/ - \Ye/,' '\;+\', /c21\\(4-\ \r // ?,OVERDRIVE: Driv~ng In this gear savesfuel and can be used for all normaldriv~ng over 40-45 mph.L1 and L2 or 1 and 2: These positionsallow the engine to send more power tothe wheels at lower speeds. Both arefor slow, hard pulling and for going upand down steep hills.Unit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 3 Basic Vehicle Control 23

NameDateDriving a Vehicle with Manual TransniissionWords and Ideasmanual transmission: A vehicle with a manual transmission has a clutch and a gearshiftcontrol that you use to shift gears. The gears do not shift automatically.clutch: This is a pedal that helps you shift gears in a manual transmission vehicle.stall: To stall is to stop by itself.Manual Transmission GearsFIRST gear1;:2 4 RSECOND gear1 3 5I4-i2 4 RTHIRD gear1;:2 4 RUse FIRST gear to start thevehicle to a forward speedof 10 to I5 rnph.Use SECOND gear toacclelerate to a speed of15 to 25 mph.Use THIRD gear toaccelerate to a speed of25 to 40 rnph.NEUTRAL1t4l2 4 RFOURTH or FIFTH gear1 3 5Hi2 4 RREVERSE1 3 5k6-i2 4 RThe NEUTRAL p0Siti0nallows the wheels to rollwithout engine power.Use FOURTH Or FIFTH gear(depending on the vehicle)for highway driving.REVERSE is used forbacking.Double TroubleEach of the words below has more than one meaning. One meaning is given to you.You can find the other meaning in the Words and Ideas sections of this chapter. Writethe other meanings you find next to each word below.a. stall: (1) a place in a barn for a horse or cow.(2) --b. press: (I) a machine that prints words on paper.c. clutch: (1) to grab or hold on to.24 Chapter 3 Basic Vehicle Control Unit 1 The Driving Task

Name -DateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 4 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write thc words on a sheetof paper, then write the meaning next to each word./\ \4.1) 'The IPDE ProcessWords and Ideasrisk factors: Risk means danger. Factors mean a situation that produces a result. Riskfactors are situations that can produce dangerous results such as collisions.habit: A habit is something you do the same way all the time. Habits can be good orbad. With practice, safe driving behaviors will become good habits.Think About It: HabitsWrite good habit under the pictures that show good habits. Write bad habit under theones that show bad habits.ability: Your ability is what you are able to do.C U-.-5Cr$oanalyze: To analyze something is to look at all the parts. When in heavy traffic, youshould analyze the situation to decide what to do.critical clues: Critical clues are extremely important pieces of information thatyou must pay attention to.identify: The first step in the IPDE Process is to identify-topossible hazards.look for and find-reading traffic situations: When you are driving, you see and analyze importantclues. When you read traffic situations, you are able to predict what will happen.hazards: Hazards are dangers that you will encounter as a driver, such as icy roads.predict: The second step in the IPDE Process is to predict-to make a guess-aboutwhat could happen. You will use your knowledge, judgment, and experience.conflict: Conflict is a problem situation. In driving, a conflict is when you and anotherdriver get in the way of each other. As a driver, you will need to identify andpredict possible conflicts and take action to assure your safety.Unit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 4 Managing Risk with the IPDE Process 25

NameDateThink About It: The IPDE ProcessIn the boxes, write a description of each step in the IPDE Process.1. Identify Hazards 2. Predict Conflict3. Decide4. ExecuteSmith System: The Smith System gives you five rules to help you learn how to lookat traffic situations.The Rules of the Smith System,. Aim high--2.Keep your eyes moving.:e3.Get the big picture.0"QMake sure others,. can see you.-C U-C22c5. ppLeave yourself an out.26 Chapter 4 Managing Risk with the IPDE ProcessUnit 1 The Driving Task

NameDate/ '\,' 4.2 / Identify and Predict\ /Words and IdeasZone Control System: This system helps you control the space-six zones-aroundyour vehicle. It allows you to see and rcspond to changes in the zones so that youcan control the traffic situation.zone: A zone is an area of space that is the width of a lane and extends as far as thedriver can see. There are six zones around a vehicle.open zone: This is the space where you can drive safely in your intended path of travel.line of sight: This is the distance you can see ahead in the direction you are looking. Ifyour line of sight is restricted, that zone is closed.restriction: To restrict means to not allow. If something does not allow you to seeahead, such as a truck, your line of sight is restricted.path of travel: This is the space your vehicle will occupy as you travel ahead.target area: Your target is the aiming point where you want to go. The target area is thesection of the roadway where the target is located and the area to its right and left.closed zone: This is a space not open to you to travel safely. A zone can be closed by arestriction in your line of sight, another vehicle, or a traffic light or sign.Think About ItLook at the drawing below that shows closed zones. Choose from the following list thephrase that corresponds to the correct number in the picture.Write the phrase in the space provided.closed front zoneclosed rear zoneclosed front-right zone5. -IClosed ZonesI2. parked vehicleI--------- IUnit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 4 Managing Risk with the IPDE Process 27

NameDateorderly: Orderly means organized, following a plan.visual: Visual means using the eyes, seeing.orderly visual search pattern: This is a planned way of looking for clues aboutdriving situations.Orderly Visual Search Pattern'/.+-T /A \1. Look ahead to target area.2. Evaluate the left-front, front, and4. Evaluate your 4-6 s7 /I/\ -5. Look ahead.28 Chapter 4 Managing Risk with the IPDE Process Unit 1 The Driving Task

NameDatesearching ranges: A searching range 1s a distance ahead of you where you are tosearch as you drive. You search to evaluate your intended path of travel.field of vision: The area you can see around you while looking straight aheadis called your field of vision.central vision: This is the center part of your vision in which you can see clearly whilelooking straight ahead.peripheral vision: This is your side vision to the left and right of your central vision.You see less clearly to the side of your central vision.fixate: To fixate on something is to stare at it for a long time.scanning: Scanning is looking at all parts of a large area quickly.selective seeing: Selective means to choose only what is important. Selective seeingmeans you identify and choose only those clues and events that restrict your line ofsight or can change your intended path of travel.Think About It: Driving DetectiveWhch of the following situations have clues that tell you a car might pull out in front of you?-,/f--ground viewing: For ground viewing, make quick glances to the roadway in front of'your vehicle.repair: To repair is to fix. Roads may be under repair to keep them in good condition.Watch for construction areas where roads are being repaired.Unit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 4 Managing Risk with the IPDE Process 29

NameDatethrough lane: The portion of road that is open for driving ahead is the throughlane.gravel: Small pieces of rock.roadway surface: The top layer of the road is the surface. It may becomeslippery when wet.Roadway Surfaces 7Gravel road/Unpaved road- >- AP-kBumpy roadsliding: When you are sliding, you are moving across a smooth surface.skidding: When you are skidding, you are sliding without any control. A vehicle mayskid on a slippery road.traffic controls: Traffic lights, STOP and YIELD signs, and flashing lights are all examplesof traffic controls. Traffic controls are designed to control the flow of traffic.overhead: Overhead is above your head. Traffic lights may be overhead.Figure It Out: HazardsIdentify three possible hazards in the picture below. On a separate sheet of paper,write a sentence about each hazard. Example: The bicyclist might come into mylane to avoid the car pulling out of the driveway.30 Chapter 4 Managing Risk with the IPDE Process Unit 1 The Driving Task

NameDateThink About It: PredictionsWrite a prediction for each picture below.evaluate: When you evaluate something, you decide how important it is. You use yourknowledge, information, and feelings to evaluate.foresee: To foresee is to know what will happen before it happens.safe-driving memory bank: The more you drive and the more knowledge you gainfrom the study of traffic laws and driver-education materials, the more you add toyour safe-driving memory bank. This bank will help you identify and predictmore quickly and accurately and increase your chances of becoming a low-riskdriver.judgment: To judge means to think about something and make a decision. Making ajudgment about a traffic situation involves measuring, comparing, and evaluating.experience: The more you drivc the more experiences you have. Experience givesyou a solid base for making sound judgments.speed: Speed-how fast you drive-is the most important factor in maintainingcontrol of your vehicle.traction: Traction is the ability of the tires to grip the roadway surface.Unit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 4 Managing Risk with tlne IPDE Process 31

NameDate.2(4.3 :, Decide and ExecuteJWords and Ideasdecide: The third step in the IPDE Process is to decide, or choose. You decide on thebest action to take, when to take the action, how to take the action, and where togo with the action in order to avoid possible conflicts.execute: The fourth step in the TPDE Process is to execute-to carry out-yourdecision. You may change your speed, steer, or communicate.decelerate: When you take your foot off the accelerator pedal, the vehicle willdecelerate, or slow down.accelerate: When you push down on the accelerator pedal, the vehicle will accelerate,or speed up.steer: When you steer a vehicle with the steering wheel, you are guiding the directionthe vehicle will go.oversteering: You are moving the steering wheel too much.understeering: You are not moving the steering wheel enough.space cushion: This is an open area around a vehicle.ways to ~ommunicate to Other Driversheadlights taillights horn turn-signal leverminimize a hazard: To minimize is to make less. To minimize a hazard is to lessenthe chance of a dangerous situation or a conflict.separate the hazards: This is the process of adjusting the speed of a vehicle tohandle one hazard at a time when two or more hazards threaten a driver.compromise space: Reduce your risk by giving as much space as possible to thegreater of two or more hazards.disabled: When a vehicle is disabled it is not running properly. Disabled vehiclesalong the roadway are a hazard. If your vehicle is disabled, pull to the side of theroad and turn on the hazard flasher lights.combine actions: When you drive you will execute more than one action at a time.You will be combining actions, such as accelerating and steering at the same time.32 Chapter 4 Managing Risk with the IPDE Process Unit 1 The Driving Task

NameDateUsing the IPDE ProcessWords and Ideascommentary driving: Commentary means to make comments, or talk. When driving,you say out loud what you identify, predict, and decide to do while you practicethe IPDE Process.selective: To be selective is to pick and choose. When using the IPDE Processselectively, you may choose to begin a new cycle before completing all four steps.Think About ItWrite True or Fcrlse for each statement.1. In every driving situation, you will need to use all four steps of the IPDE Process.2. When someone else is driving, you can practice the I, P, and D stepsof the IPDE Process.-- -3. When you become an experienced driver you don't need to use the IPDE Processanymore.Think About It: Using the IPDE ProcessLook at the picture below. On a separate sheet of paper, write your thinking process asyou go through the IPDE Process.Unit 1 The Driving Task Chapter 4 Managing Risk with the IPDE Process 33

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 5 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write the words on a sheetof paper, then write the meaning next to each word.Gravity and Energy of Motion\JWords and Ideasnatural laws: A natural law explains why things happen in nature. The law of gravityis a natural law. The law of gravity explains why apples fall down, not up, froma tree.gravity: The force of gravity pulls all things to Earth.1 GravityI1 Uphill driving: Gravity makes you go slower. Downhill driving: Gravity makes you go faster.center of gravity: This is the point around which an object's weight is evenlydistributed.perform: The way a vehicle performs is the way it runs. A new car usually performs better .than an old car.operate: When you operate a vehicle, you control the vehicle.two tons: A ton is 2,000 pounds. A car or light truck weighs two tons, or 4,000pounds.stability: This means steadiness. A vehicle's stability means it wiII stay upright.energy of motion: This is energy an object has because it is moving.control: To control your vehicle is to handle it safely.force: Force is strength or power.34 Chapter 5 Natural Laws and Car Control Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

NameDate/~ner~~ of Motion'\What's the matter?You look confused.You need to know two thingsabout the energy of motion.1. A fast car has more energyof motion than a slow car.2. A heavy car has more energyof motion than a light car.r , :::? )But why shouldBecause the more energy of motionyou have, the harder it is to stop.When your energy of motion is large,it takes more distance andI \ \ more time to stop.II But what does that mean? 1 IWhen you drive fast, you shouldleave more distance between youand the car ahead of you.2. When you have heavy things in yourcar, or passengers, you shouldleave more distance between youand the car ahead of you.Unit 2 Controlling Your VehicleChapter 5 Natural Laws and Car Control 35

NameDatedouble: To double is to multiply by two. To double the number 9, multiply by2; that is 9 X 2 = 18. A box weighs 9 pounds. Double the weight of the-box is 18 pounds. If you are driving 20 miles an hour, double your speed is40 miles an hour.twice: Twice is two times. You called your friend twice yesterday if you called her onetime in the morning and one time in the evening. Twice can also mean to multiplyby 2. The box weighs 9 pounds. Twice the weight of the box is 18 pounds.triple: To triple is to multiple by 3. To triple the number 9, multiply by 3; that is,9 X 3 = 27. A box weighs 9 pounds. Triple the weight of the box is 27 pounds. Ifyou are driving 20 miles an hour, triple your speed is 60 miles per hour.square of a number: The square of a number is the number you get when youmultiply a number by itself. The square of 2 is 4; that is 2' = 2 X 2 = 4. Thesquare of 3 is 9; that is 32 = 3 X 3 = 9.Think About It: Energy of MotionLook at the pictures below, then circle the correct answer for each question.Car A is going 35 miles per hour.Car B is going 40 miles per hour.1. Which car has more energy of motion?a. car A b. car B2. Which car will need more time and distance to stop?a. cat A b. car B3. Which car is obeying the speed limit?a. car A b. car B36 Chapter 5 Natural Laws and Car Control Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

NameDate,+/ 5.2 Friction and Traction\IWords and Ideasfriction: Friction is the force that keeps the tires of your vehicle fromsliding on the road.traction: This is the ability of the tire to grip the road because of friction.groove: A groove is a long, narrow cut. A tire that has grooves will have1 \ \ 1good traction.Think About ItBelow are listed six road conditions. Circle the conditions that would reduce tractionand make it more difficult to stop your vehicle.a. icy road b. gravel road c. dry roadd. wet leaves on road e. oil on the road f. rainGroovehydroplaning: When a vehicle is hydroplaning, it is out of control floating along thesurface of a wet road.tread: This is the outer grooved surface of a tirc that grips the road.bald tire: A bald tire is a smooth tire without tread. Bald tires are dangerous becausethey cannot grip a wet road.Tire with treadBald tire0-Cm'2v0rmablowout: This is a sudden loss of tire air pressure while driving. After a blowout, yourtire is flat. If your tire gets a blowout, it is very hard to steer.puncture: A puncture happens when something pokes a hole in the tire.underinflation: There is not enough air in your vehicle's tires when they areunderinflated.overinflation: There is too much air in your vehicle's tires when they are overinflated.temperature: The temperature is how hot or cold-how many degrees-something is.You can use the Fahrenheit or the Celsius system to measure temperature.Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 5 Natural Laws and Car Control 37

NameDateChapter 5CompanionFactors that Reduce TractionCar Condition Roadway Surface WeatherBald tires wet RainWorn shock absorbers muddy SnowsandygraveloilyicyThink About ItBelow are pictures of six different road surface conditions. Circle the letters of theones that provide less traction for your vehicle.Road surface conditionsA. Curved road B. Icy road C. Wet roadD. Snowy roadE. Smooth, dry, straight road F. Gravel roadcurve: A road that does not run in astraight line will have bends orcurves it.CurvesIbanked curve: A curve that is higher onthe outside than it is on the inside iscalled a banked curve. This type ofcurve helps your vehicle's tendencyto move to the outside of the curve./ /I Straight road Road with curveIRoad with sharp curveRoad with banked curve38 Chapter 5 Natural Laws and Car ControlUnit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

NameDateload: The load is the amount of something a person or vehicle can carry.I / I 1IA load of groceriesA load of toolsDouble TroubleSome words have two or more meanings. Study the meanings of the following words.stable: (1) a place to keep horses. (2) steady; not falling.square: (1) a mathematical term that means to multiply a number by itself. Forexample, "2 squared" means 2 X 2. (2) a geometric shape.bank: (1) a place to keep your money. (2) a term used to describe a curve; a bankedcurve is high on the outside and low on the inside.Now, write 1 or 2 to show which meaning of each word is being used in the paragraphbelow.On his way to the stable (a.), Mr. Kim decided to stop at a store and buy asmall table for the backyard. But first he had to stop at the bank (b-some money. He was looking for a square (C.table wasn't very stable (d.) to get) table. He found one, but the). He was afraid the table would fall over. It wasgetting late. Mr. Kim had to go feed his horses. It had started to rain and the road hadmany curves. Fortunately, Mr. Kim had new tires on his car and the curves werebanked (e.) so it was easier to make the turns.square(5.3 ? Stopping Distance/v'." Words and Ideas.-perceive: To perceive is to use your senses-especially sight and hearing-to become3S aware of something. When you perceive hazards in your path of travel, you areCE able to decide and evaluate what action to take.a"9 total stopping distance: This is how far your vehicle travels while you makea stop. It begins when you first see something and realize you need to stop.Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 5 Natural Laws and Car Control 39

NameDateperception time: This is the length of time it takes you to see a hazard andpredict and decide the need to stop.perception distance: This is how far your vehicle travels during perception time.reaction time: This is the length of time you take to execute your decision to stop-toapply the brake.reaction distance: This is how far your vehicle travels while you react.braking distance: This is how far your vehicle travels from the time you apply thebrake until your vehicle stops.ating Stopping Distance-1I / How much distance ) 1do I need to stop?50 how do I estimatemy stopping distance?You have toestimate yourYou estimatestopping distancewhile you are driving.iLook ahead. Find somethingthat is not moving,for example, a 5 eed limit sign.This sign is your Rxed checkpoint.It is the place on the road whereyou think you can stop your car.I think I can stop my carat that speed limit sign.40 Chapter 5 Natural Laws and Car ControlUnit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

Namew count off 4 seconds.i hWhatYou have reachedyour checkpoint, andyou have finished counting.You have correctly estimatedyour stopping distance.if I getto my checkpoint, but I amnot finishid co"nting?1%Then your estimated stopping \distance was wrong. Youshould have estimated a1, \ \ \ longer stopping distance. ,0 C--mu 3u.cL0/\

NameDaterestraint device: Restrain means to hold back. A restraint device is any partof a vehicle that holds an occupant in a collision.passive restraint device: This is a restraint device that works automatically, such asan air bag. You do not have to do anything to make the device work.active restraint device: This is a restraint device that you have to do something tomake it work. You have to buckle or adjust a safety belt.air bag: This is a balloon-type passive restraint device that automaticallyinflates-fills with air-to protect you.Air bag in steering wheelInflated air bagsupplemental: Supplemental is something added to something else. Air bags aresupplemental restraints designed to work with safety belts.Think About ItWrite True or False for each statement.1. You can always stop your car in 4 seconds no matter how fast you aredriving.2. It is harder to stop a car quickly on wet or gravelly roads.3. Only the driver of a vehicle needs to wear a safety belt. -4. A loaded car will need more stopping distance than an emptycar.5. Passengers in the back seat only need to wear safety belts on longtrips.42 Chapter 5 Natural Laws and Car Control Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 6 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write the word on a sheet ofpaper, then write the meaning next to each word.f \(6.1.b Steering, Signaling, and Changing Lanes\\/Words and Ideasoversteer: When you oversteer, you turn the wheel too much, which results in thevehicle weaving from side to side.understeer: When you understeer, you do not turn the wheel enough to keep thevehicle in the planned path of travel.weave: When you weave, you move from side to side.straight: A straight path is one without bends or curves.- - - - - -I I I - = m mCar steering straight forward- - - #-0\ @#I *- 00- \--Car that is weaving0-creep: To creep is to move slowly.jerk: To jerk is to move in sudden, short motions. If you put your foot on and off the0D 3brake several times, your car will jerk fonvard. When you come to a smooth stop,WCyou do not jerk the vehicle. Also, if you release the clutch smoothly in a stick shift2vehicle, you will not jerk the car.a"Gsmooth: To move in a steady motion is to move smoothly.Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 6 Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers 43

NameDateFigure It Out: Steering Straight BackwardLook at these pictures as you read the section on steering backward inDrive Right on page 110. Then under each picture, write the correct instructions. Thefirst one is done for you.1. Hold the brake pedal down and shift 2.to REVERSE.44 Chapter 6 Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

NameDateThink About ItWhy do you keep your foot over the brake pedal while the vehicle moves backward?Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 6 Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers 45

NameDatelane change maneuvers: When you change lanes, you move from one lane toanother.hand signals: Use your left arm for hand signals. Use your right hand to maintainsteering. Use hand signals when your turn-signal lights do not work or in brightsunlight when your turn-signal lights may be hard for other drivers to see.broader: A broader view is a larger and wider view.Changing Lanes: Blind-Spot CheckLane change to the left: Look over your left shoulder to checkyour blind spot.Lane change to the right: Look over your right shoulder to checkyour blind spot.06.2 Making Turns and Turning the Vehicle AroundWords and Ideashand-over-hand steering: This is pulling the steering wheel down with one handwhile the other hand crosses over to pull the wheel farther down.push-pull steering: This is pushing the steering wheel up with one hand and pullingit down with the other hand.46 Chapter 6 Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

NameDateshared left-turn lane: Some lcft turns into business arcas can bc madc inthe middle of a block from a center lane. This is a shared left-turn lane.Shared left turn lanemidblock: Mid- means in the middle or halfway. Midblock is in the middle of theblock.A block of housesA car in midblockturnabout: A turnabout is a maneuver for turning your vehicle around to go in theopposite direction.maneuver: A maneuver is a specific, planned movement.U-turn: A U-turn is a turnabout maneuver where you turn around on the roadway andgo in the opposite direction.reenter: To reenter is to enter again. When you turnabout in a driveway, you can thenreenter traffic.avoid: Avoid means to stay away from. Avoid turnabout maneuvers that put you at risk.Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 6 Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers 47

NameDateWords and Ideaspark: To park is to put a vehicle into a space and leave it there while you goelsewhere.reference point: To refer means to relate. A reference point uses a part of the outsideor inside of the vehicle, as viewed from the driver's seat, to relate to some part ofthe roadway.standard reference point: This is the point of reference on the vehicle that is used bymost drivers.personal reference points: You can find your own-personal-referenceworks for your own vehicle.wiper blades: Wiper blades are devices for cleaning windshields. They areattached to the vehicle near the windshield. Wiper blades can be usedfor a personal reference point.angle parking: This is parking the vehicle diagonally to the curb.diagonally: To park diagonally is to park in places that are on a slant or angle.flash: To flash IS to turn on and off. To flash your brakes, tap--lightlystep- on the pedal and release a few times.straighten: To straighten means to make straight. To straighten the tires ofyour vehicle, turn the steering wheel.point thatReference pointAngle parkingWheels turned to rightWheels straightenedperpendicular parking: This is when you park your vehicle at a right angle to thecurb.right angle: A right angle is an angle of 90".LRight angle48 Chapter 6 Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

NameDatefender: This is a metal guard over the wheel.bumper: This is a bar across the front and back of a vehicle. Bumpers protect avehicle from damage when it is bumped-hit.More Vehicle PartsFront bumper Back bumper Fender Left-rear taillightparallel parking: This is when you park your vehicle parallel to the curb.parallel: When your vehicle is parallel to the curb, both the front and back of thevehicle are the same distance from the curb.shoulder: The shoulder is the area to the side of a roadway. If your vehicle isdisabled, you can park on the shoulder until help comes.coordination: Coordination requires interaction between things, such as your handsand eyes. Starting on a hill requires timing and coordination.Parallelc'-SuLU0?a 00Think About ItCircle the letters of the correct answer or answers.1. For parallel parking, you need toa. back into a parking space.b. use your turn signals.c. use your horn.2. Learning to park isa. a necessary part of learning to drive.b. a good idea but isn't necessary to learn.c. only necessary for getting your driver's license.3. When you drive straight backward, you need toa. look in your rearview mirror only.b. look back through the rear window.c. keep your foot over the brake pedal.Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 6 Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers 49

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 7 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Lookfor all the words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write the wordson a sheet of paper, then write the meaning next to each word.4) Searching intersections\dWords and Ideaspower lines: Power lines are heavy electrical wires that carryelectrical power to homes and businesses in the community.traffic circle: A traffic circle is where several intersections form whenseveral roadways meet at a circle.point-of-no-return: When you drive toward an intersection, this is thepoint beyond which you can no longer stop safely.Figure It Out: IntersectionsHow can you tell that you are approaching an intersection? Look atthe pictures below. For each picture, circle the items that indicateyou are near an intersection. Write the names of these items in thespace provided under each picture. Use Drive Right page 130 if youneed help.Power linesb.50 Chapter 7 h'egotiating Intersections Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

NameDateControlled lntersectionsWords and Ideascontrolled intersection: A controlled intersection has traffic signals or signs to directtraffic.Controlled lntersectionsthrough street: A street without STOP signs, YIELD signs, or traffic signals is a throughstreet. Drivers on the through street usually can go through an intersection withoutstopping.cycle: A cycle is something that repeats in the same order. Traffic signals have a cycleof green, yellow, red.stale green light: State means old. A stale green light is a traffic light that has beengreen for a long time.fresh green light: Fresh means new. A fresh green light is a traffic light that has justturned from red to green.protected left turn: Protect means to keep safe from danger. Some traffic signalsprotect a driver making a left turn with special signals.unprotected left turn: An unprotected left turn is made without a special left turnlight.ProtectedSpecial green arrow or lighttells you when to turn.Other traffic stops whileyou turn.Left TurnsUnprotectedThere is no special light or arrow.You must yield to oncoming traffic.You must follow the "Joining Traffic-Left Turn" procedure, describedon page 135 of Drive Right.Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 7 Negotiating Intersections 51

Name .Datedelayed green light: Sometimes one side of an intersection has agreen light while the light for the oncoming traffic remains red.prohibited: When something is prohibited, it is not allowed.controlled railroad crossing: These railroad crossings are controlledby flashing red lights andlor crossing gates.Think About ItWrite True or False for each of the following statements. If thestatement is false, write a corrected statement in the space provided.1. An unprotected left turn is more dangerous than a protected leftturn.IO--,,e OCrossing gates2. When a traffic light turns yellow, you should speed up so you can get through theintersection before the light turns red.07.3 Uncontrolled l~itersectionsWords and Ideasuncontrolled intersections: These are intersections that have no signs or signals toregulate traffic.What to Do at an Uncontrolled IntersectionSlow down.Check for approaching traffic.Look for other roadway users near the intersection.Check the left and the right side of the intersection.Check your rearview mirror.Stop, if necessary.52 Chapter 7 Negotiating IntersectionsUnit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle-

NameDaterecheck: To recheck is to check again.location: Your location is the place where you are; your position.Think About It: Uncontrolled IntersectionsRead the statements below, then circle the letter next to the best answer.1. You approach an uncontrolled intersection. You are driving car number 1 in thepicture. Car number 2 is approaching the intersection at the same time.a. You assume you have the right of way and keep driving.b. You drive defensively. You stop at the intersection and give the other car theright of way.2. You approach an empty, uncontrolled intersection. You are driving car number 3.You don't see any cars or other roadway users.a. You slow down as you get closer to the intersection. You continue looking forother roadway users.b. You continue driving at the same speed because the intersection is empty.3. You are driving car number 3. As you approach an uncontrolled intersection, yousee a pedestrian out of the corner of your eye.a. Accelerate to get through the intersection before the pedestrian.b. Stop, make eye contact, and use a hand signal to communicate to thepedestrian which one of you will yield.Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 7 Negotiating Intersections 53

~ ~~~~~ ~ ~NameDateuncontrolled railroad crossing: An uncontrolled railroad crossing does nothave flashing red lights or crossing gates.crossbuck: Found in rural areas, this is a large, white X-shaped sign that is locatedbeside uncontrolled railroad crossings.8Railroad crossings.___.Railroad tracks Railroad ahead CrossbuckThink About ItRead the statements below, then circle the letter next to the best answer.1. When you approach railroad tracks.a. you should always slow down, even if you don't see a train.b. slow down only if you see a train.2. After a train has passe4a. drive across the tracks as quickly as possible.b. check the crossing to see if another train is approaching./"7.b\Determining Right of Way and Judging Gaps\//yielding the right of way: This is letting others go first.emergency vehicles: These are vehicles that carry people and equipment tohelp in an emergency. An ambulance is an emergency vehicle. It carriespeople and medical equipment to help people who are sick or injured. Afire truck is an emergency vehicle that carries fire fighters and equipmentto fires.gap: A gap is the space between objects. In driving it is the distance betweenvehicles.joining traffic: Turning right or left into lanes where other vehicles aretraveling is called joining traffic.Fire truckAmbulance54 Chapter 7 Negotiating IntersectionsUnit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle--- ~

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 8 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write the words on a sheetof paper, then write the meaning next to each word.Sharing the Roadway with MotorcyclesWords and ldeasmotorcyclist: A person riding a motorcycle is called a motorcyclist.major: Major is more important; the bigger part.share: To share is to take part of something and to allow someone else to have theother part.major share of responsibility: As a driver of a larger vehicle, you must accept thelargest part of responsibility for protecting motorcyclists.alert: To be alert is to be ready to see and hear what is going on around you.crucial: The Identify step is crucial-extremely important-for drivers becausemotorcycles are more difficult to see than larger vehicles.Think About ItLook at the vehicles below. Which one is the hardest to see? Which one is the easiestto see? Put the pictures in order. Write the number 1 under the vehicle that is thehardest to see. As the numbers increase, the vehicle is easier to see. The vehicleeasiest to see is number 5.kiwiC.-3u w2ad.- _- e.-tailgate: To tailgate is to follow another vehicle too closely. This is dangerous.frequently: To check your blind spots frequently is to check them often.overtake: To overtake is to pass.Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 8 Sharing the Roadway 55

NameDatehandling traits: By being aware of the handling traits of a vehicle, you are beingaware of the way a vehicle acts when you operate it.stability: Stability means ability to stay in position. Vehicles with four tires on theroad have more stability than motorcycles which only have two tires on the road.Motorcycles and Cars: Sharing the ResponsibilityJ4.2Motorcyclists' Actions Can Affect YouThink About ItRead the statements below. Write True or False for each statement.1. Cars and motorcycles have the same brake system.2. Motorcycles and cars have the same number of headlights. .Headlight3. Motorcycle taillights are as easy to see as car taillights. \ :Handlebar4. A noto or cyclist is less protected than the driver of a vehicle.\\ 1 eqaillightsl Throttlehand throttle: The hand throttle on a motorcycle is like the acceleratoron a car.anticipate: To anticipate is to feel or realize something before it happens.protective equipment: These are items a motorcyclist wears to protect thehead, eyes, and body.helmet: This is worn on the heads of motorcyclists to protect them from head injuries.goggles: Goggles are like glasses, but they are worn to protect the motorcyclist's eyes.Motorcvcle0 c-c56 Chapter 8 Sharing the RoadwayUnit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle-

Name -DateProtective Equipment for a MotorcyclistLong pantsadverse weather: Rain, sleet, ice, snow, and other weather conditions that makedriving hazardous are adverse weather conditions. Adverse weather conditions aremuch more difficult for motorcyclists than for other drivers.offset position: Motorcyclists should ride in an offset position-not in a line-so thatone rider is slightly behind and to the side of the other.visible: To be more visible is to be seen better. Motorcyclists need to be seen by otherdrivers.shoulder: The edge of the soad is the shoulder. The shoulder may be paved, gravel, or dirt.swerve: To swerve is to turn away from a straight course.tape: Tape is a narrow strip of strong woven fabric or plastic that is sticky on one side.reflective tape: This is special tape that becomes very bright when light shines on it atnight.reflectors: These are things that become bright when light shines on them at night.iUE"7mDouble TroubleThe words below have more than one meaning. Find the second meaning for thewords below. Write the second meaning on the line.a. tape: (1) something you record music or movies on.h (2)pp-0b. shoulder (1) where the arm is connected to the rest of the body.Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 8 Sharing the Roadway 57

NameDate43\ Bicycles, Mopeds, and Motor Scooters-\/Words and Ideasearphones: Earphones are devices that fit in your ears and allow you to listen to theradio or other audio players.hand-operated brakes: Bicycle brakes are operated with your hands-hand-operatedbrakes.tricycles: A tricycle is a bicycle with two rear wheels.moped: A moped is a two-wheeled vehicle that can be driven with either a motor or apedal.motor scooter: A motor scooter is a low-powered, two-wheeled vehicle that is morepowerful than a moped.restrictions: To restrict is to keep within limits. Moped and motor scooter riders haverestrictions against driving on certain high-speed roadways.Figure It Out: Bicycle HazardsLook at the picture below. Find four hazards for the bicyclist. List the hazards on thelines provided.58 Chapter 8 Sharing the Roadway Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

Namet; Pedestrians and Special VehiclesDateWords and Ideaspedestrians: Pedestrians are people who are using roadways and are not in vehicles.Pedestrians may be walking or running.vulnerable: To be vulnerable is to be easily hurt.moral: To be moral is to do the right thing.legal: To be legal is to follow laws.obligation: Your obligation is what you must do.moral and legal obligation: Your obligation is to protect pedestrians because it is theright and lawful thing to do.alley: This is a narrow street or passageway between buildings or other structures thatmay make it difficult to see pedestrians or moving vehicles.business districts: Business districts are areas where there are many stores and otherplaces of business.residential areas: Residential areas are areas where there are homes where people live.jogging areas: Jogging areas are places where many joggers-runners-workout.Business district Residential area Jogg~ng areaparking lot: This is a place with many spaces for vehicles to park.tight parking space: This is a very small parking spot. It is about the size of yourvehicle with very little room on the sides. It is hard to park in a tight parkingspace.secure: To secure your vehicle, lock all the doors and make sure the windows ared- closed before leaving your vehicle in a parking lot.c.-3sbacking out: To back out of a parking space is to exit the space in REVERSE.Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle Chapter 8 Sharing the Roadway 59

NameDatesnow plows: Snow plows are big trucks that remove the snow from the roadwaysSpecial-Purpose Vehicles- \-. , J.- -Snow plow Tractor CombineI'Crecreation vehicle: These are large vehicles used mainly for pleasure and travel.Examples are a van, motor home, camper, travel trailer, pickup truck, or sportutility vehicle.emergency vehicles: These are vehicles that respond to emergency situations. Theycarry police officers, fire fighters, paramedics, and other emergency personnel.sirens: Emergency vehicles have loud wailing sirens to warn drivers. Always pull tothe right and let emergency vehicles pass.Figure It OutRead the following statements, then circle the letter next to the correct answer.1. When you approach a school bus with yellow lights flashing, you shoulda. pass on the right.b. stop.c. wave to the students as you drive past.2. When an emergency vehicle with lights flashing approaches you, you shoulda. pull to the right.b. go faster and try to outrun the emergency vehicle.c. do nothing.Think About ItWrite True or False after each statement.1. Emergency vehicles use their sirens and lights only duringemergencies.2. When emergency vehicles go to an emergency, they always have theright of way.60 Chapter 8 Sharing the Roadway Unit 2 Controlling Your Vehicle

NameDate/\ \8.5 > Sharing the Road with TrucksJWords and Ideastrailer: This is a large transport container that is designed to be hauled by a truck.tractor trailer: This is a truck that has a tractor-cab and motor-that pulls aseparate trailer.tractor-semitrailer: This is a type of tractor-trailer that pulls one trailer; commonlycalled an "eighteen wheeler."no-zones: These are large blind-spot areas where truck drivers cannot see othervehicles.wind gust: When passing a large truck, you might experience a wind gust-arush of wind.suddenTypes of TrucksLight Medium HeavyUnit 2 Controlling Your VehicleChapter 8 Sharing the Roadway 61

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 9 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write the words on a sheetof paper, then write the meaning next to each word.\9,11 Adjusting to Urban Traffic'JWords and Ideasurban: An urban area is a city and the surrounding area.complexity: The complexity of a situation is how complex-howdifficult-it is.dense: Dense traffic is heavy traffic.involved orattention: Attention is thinking about something or listening carefully to someone.When you give your attention to driving, you think about what you are doing. Youwatch and listen for vehicles, pedestrians, and other distractions.Urban DrivingIU IUrban driving requires your full attention. There is heavy traffic, and there are many distractions.distraction: A distraction is something that takes your attention away. A radio,cellular phone, or other distractions take your attention away from driving.cellular phone: Cellular phones are phones that run off a battery and can be used invehicles. Do not use a cellular phone while driving.62 Chapter 9 Driving in Urban Traffic Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

~~ -NameDateFigure It Out: Driving DistractionsThe pictures below show distractions. Circle the ones that distract you fromdriving safely.1 1-Drink Food Loud music~Talking passenger-ig0 mDLUCWA Following and Meeting Traffic.\JWords and Ideasample space cushion: Ample means enough. A 3-second following distance providesan ample space cushion, enough space around your vehicle, for safe driving.following distance: This is the space between you and the vehicle in front of you.high-mount brake light: These brake lights are mounted higher on the vehicle thanthe rear brake lights located in the taillights. Usually high-mount brake lights arein the rear window.split-second glances: These are very quick looks to check on something.tailgate: To tailgate is to follow another vehicle too closely.tailgater: A tailgater is a driver who follows another vehicle too closely.flash your brake lights: Tapping your brake pedal causes the brake lights toflash-go on and off. Tap the brake pedal several times to warn the vehicle behindyou that you are planning to stop or slow down.impairment: An impairment is a weakness that may keep a driver from being able todrive safely.misjudge: To misjudge is to make wrong decisions or to judge a situation wrongly.last-second move: This is a quick and sudden move made at the last second, oftenunder pressure. You are driving past a row of cars. Suddenly, a car door opens infront of you. You must make a last-second move. You must quickly move awayfrom the car door to avoid hitting it.Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations Chapter 9 Driving in Urban Traffic 63

NameDatefailure: When something stops working the way it was meant to, there is afailure in the way it is working.mechanical failure: When the mechanical part of a vehicle stops working the way thepart was designed to, there is a mechanical failure. The transmission on Shira's carbroke. Her car will not run because of a mechanical failure.extra room: Give yourself extra room-more space-for driving in traffic in adverseweather conditions.double-parked vehicles: Vehicles that are parked beside other parked vehicles arcdouble parked.Think About ItLook at the picture below, then answer the questions in the space provided.1. Which vehicle is tailgating?2. Which vehicle is being tailgated?3. Which vehicle is in the most danger?Think About ItWrite Due or False after each statement. If the statement is false, change the part that is wrong. Makethe statement true.1. It is raining very hard. You should keep the same following distance as usual.2. You are in an unfamiliar neighborhood. You should slow down and look morecarefully for possible hazards.3. Someone is tailgating you. You should speed up to increase the distance betweenyou and the tailgater.64 Chapter 9 Driving in Urban Traffic Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

NameDatec.4;) Space Management in Urban TrafFicWords and Ideascover the brake: When you cover the brake,you take your foot off the accelerator andhold it over the brake pedal to be ready tobrake quickly.ride the brake: When you ride the brakc, yourest your foot on the brake. When you coverthe brake, make sure you do not ride thebrake.overtake: When you overtake a vehiclc, youpass that vehicle.carpool, carpooling: When several people go tothe samc place in the same vehicle, it iscalled carpooling. If you and two of yourfriends ride to school together, you have acarpool.carpool lanes: To help move rush-hour traffic,many cities have special lanes for carpools.Carpool laneThink About ItRead each of the following situations. On the line after each situation, write yes if youshould be col~ering your brake. Write no if you should not be covering your brake.1. You are driving down a street with parked cars on both sides. -- - -2. You are driving on an expressway. Traffic is moving smoothly. -3. You are driving on an expressway. In the distance, you see brake lights on the carsahead of you.4. You are driving on a city street. You see children playing near the street. -_Think About It: Riding Your BrakeWhy it is bad to ride your brakes'? - ---Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations Chapter 9 Driving in Urban Traffic 65

09.4 Special Urban SituationsWords and Ideasblind intersection: This is an intersection where something blocks your view.congested: Crowded streets that are clogged with traffic are congested streets.one-way street: This is a street where all traffic goes in the same direction.Figure It Out: One-Way StreetsLook at the picture below. Find four clues that tell you this is a one-way street. Writethe clues on the lines provided.66 Chapter 9 Driving in Urban Traffic Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 10 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Lookfor all the words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write the words on asheet of paper, then write the meaning next to each word.dm>> Characteristics of Rural Traffic\/Words and Ideasrural: Rural areas are in the country-farm areas and small communities.abruptly: Abrupt means sudden. To change abruptly is to change suddenly, withoutwarning.posted speeds: Posted spccds are the maximum-highest-speedsideal conditions.allowed undersafe speeds: Safc speeds are slower speeds, and should be used when conditions arcnot ideal.guardrail: A guardrail is a metal fence next to the road. Guardrails protcct drivers atsharp curves or where the road has steep sides. If a driver loses control of thevehicle, it will hit the guardrail and stop rather than go off the road.,' \40.2\ Using Basic Skills in Rural Areas\ \/'Words and Ideasadvisory speed signs: These are signs posted on a curve that advises a drivcr to use alower speed. The suggested speed is for idcal conditions.crest of a hill: The crest is the top of the hill. When you crest the hill, 1-you reach the top of it and just begin to go over.divided roads: Divided roads always have lanes of traffic moving inopposite directions separatcd in some way.median: This is an area of ground that separatcs traffic moving inopposite directions on a divided road.prevailing speed: This is the speed thc traffic is going. When enteringtraffic, accclerate quickly to the prevailing speed.crossover area: On multilane roadways, there are breaks in the median0- for vehicles to cross to the other side. These breaks are calledc-2 crossover areas.m3u UIUnit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations Chapter 1 0 Driving in Rural Areas 67

NameDateFigure It Out: When to Leave More SpaceSometimes you need to leave more space between your vehicle and the vehicleahead. Look at the pictures below. You are driving car 1. Each picture shows a timewhen you need to leave more than a 3-second following distance. Choose adescription from the following list, and write it under the correct picture.being tailgatedon a downhill slopewet pavementfollowing a truck68 Chapter 10 Driving in Rural Areas Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

- ANameDate+ (10.3 Passing and Being Passed on Rural Roads\/'Words and Ideassolid yellow lines: Solid yellow lines mark no-passing zones.PassingThink About It: Should I Pass?Read the following situations. For each situation, answer the question: Is it safe andlegal to pass? Write yes or no in the space provided.1. The vehicle in front of you is going very slowly. You are driving up a hill.2. You are driving behind a vehicle that is going very slowly. There is a solid yellowline to your left. -3. You are following a vehicle that is going very slowly. You are approaching arailroad crossing. - ___rPassing on Multilane Roads Without a MedianCheck all lanes going in your direction hefore you pass.- Make sure no vehicle will move into your front zone and take away your path oftravel.The vehicle you are going to pass should be going slower than you are.In general, if you pass a vehicle, you should be in the left lane.Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and SituationsChapter 10 Driving in Rural Areas 69

NameDate4 Rural Situations You Might EncounterWords and Ideastractor: Tractors in rural areas are vehicles used for pulling farm machinery.slow-moving vehicles: These are vehicles, such as tractors, that are unable to travelat highway speeds.dart: Animals may dart-bolt or jump quickly-into your path of travel.stragglers: Animals that stray or fall behind the group are called stragglers.Tractorrwildlife and Farm Animals, Y1 Wildlife and farm animals can be a driving hazard in rural areas. 1Think About ItRead the following questions, then circle the correct answers.1. When you see animals crossing the road, you shoulda. blow your horn and drive through them.b. stop and wait for them to pass.c. get out of your vehicle and chase them away.2. When approaching slow-moving vehicles, you shoulda. speed up and prepare to pass.b. slow down and prepare to pass when it is safe to do so.c. stay behind and follow the slow-moving vehicle until it turns off the road.70 Chapter 10 Driving in Rural Areas Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

NameDateSpecial Driving EnvironmentsWords and Ideasswitchbacks: These are turns in the road that bend sharply in the opposite direction.pull-out areas: These are special lanes to the right of the main travel lane onmountain roads for slower moving vehicles.runaway vehicle ramps: These are places on mountain roads for vehicles to safelyget out of trattic when their brakes cannot slow thcm enough when travelingdournhill.altitude: This is the elevation, or the height above ground.sluggish: When something is sluggish, it is slow to perform. Acceleration of yourvehicle can become sluggish in high altitudes.vapor: This is a gas that comes from a liquidvapor lock: Vehicle engines can experience vapor lock and will not start after drivingin the mountains. The liquid fuel has become a gas. If this happens to yourvehicle. allow the engine to cool before attempting to restart.sun glare: This is strong, bright sunlight, so bright that it hurts your eyessandstorms and dust storms: These are storms on the desert that lessen your drivingvisibility.flash flood: A flash flood is a sudden, unexpected rush of water that is verydangerous.Special Driving Environments0- csuZigzagging mountain road Straight desert road Mountain hillUnit 3 Driving in Different Environments and SituationsChapter 10 Driving in Rural Areas 71

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 1 1 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write the words on a sheetof paper, then write the meaning next to each word.$3 Characteristics of Expressway DrivingWords and Ideasaccess: Access is a way to enter.limited-access or controlled-access highway: These are highways that you can enteror leave only at an interchange. The interchanges are usually far apart.interchange: This is the place where an expressway connects with another road. Seethe pictures on page 222 of Drive Right.1______._______.___.~:-. ............... . . . ... .. . ... . ... . ... . .. . . . . . . . . .-.-.----.-..-...-..'7II.II 1I- .--..---.-..------......... . . .Cloverleaf interchangeheavy traffic: Heavy traffic is a large amount of traffic.experience: Experience is knowledge that you get from practice, a skill that you getfrom doing something.self-confidence: Self-confidence is feeling good about yourself and the knowledgeyou have learned something. When you have practiced and know how to dosomething, you feel good about it, and you have self-confidence. If you practicedriving, your self-confidence in driving will grow.concentrate: To concentrate is to pay close attention to something. It is to put all yourthoughts on one task. To concentrate on the driving task means to pay very closeattention to your driving. Think about driving and pay attention to the road.complacent: To be complacent about driving is to be too self-satisfied and relaxed tothe point that your driving skills become lazy.cooperate: To cooperate is to work together. Drivers who cooperate make drivingdecisions that are good for everyone around them.72 Chapter 11 Driving on Expressways Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

NameDate(1 1.2 \ Entering the Expressway/ CWords and Ideasexpressway guide signs: These signs tell you where the expressway entranceis and gives the route number and direction of the expressway.entrance ramp: This is the ramp leading onto the expressway.acceleration lane: This is the lane that permits drivers entering an expresswayto accelerate to the speed of expressway traffic.merge: To merge is to safely move into traffic.merging area: This is a part of roadway at the end of an acceleration lane onan expressway where vehicles join the flow of traffic.gap: A gap is the space between two or more things. A gap in traffic is a spacebetween vehicles.Expressway guide signThink About It: Entering an Expressway SafelyLook at the picture below, then list the five steps you will take to enter the expresswaysafely.5.Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations Chapter 11 Driving on Expressways 73

NameDate/i/\1.3 Strategies for Driving on Expressways\,/Words and Ideasstraddle lanes: To straddle lanes is to drive so that the vehicle coversthe lane line, with two wheels in each lane. When you straddlelanes, you are driving in two lanes at the same time. You shouldavoid straddling lanes.express lanes: Some expressways in large cities have express lanes. Theselanes have fewer exits and entrances and usually have less traffic.rear-end collision: A rear-end collision is when one car crashes into the backof another car traveling in the same direction.Car straddling a laneCollisions1 Rear-end collision Front-end collisionIcommon speed: This is the speed used by nlost of the drivers on an expressway.blend: To blend is to mix. To blend into traffic smoothly and safely means to jointraffic without causing others to stop or move around you.wolf packs: These are groups of vehicles traveling together on an expressway.loner: Take the safe way on the expressway and be a loner; separate yourself fromgroups of vehicles.Think About ItWrite True or False ncxt to each of the following statements.1. You should always signal a lane change, even when there are no cars behind you.2. When traffic is backed up, you are allowed to drive on the shoulder.3. During hazardous weather conditions, you may drive slower than the minimumposted speed on an expressway. pp74 Chapter 1 1 Driving on Expressways Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

Name-- Date/'\\ill .4,> Exiting Expressways,\/'Words and Ideasdeceleration lane: This expressway lane is used to slow your vehicle before you ex~tan expressway without blocking vehicles behind you.exit ramp: This is the lane that leads off the expressway.Figure It Out: ExpresswaysLabel the parts of the expressway in the picture below.,"'\,\/11 .y Special Expressway Problems\d'Words and Ideashighway hypnosis: Being drowsy or in a trance-like condition caused by driving on astraight road with few interruptions is called highway hypnosis.drowsy: To be drowsy is to be sleepy.velocitation: This is not realizing that you are driving too fast as a result of drivingC- for long periods at high speeds.B25r'9toll: A toll is the money you pay at tollbooths for using an expressway.exact change: Exact change is the exact amount of money in coi~ls. If a toll is $0.40,the exact change is 4 dimes or a quarter, a dime, and a nickel.attendant: This is a person who works in a tollbooth to collect your toll.Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations Chapter 11 Driving on Expressways 75

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 12 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Lookfor all the words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write each wordon a sheet of paper, then write the meaning next to the word.012.1 Reduced VisibilityWords and Ideasreduced visibility: When your visibility is reduced, your ability to see is less. Yourvisibility can be reduced by problems with your car's windows, time of day, andbad weather.moisture: Moisture is wetness. When something is moist, it is damp.front-window defroster: This is part of the heating system in your vehicle. Thewindow defroster sends warm, dry air to the windshield. The warm, dry air willremove frost and steam.rear-window defogger: These are small bands across the rear window that allow youto clear the rear window of frost and steam. This is often a separate switch on theinstrument panel.A/C Vent Off Heat Defrost0wI=uOOuOOUmI..mmmmCOOLWARMglare: To glare is to shine intensely and blindingly, When there is sun glare, yourvisibility is reduced.sun visor: Above the windshield on the driver's side and the passenger's side are pulldownsun visors. These will help shield your eyes from sun glare.low-beam headlights: When you turn on your headlights, they are airned low on theroadway and are low-beam.high-beam headlights: To see further ahead on a rural road, use high-beamheadlights that are aimed high on the roadway. Switch to low-beam when anoncoming car approaches you.flick your headlights: To flick means to turn on and off or to switch. You can flickfrom low-beam to high-beam headlights to signal to other drivers to use theirlow-beam headlights.overdriving headlights: Driving at a speed at which the part of the road lighted byyour headlights is not as far as the distance needed to stop your vehicle is calledoverdriving headlights.76 Chapter 12 Driving in Adversc Conditions Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

NameDateindustrial smoke: This is heavy smoke that is released into the air by factoriesand other plants. Industrial smoke can be very dense and dangerous to drivethrough because of the loss of visibility.Driving in Fog, Rain, and SnowUse low-beam headlights.Slow down.Look for any problems.Make your space cushion larger.If you pull off the road, use your hazard flashers.windshield wipers: Windshield wipers keep your vehicle windshield clear ofrain, sleet, and snow.wiper blades: The blades are the rubber edge on windshield wipers.wind-driven snow: This is snow that the wind blows across the road.slush: Wet, icy snow is called slush.blizzard: A blizzard is a very big snowstorm with strong wind and heavysnow. In most states, only emergency vehicles are to be driven duringa blizzard.head-on collision: A head-on collision is when two cars collide front-to-front.Wiper bladeFigure It OutLook at three different vehicles, and compare the hazard flashers and defrosters.Answer the following questions in the space provided.1. Locate the emergency flashers.Does it look the same in all three vehicles? -Is it in the same place in all three vehicles? - --2. Locate the defrost symbol.Does the symbol look the same in each vehicle?Is it in the same place in each vehicle? - -___-----Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions 77--

NameDate@? Reduced Traction'4Words and Ideashydroplaning: This occurs when your vehicle rides on top of water and the tires nolonger have contact with the road.combination: A combination is when two or more things are mixed together.standing water: Water that is not moving, such as a puddle, is standing water.tire chains: These are chains that fit around tires to give them more tractionon roads that are slippery because of snow. Chains may be required insome mountain roads when it snows.rocking a vehicle: If your vehicle gets stuck in deep snow, mud or sand, thisis a method to get out. Repeat the sequence of driving forward a little andthen back a little-rock the vehicle.Tire chainsIRocking back and forth to get out of the snowIspin: This is when the tires are turning, but the vehicle is not able to move in anydirection.sleet: This is a frozen rain; rain that is mixed with snow.squeeze: To squeeze your brakes is to step on them lightly until they just begin towork. This is a way to check traction on icy roads.overpasses: Overpasses are bridges or roads that pass over another road.black ice: This is ice that forms in thin sheets. Black ice is very difficult to see.marbles: These are small, round glass balls. Gravel can act like marbles underthe tires of your vehicle and cause skids.-0skid: When you skid your vehicle loses part or all of its grip on the road.fishtail: Fishtail is when the rear end of a vehicle slides from side to side.let up on the accelerator: Take your foot off the accelerator and reduce the pressurethat you are putting on the accelerator pedal.Marbles78 Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

NameDateThink About ItIn each of the following situations, decide tf you shoulda. press down on the accelerato~ to speed up, orb. let up on the accelerator to slow down, orc. step on the brake.1. You must drive through standing water. ___2. While driving on the expressway, you see ice patches on the road ahead.3. You enter a construction area and see sand in the road.4. You are in an over-power skid and begin to spin.Figure It OutLook at the chart on page 259 of Drh~e Right. In each situation, the cars are driving at20 mph. The number of feet tells you how long it takes each car to stop after braking.If you are driving on a snow-packed road and your tires have reinforced chains, it willtake you 38 feet to stop. Use the space provided to write your answers.Now use the chart to answer the following questions:1. On which road surface will it take the longest to stop?2. On which road do you have the best traction with conventional tires? ------ -----3. Compared to dry concrete, how many more feet do you need to stop on packedsnow with conventional tires?controlled braking: This is a method for reducing your speed as quickly as possiblewithout losing steering control of your vehicle.locking your wheels: When your wheels lock, they cannot roll, and the vehicle mayskid.Think About ItChoose the best answer to complete each sentence below..- 1. Using controlled braking when your wheels lock without ADS, you should03u LU a. ease up on your brake pedal and then squeeze the brakes.Cb. push down hard on the accelerator.rm C. push down hard on your brakes.0-ia82. If your vehicle has ABS and you need to stop suddenly, you shoulda. squeeze your brakes.b. push down hard on your brakes.c. use your emergency brake.Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions 79

NameDate43;Other Adverse Weather Conditions\Words and Ideasblast of wind: This is a sudden, strong wind.cross winds: These are winds that blow across your vehicle.tornado: This is a violent storm that produces funnel-like destructive winds.Cars in High WindsCar in crosswindCar being pushed by tail windscald: This is to burn by hot liquid or steam. The radiator in your vehicle containswater. When the engine overheats--gets too hot-the water may turn to steam. Ifyou open the radiator when the engine is hot, the steam will come out and scaldyou.racing the engine: This is stepping on the accelerator pedal to make the engine runfast while the car is not moving.stalled: Drivers who are stalled are drivers whose vehicles are not running due toadverse weather or mechanical conditions. Stalled vehicles may be in your path oftravel during severe storms.Think About ItWrite true or false next to each statement.1. You will need to make steering corrections for cross winds.2. If you see a tornado, stay in your car. .-3. If you are stuck in snow with your engine running, makc sure the exhaust pipe isnot blocked.4. When your car's engine is cold, you should race it.5. Winter driving is usually easier than summer driving.80 Chapter 12 Driving in Adverse Conditions Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 13 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write each word on a sheetof paper, then write the meaning next to the word./'\03.1\ Vehicle Malfunctions'\/Words and Ideasmalfunction: When something does not work well or it is broken, it malfunctions.wear: To wear is to show the result of use. As a tire rolls on the road, small bits of thetire come off. The tire wears down and loses its tread after a while. Worn tireshave little tread and do not grip the road well.unbalanced wheels: Wheels that might bounce because weights need to be addednear the tires are unbalanced wheels.alignment: This refers to the angle of the wheels on the axle. The wheels are alignedcorrectly if they are set at 90 degrees to the axle.unevenly: One part has more than another part. When tires wearunevenly, one part loses more tread than another part.blowout: This is a sudden flat tire while you are driving.fishtailing: This is the back and forth swerving of the rear of avehicle. If your vehicle has a blowout. it might fishtail.Aligned Wheelsjack: This is a hand-operated tool that is used to lift and hold up one corner or side ofthe vehicle.level area: This is flat ground, not uphill or downhill. When you change a tire. youmust be parked on a level area.Grip the steering wheel firmly.When Your Tire Blows OutTake your foot off the accelerator, but do not brake.Check traffic.Drive off the road slowly, braking gently.Turn on the hazard flashers. Drive slowly until you find a safe place--0 U1C 0L?a"0Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies 81

NameDatespare tire: The extra tire in the trunk of your vehicle-or attached to the backwith some vehicles-is called a spare tire. This tire can be used in case youhave a flat tire or a blowout. You should alnays have a good spare tire in yourvehicle.lug nuts: These are the devices that hold the wheel to the vehicle.lug wrench: This is the tool that you can use to take off the lug nuts.What You Need to Change a Tire1 Lug wrench Lug nuts Spare tireIbrake warning light: This is the light that comes on when part of your brakingsystem is not working.brake fade: This is when brakes don't work well. Brake fade is caused by overheatingof the brakes after long, continuous, hard braking.rotors: This is a mechanical part of the brakes.parking brake: This is a separate braking system from your main braking system.The parking brake holds your vehicle when it is parked. Some parking brakes arean extra foot pedal to the left side of the other pedals. Others are a lever you pullPedal parking brakeLever parking brake82 Chapter 13 Handling Emerge~lcies Unit 3 Driving in Different Environnlents and Situations

NameDateFigure It Out: Brake FailureWhat should you do in case of a total brake failure? You must follow four steps.Read the four steps below and add a number to show the correct order. If you needhclp, turn to page 270 in Drive Right.- A. Search for an open zone.- B. Downshift to the loulest gear.- C. Pump the brake pedal fast and hard.- D. Apply the parking brake hard. Hold the button at off or hold the release leverout.wadded: When something that should be flat is pushed together to keep it from layingflat, it is wadded.1Wadded paper Wadded floor matIflares: These emergency devices give off a bright, burning light to warn othermotorists a vehicle is stopped ahead.overheats: When an engine overheats, it gets too hot.fire extinguisher: This is a device containing chemicals that put out fires.rag: A rag is a piece of cloth.upholstery: This is the material that covers the vehicle's seats. Upholstery materialincludes cloth, vinyl, and leather.uFire extinguisherFigure It Out: Emergencies1. Column A list several emergency situations. Column B lists first steps you shouldtake in an emergency. Match the first steps to the situation. Write the correctanswers in the space provided.A: Emergencies B: First Steps1. tire blowout a. Hold the accelerator pedal to the floor.0 C-2. brake failure b. Shift gear to NEUTRAL.r^.-+. a3. stuck accelerator pedal c. Pump brake fast and hard.03D WC r3 4. engine failure d. Apply brakes.2a" 5. flooded engine e. Turn off air conditioner. Turn on heater.86. overheated engine f. Grip steering wheel firmly.Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies 83

NameDateThink About ItRead the statements below. Circle the letter next to the best answer.1. During any kind of vehicle malfunction, you shoulda. pull off the road immediately.b. use your hazard flashers, horn, and hand signals to let other drivers know your condition whileyou prepare to pull off the road safely.c. continue driving until you get to a phone or service station.2. If your car stops on the road and you cannot move it, you shoulda. turn on the hazard flashers, raise the hood, and wait in the car until help arrives.b. turn on the hazard flashers, raise the hood, get out of the car, and try to stop cars as they go by.c. turn on the hazard flashers, raise the hood, get out of the car, and walk to the nearest gas station.3. If your engine overheats, you shoulda. turn on the air conditioner.b. turn on the heater.c. roll down the windows./' \\,(j3.2)'~,,,'Driver ErrorsWords and Ideasdriver errors: These are mistakes that drivers make.drop-off: This is a sudden difference in the level of the road between a higherroad surface and a lower shoulder surface.countersteer: To countersteer is to steer in the opposite directionlast-second: This is at the last possibility; at the very last moment.swerve: To swerve is to turn the wheel sharply so the vehicle changes pathsquickly. You should only swerve in emergency situations when it is notsafe to stop.Drop-off,,"\d3.A Roadway Hazards\\ /'\/Words and Ideaspotholes: Holes in the roadway. Potholes can damage tires.equalize: This means to make equal. Once the pressure is equalized in a vehicle thathas gone into deep water, you can then open the door.brief: Brief means short, little. Exanzplc: Since we only had five minutes bcfore thegame started, the coach gave us a brief talk.to rescue: To rescue is to take someone away from dangerous situation and bring himor her to safety. Exemple: If you get trapped in your car underwater, someone mayhave to rescue you.rescuer: The person who rescues you and brings you to safety is a rescuer.84 Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies Unit 3 Driving in Different Envirorments and Situations

NamcDateThink About It1. List three weather conditions when you should drive more slowly and carefully.2. List three road conditions where you should drive more slowly and carefully.3. If you cannot avoid a pothole, why should you drive slowly over the pothole?Give two reasons.4. If you cannot open a window when your vehicle is in deep water. what shouldyou do?+c13.4) Collisionsv'Words and Ideasminimizing: Minimizing the effects of a collision is to do your best to lessen theimpact.witnesses: These are people who saw the collision and can report what happened.side-impact collision: This means getting hit on the side of your car.offense: An offense is an illegal action. For example, driving when you are drunk is avery serious offense.to aid: To aid means to help.paramedics: Paramedics are specially trained people who can give medical helpduring emergencies such as collisions or fires. Paramedics are not doctors, butthey know what to do during medical emergencies. Some paramedics are calledemergency medical techniciuns.! to administer: To administer means to give.C 0$ to note: To note means to write down to help you remember.W Dwitness: A person who saw something happen is a witness.maUnit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies 85

Name - Dateproof of financial responsibility: This is something that shows you can payfor damages. An insurance card is one way to show proof of hancialresponsibility.to notify: To notify means to let someor~e know, to tcll.promptly: Promptly means quickly.Figure It OutUse pages 253 and 283 in Dtive RigIzt to answer the questions.1. To get tnedical help, what number should you call in an emergency?-- -2. What are two of the first things you should do if you have a collision'?3. If you are in a collision, what information should you get frorn eachdriver involved in the collision? List five things.Think About ItWhich type of collision can cause the most serious injuries' Why?a6 Chapter 13 Handling Emergencies Unit 3 Driving in Different Environments and Situations

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 14 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write each word on a sheetof paper, then write the meaning next to the word.0-cUDluC 0Ea"G/' ,

NameDateintervene: To intervene is to come between or to interfere. When a driver isacting reckless and you intervene, you encourage the driver to let someoneelse drive.endanger: To endanger is to put at risk. Do not endanger your safety or the safety ofothers.potential: This is something that could happen. Always be aware of potential dangerswhen driving.habits: A habit is something we do over and over until we hardly even realize we aredoing it.gestures: Gestures are motions you make with your hands or other parts of your bodyto indicate something to someone.Think About It: Feelings and EmotionsBelow each picture write the word or words that best describe the emotion. Choosefrom the following list of words.anger excitement heated discussion depression88 Chapter 14 Effects of Driver Condition Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver

Name9 Physical Senses and Driving\DateWords and Ideasvisual acuity: This is your ability to see things clearly both near and far away.color-blindness: This is not being able to see some colors.tunnel vision: This is a narrow field of vision of 140" or less. Someone with tunnelvision can not see well to the sides.depth perception: This is the ability to judge distance between yourself and other objects.night blindness: This is not being able to see well at night.Use Your Senses I\USE YOUR SENSES,the game show that tests yourdriving knowledge. Our firstplayer is Carmen.OK. Carmen.I iWhichone of the senses do youuse most when you are driving?the difference--Correct! Now, if you answerthese next two questionscorrectly. Carmen, you get toplay our Speed Round.Do you know whatthat means? -I could win thatUnit 4 Being a Responsible Driver Chapter 14 Effects of Driver Condition 89

NameDateCentral vision i5 the arearly. Peripheral vision is the. . . the area on the left andrtght sides of yourOh, I am sorry. The correctanswer is not being able to seeclearly to the sides.It looks as if we're running out oftime. Carmen, thank you forcoming here today. Join u5 forour next show. And remenlbeUSE YOUR SENSES!glare: Glare is very bright light that makes it difficult to see wcll. Glare occurs whenbright sunlight or headlights are reflected off shiny surfaces.glare resistance: This is thc ability to continue seeing when looking at bright lights.glare recovery time: This is the time your eyes nccd to be able to see clearly afterbeing affected by glare.90 Chapter 14 Effects of Driver Condition Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver

NameDateThink About ItRead the following questions, then answer them in the space provided.1. Why is it harder to see at night?2. List three things you can do that can protect your eyes from glare.speed smear: This occurs when objects off to your sides appear blurred and unclearas your speed increases.multitask: Having to do more than one thing at a time is a multitask situationP

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chaptcr 15 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Lookfor all the words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write each wordon a shect of paper, then write the meaning next to the word.,\1' \(15.1,, Effects of Alcohol on Driving Safely\/'Words and Tdeasfatally injured: A fatally injured driver is a driver who dies as a result of a collision.abuse: Abuse is to use something on purpose in a wrong, harmful, or illegal way.Teens often abuse alcohol by drinking and driving.underage: Underage means younger than the legal age for doing something. All stateshave laws that say you must be 2 1 years old to drink alcohol. If you are youngerthan 2 1, you are underage for drinking alcohol.vigorously enforced: Laws that are vigorously enforced are laws that are strictly kept.If you are underage and caught drinking, you will be punished.rate: This is the number measured in proportion to (in comparison with) somethingelse. Drivers under age 2 1 are involved in fatal crashes because of drinking attwice the rate of drivers aged 21 and older.alcohol-impaired: Someone who is alcohol-impaired is someone whose abilities areweakened by alcohol.abstain: To abstain means to not do something. To abstain from drinking alcoholmeans to not drink.central nervous system: \'our central nervous system is your brain, spinalcord and nerves. This is the part of your body that controls how you act,move, and behave.anesthetic: Anesthetics cause total or partial loss of sensations from the nervesfor touch and other senses; they lessen your ability to function normally.mental skills: These are your thinking and reasoning skills.physical abilities: These are the abilities and actions of your body.euphoria: This is a false sense of well-being developed as a result of use ofalcohol or drugs.erratic: This means lacking consistency; wandering.distort: To distort is to twist out of a normal pattcrn. Alcohol distorts visionso that a pcrson does not see clearly.fixate: When your eyes fixate on something, they stare at it for a long time.inhibitions: Inhibitions are inner forces of personality that restrain or holdback one's itnpulsive behavior.reflex: A reflex is something your body does automatically. One's eye reflex-theability of eyes to adjust from darkness to light and froill light to darkness-isimpaired by alcohol.BrainSpinalcordCentral nervous system92 Chapter 15 Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Driving Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver

Name -Dateexcessive: This means too much. Excessive drinking is too much drinking,drinking until one's abilities are impaired.alcoholism: This is a disease in which a person cannot stop drinking and is addictedto alcohol.blood-alcohol concentration (BAC): This is the amount of alcohol in the blood.When a person drinks alcohol, the alcohol gets into the blood and is measured bythe percent of alcohol in the bloodstream. For legal purposes, a person with aBAC of 0.08 percent or more is considered intoxicated (drunk) and unable todrive safely. However, a smaller SAC can make a person unsafe to drive.intoxication: Intoxication is having too much alcohol in your bloodstream to drive.Someone who is intoxicated is drunk.proof: This describes the strength of alcohol (beer, wine, or liquor). The higher theproof, the stronger the alcohol.absorption rate: This is the rate at which alcohol is absorbed in-howinto-your body.fast it is takenoxidized: When something is oxidized, it is mixed with oxygen. When the alcohol inyour system is oxidized it is mixed with the oxygen in your body and thenremoved by the liver.designated driver: This is the person who is chosen to drive everyone home from aparty or other group event. The designated driver does NOT drink.Figure It Out: Fatal CrashesLook over the charts on pages 3 18 and 3 19 of Drive Right, then circle the rightanswer.1. If you have one beer, how many hours do you need to wait before driving?a. 5 to 7 hoursb. 112 hourc. 1 112 hours2. If you have 2 glasses of wine, how many hours do you need to wait beforedriving?a. 3 hoursb. 4 to 5 hoursc. 1 314 hoursUnit 4 Being a Responsible Driver Chapter 15 Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Driving 93

NameDate/A15.h Other Drugs and Driving\\/Words and Ideasover-the-counter (OTC) medicine: This is a drug you can buy at the store without aprescription.prescription: A written note from a doctor for medicine.pharmacist: A pharmacist is a person trained in drugs and medicines. Yourpharmacist can tell you about the effects of different medicines.prescription medicine: These are drugs that can be bought legally only when orderedby a doctor.depressant: This drug can slow down the central nervous system. Depressants areused to treat nervousness and high blood pressure. Alcohol is a depressant.stimulant: A stimulant is a drug that speeds up the central nervous system.amphetamines: These drugs are a type of stimulant.hallucinogens: These are illegal drugs that can cause a false sense of things.marijuana: This is an illegal drug that causes distortion in one's mental and physicalabilities.antihistamine: This is an over-the-counter medicine that is taken for colds andallergies. Antihistamines can cause drowsiness or have other side effects that mayimpair your ability to drive.synergistic: This describes the action caused by the mixing of two or moresubstances.Think About ItWrite True or False for each statement.1. Over-the-counter drugs can't impair (harm or weaken) your driving skills.2. Alcohol is not a drug.3. If you are not driving, it is OK to mix alcohol and other drugs.94 Chapter 15 Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Driving Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver

NameDateP(1 5.3. Traffic Laws Governing the Use of Alcohol'JWords and Ideasconsume: To consume is to eat or drink; to take into your body.consent: This means to agree.implied-consent law: Every state has this law which states that anyone who gets adriver's license autolnatically agrees to be tested for blood-alcohol content andother drugs if stopped for suspicion of drug use while driving.driving while intoxicated (DWI): This is an offense for driving while intoxicated.The level of intoxicatiorl in most states is a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.08 to0.10 percent.driving under the influence (DUI): This is an offense for driving while drinkingwhen a driver's blood-alcohol concentration is 0.05 percent or more.penalty, penalties: This is punishment. Penalties for DUI and DWI may includesuspension of your driver's license, fines, or prison terms.conviction: When you have been proven guilty of DUI or DWI, there has been aconviction.suspension: This means to take away for a certain period of time, or suspend.Suspension of your driver's license is a punishment for an offense such as DUI orDWI.revocation: This means to cancel, or to revoke. Revocation of your driver's licerlsemeans the loss of your driver's license as punishment for an offense, such asconviction of a DUI or DWI.fine: A fine is the alnount of money paid as a pcnalty for breaking the law.prison term: This is the amount of time someone stays in a prison or jail aspunishment for breaking the law.manslaughter: This is the killing of another person without meaning to hurt anyone.murder: This is the killing of another person with the intent to hurt someone.zero-tolerance law: Most states have zero-tolerancc laws that say it is illegal forpersons under the age of 21 to drive with any measurable amount of alcohol in theblood.intoxilyzer: This is a machine that tests a person's breath for blood-alcohol content.field sobriety test: These are on-the-spot, roadside tests that help an officer detectwhether a driver is sober or under the influence of alcohol or other drugs.nystagmus: This is an involulitary jerking of the eyes as a person gazes to the side.One type of field sobriety test determines when nystagmus begins.Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver Chapter 15 Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Driving 95

Name -DateWhat to Do If a Police Officer Stops YouSlow down.Pull to the rlght and stop in d safe place.Have your driver's license ready to show the officer.Stay In your car and wait for the officer to tell you what to do.Keep your hands where the officer can see them.Be polite, and answer the officer's questions honestly, ''~/15.4> Coping with Peer Pressure'\/'Words and Ideaspeer pressure: This is the influence that people of a similar age have over you andhow you behave.peer education: This is an organized program in which young people help otheryoung people make decisions and determine goals.It's not really a good idea.We could get intoa lot of trouble.don't like drinking.If you decide to join us,we'll be at the 5:30 show.3. Suggest alternatives.96 Chapter 15 Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Driving Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 16 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Lookfor all the words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write each word on asheet of paper, then write the meaning next to the word.v./"1/16 Buying a VehicleWords and Ideasjustify: This means to have a good reason for doing something. If you want to buy acar, your parents may ask you to justify why you need one. They want to heargood reasons why you feel you need a car.expense: This is the cost of something. The expense of your car is how much it costsyou to own it.depreciation: The decrease in the valuc of a vehicle over time is the depreciation.insurance: This is a contract from an insurance company that promises to pay someor all of a vehicle owner's expenses if the vehicle is damaged or causcs damage.annual: This means yearly. Your annual operating costs for your vehicle arc all thecosts for one year.loan: This is money you borrow from a bank or other lender.borrow: This is to get something from another person with the understanding that theitem is to be given back. You can borrow money from a bank to buy a vehicle.loan interest: This is the amount of moncy you pay for borrowing money. Theinterest on a loan is a percentage of the amount you borrowr. When you pay themoney back to the lender, you pay the money you borrow, plus the interest.cargo: The cargo in your vehicle includes all the things you might carry, such ascamping gear or sports equipmcnt.gas mileage: The gas mileage is the number of miles a vehicle travels for each gallonof gas it uses (miles per gallon). Smaller vehicles usually get better gas mileagethan larger vehicles.parcel: This is a package or a box of things.optional: Optional means by choice. Optional equipment on a car is equiprncntthat is not included in the original selling price.leasing: This is an alternative to buying a vehicle. This is when you pay a certainU-.= amount every month for a set amount of timc. You do not own the vehicle.c.-W '0value: This is what something is worth.warranty: This is a written contract that guarantees that the seller will makeza" certain repairs for a stated period of time. Parcels@blue-book price: This is the average market value for a specific model and age ofa vehicle.Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver Chapter 16 Responsibilities of Owning a Vehicle 97

NameDateodometer: This tells the number of miles a vehicle has traveled.radiator: This is the part of the engine that holds the coolant, the liquid used to cooloff the engine. The uadiatou cup covers the opening of the radiator.10 203040 506070 80\L\ \ \ I 1, ///LMwOdometerIRadiatorIhose: This is a rubber tube in the vehicle that is used to carry water, gas, and otherliquids.cable: This is a tube that carries wires. A battery cable sends electrical currentthrough wires to start your vehicle.test drive: Before you buy a vehicle, drive it around so that you can see if the vehicleworks thc way it should. This drive is called a test drive. When you test drive, youalso find out if you are conlfortable in the vehicle.owner's manual: This is the book that colncs with a vehicle to tell the owner how tomaintain the vehicle and how everything on the vehicle works.Figure It Out: Under the HoodWhen you want to buy a used vehicle, you should check these items under the hood.Write the correct name for each iten1 under its picture. Choose from the following list.radiator battery fan battery cables98 Chapter 16 Responsibilities of Owning a Vehicle Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver

NameDate0-0rn0v 3W/\//K, d16.1) Insuring a VehicleWords and Ideasfinancial responsibility law: This law requires you to prove that you can pay fordamages you cause that result In death, injury, or property damage.premium: This is the specific amount of money you pay for insurance coverage overa specified period of time.policy: A policy is a written contract between an insured person and the insurancecompany that explains the terms of the insurance coverage.liability insurance: This insurance provides money to another person because ofinjury or damage you cause.bodily-injury insurance: This protects the driver who is at fault in a collision againstall claims for injury to other people.claims: This is a formal request for payments related to injuries to other people ordamage to property belonging to others.property-damage insurance: This protects the driver who is at fault in a collisionagainst claims for damages to another person's property, up to specified limits.medical payment insurance: This insurance pays medical and funeral expenses forpeople injured or killed in an insured vehicle that is in a collision.no-fault insurance: This covers an insured person's losses and expenses associatedwith the collision regardless of who is at fault.collision insurance: This provides coverage to pay the costs of repair or replacementof your vehicle, less selected deductible.deductible: This is the amount you agree to pay toward the repair or replacement ofyour vehicle. The amount of the deductible is stated in your insurance policy.comprehensive insurance: This provides coverage for replacement or repair of yourvehicle for damage caused by something other than a collision.uninsured motorist insurance: This covers costs for damage or injury to you andyour passengers if you are struck by another vehicle whose driver has noinsurance.underinsured motorist insurance: This covers the costs that another person'sinsurance company does not pay as a result of a collision.assigned-risk insurance: This provides bodily injury and property damage liabilitycoverage to high-risk drivers whose insurance policy has been canceled. High-riskdrivers pay a much higher premium than what low-risk drivers pay.Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver Chapter 16 Responsibilities of Owning a Vehicle 99

NameDateFigure It Out: Insuring a VehicleIn the box below, cross out the words or terms that do not belong with the idea of carinsurance. Look at pages 342-346 in Drive Right if you need help.Vehicle Insurancepremium loan financial responsibilityinterest liability uninsured motoristwarranty claims property damageprincipal driver high-risk driver depreciation\./'46.h Environmental ConcernsWords and Ideasemissions: Emissions are something sent out into the air. The emissions that comefrom your vehicle's exhaust pipe are made of gases that can harm theenvironment.pollutants: These are wasteful materials or fumes that harm the air we breathe andthe land on which we live.emits: This means to give sut or to send out. Your vehicle emits gases.emission inspection: An emission inspection is a test that measures the harmful gasesyour vehicle emits when it burns fuel. Your vehicle burns fuel whenever theengine is running.ozone layer: The ozone layer is a layer of gas high in the sky. It shields Earthfrom the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays.hazardous substances: These are substances that are harmful to humanbeings.dispose: This means to throw away or get rid of.mass transportation: This is a way to move large numbers of peopletogether from place to place. Busses, trains, and transit systems are usedfor mass transportation.car pooling: When several people share a ride to one or more places in onecar, it is called a car pool.van pooling: When several individuals share a ride to one or more places inone van, it is called van pooling.solar-powered vehicle: This vehicle uses the light from the sun and turns itinto electrical power to make it run.Ozone layer100 Chapter 16 Responsibilities of Owning a Vehicle Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 17 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Look for allthe words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write each word on a sheetof paper, then write the meaning next to the word.cWords and Ideas17.i) Maintaining the Power Systemsmaintain: This means to keep in good repair, to take care of.powerplant: The powerplant of your vehicle is the engine or motor that generates power.transmission: This is a mechanism in a vehicle that carries power from the engine tothe drive wheels.drive shaft: In rear-wheel vehicles, there is a long metal tube that is turned by thetransmission that carries power to the differential. This is the drive shaft.differential: This is the arrangement of gears at the rear of the vehicle that allows onewheel to revolve faster than the opposite wheel during turns.transaxle: This is a device in a front-wheel drive vehicle that carries power to thefront wheels by two half shafts.alternator: This is the device that produces an electrical current needed to rechargethe battery and operate electrical equipment in a vehicle.charged battery: A charged battery is one that works; a charged battery giveselectricity.dead battery: A dead battery does not give electricity; a dead battery is one that doesnot work.jump start: This is to start a battery with jumper cables. When you jump start abattery, you charge a dead vehicle battery by connecting it to a charged vehiclebattery, arid starting the first vehicle with the charged battery. The photo on page359 in Drive Right shows a car being jump started.jumper cables: These are electrical cable (wires) used to jump start dead vehiclebatteries.vent caps: These are the small plastic caps on some car batteries. These caps come offso you can check your battery fluid. Some vehicle batteries are sealed and do nothave vent caps.0Jumper cablesUnit 4 Being a Responsible Driver Chapter 17 Maintaining Your Vehicle 101

NameDateidle: When the engine 1s running, but the cehicle is not it gear, it is in idle.oil pump: This is a device that forces oil from the oil pan to parts of the engine thatneed lubrication.radiator: This is the part of the cooling system that holds the coolant.water pump: This is part of the cooling system that pulls coolant from the radiatorand forces it-pumps it-through the engine's cooling passages.thermostat: This is part of the cooling system that opens or shuts at a certaintemperature to control the flow of coolant to the radiator.carburetor: This is an engine part that mixes air and gasoline and sends it as a mistfor combustion in the engine cylinders.fuel-injection system: This is a fuel-combustion system (replacing a carburetor) inwhich the exact amount of fuel-air mist is pumped under pressure to the enginecylinders.catalytic converter: This is the part of a vehicle's emission system that convertsharmful gases into less harmful gases and water.muffler: This is a device that reduces the noise from combustion sounds in theengine.,'\\.\17.v Maintaining the Control Systems'\\/Words and Ideaspower steering: This system uses a hydraulic pump and fluid to make steering easier.master cylinder: This is a device in the brake system from which brake fluid isforced to the wheel cylinders when a driver steps on the brake pedal.disk brake: This is part of the brake system that works as fluid pressure forces thepads against the sides of the rotating disk inside the wheel.drum brake: This is part of the brake system that works as fluid pressure forces thebrake shoes against the hollow cylinder drum inside the wheel.parking brake: This is a separate braking system with a lever or special pedal used tohold a parked car in place.belted tire: This is a tire that has special layers added around the tire for improvedstrength, performance, and mileage.radial tire: This is a tire that has layers that run straight across under the tire treadand strengthening belts of steel or other materials that circle the tire.102 Chapter 17 Maintaining Your Vehicle Unit 4 Being a Responsible Driver

NameDateThink About ItWrite your answers to the following questions in the space provided.1. Find the alternator light in your vehicle. What does it mean when this light comeson?2. Find the oil pressure warning light in your vehicle. What does it mean when thislight comes on?3. Find the brake-warning light in your vehicle. What does it mean when light comeson?P \(17.3.:. Preventive Maintenance\'\i'Words and Ideaspreventive maintenance: Preventive maintenance is regular care and attention to yourvehicle to keep it working well.routine: Routine means regular and ordinary. Routine checks of your vehicle involvechecking things in a regular way each time you drive.state vehicle inspections: To help protect the environment from vehicle emissionsand for safety purposes, some states require periodic vehicle inspections. Safetyinspections may detect serious safety defects that you will have to correct.Emissions inspections may detect unlawful emissions that you will have tocorrect.calculating: To calculate is to figure. When calculating miles per gallon, you arefiguring how many miles your vehicle goes on a gallon of gas.-engine management system: This is a computerized system that monitors and adjusts.- c the fuel, ignition, and emission systems.mUnit 4 Being a Responsible Driver Chapter 17 Maintaining Your Vehicle 103

NameDateLearning New WordsTake a look at Chapter 18 to familiarize yourself with the topics covered. Lookfor all the words in dark print. These are the vocabulary words. Write each wordon a sheet of paper. then write the meaning next to the word./'\(18.i)\,,'Local TravelWords and Ideasdestination: Your destination is where you are going; the end of your trip.smooth: Smooth driving is driving that is easy and relaxed.,/' '\~18.2, Long-Distance Travel\//Words and Ideasmap: A map is a drawing of roadways, cities, towns, and other areas of interest for astate or country. You can use a map to help you plan a route to take from onepoint to another.legend: This is a chart that explains the markings and symbols used on a map.mileage: This is the distance in miles between two places.mileage chart: This is a chart on a map that shows the distance between two cities.coordinates: Coordinates on a map are letters on one side and numbers on anotherside that help you locate a place on the map.travel guides: These booklets give you information about a specific area. Informationmay include lists of places to stay and eat and points of interest to tourists.peak season: Peak seasons are when a particular place gets most of the tourists.Florida's peak season is in the winter when people from the northern states travelsouth for a break from winter weathcr.navigating: This is following a route by reading a map.Think About ItUse the map on page 38 1 of Drive Right to answer each of the following questions.1. What route would you take to go from Hampton to Saluda?2. Use the map scale to find out the number of miles between Williamsburg andNewport News.3. 1Jse the colored numbers to find the distance between Tappahannock and Saluda.-104 Chapter 18 Planning Your Travel Unit 4 Being a 'Responsible Driver

NameDaterent: To rent is to pay for using. A rental vehicle is one that you pay to use fora short period of time.orient: To orient yourself is to make yourself familiar with something. Always orientyourself with a rental car before driving it./'\e>Special VehiclesWords and Ideasrecreation: Recreation is to have fun, play.trailer hitch: This is something used to attach a trailer to a car or truck.safety chains: This is a chain connecting a trailer to a vehicle as a backup link in casethe trailer hitch fails.Recreational VehiclesCamperMotor homeCar pulling a traileru C--0c-30 WCV)Lmh,aUnit 4 Being a Responsible Driver Chapter 18 Planning Your Travel 105

ability, 25abruptly, 67absorption rate, 93abstain, 92abuse, 92accelerate, 20, 32acceleration lane, 73accelerator, 20access, 72accessory, 19active restraint device, 42adjust, 2 1administer, 85adverse weather, 57advisory speed limits, 12advisory speed signs, 67aggressive, 87aid, 85air bag, 19, 42alcohol-impaired, 92alcoholism, 93alert, 55alignment, 8 1allcy. 59alternator, 10 1alternator warning light, 18altitude, 71amphetamines, 94amplc space cushion, 63analyze, 25anesthetic, 92angle parking, 48annual, 97anticipate, 56antihistamines, 94antilock braking system, 19anxiety, 87approaching traffic, I Iassess, 87assigned-risk insurance, 99assumptions or expectations, 87attendant, 75attention, 62attitude, 7avoid. 47backing out, 59backup lights, 22106 Indexbald tire, 37bank, 39banked curve, 38basic speed law, 12battery, 18belted tire, 102black ice, 78blasi of wind 80blend 74blind intersection, 66blind-spot areas, 20blizzard, 77blood-alcohol concentration (BAC). 93blowout, 37, 81blue-book price, 97bodily-injury insurance, 99borrow, 97brake fade. 82brake warning light, 82braking distance. 40brief, 84broader, 46bumper, 49business districts, 59cable, 98calculating, 103car pooling, 100carbon monoxide, 9 1carburetor, 102cargu, 97carpool lanes, 65carpool, 65carpooling, 65catalytic converter, 102cellular phone, 62center of gravity, 34central nervous system, 92central vision, 29charged battery, 10 1check, 11circulate, 17claims, 99closed Lone, 27clutch, 24clutch pedal, 20collision, 7collision insurance, 99color codcd 16color-blindness, 89

combat, 91combination. 78combine actions, 32commentary driving, 33common speed 74compensate, 9 1complacent, 72complexity, 62comprehensive insurance, 99compromise space, 32concentrate, 72conflict, 25congested. 66consent, 95console, 19construction zone, 12consume, 95control, 34controlled-access highway, 72controlled braking, 79controlled intersection, 5 1controlled railroad crossing, 52conviction, 95coolant, 17cooperate, 72coordinates, 104coordination, 49countersteer, 84courteous driver. 6cover the brake, 65creep, 43crest of a hill, 67critical clues, 25cross winds, 80crossbuck, 54crossing guard, 12crossover area, 67crosswalk, 11crucial, 55cruise control, 19cruise, 192 curve, 38c^cycle, 510u 32D2 dart, 70adead battery, I 01decelerate, 32decelerat~on lane, 75decide. 6, 32deductible, 99defensive driving, 7delayed green light, 52dense, 62depreciation, 97depressant, 94depression, 87depth perception, 89designated driver, 93destination, 104diagonally, 48differential, 101disabled, 32disk brake, 102dispose, 100distort, 92distract, 87distraction, 62divided roads, 67double, 36double-parked vehicles, 64drained 18drive shaft, 101driver errors, 84driver's license, 5driving task, 6driving under the influence (DIJI), 95driving while intoxicated (DWI), 95drop-off, 84drowsy, 75drum brake, 102Eearphones, 58efficient, 8emergency vehicles, 54, 60emission inspection, 100emissions, I00emits, 100emotion, 87endanger, 88energy of motion, 34engine management system, 103entrance ramp, 73equalize, 84erratic, 92euphoria, 92evaluate, 31exact change, 75excessive, 93execute, 6, 32ex~t ramp, 75Index 107

expense, 97experience, 3 1. 72express lanes, 74expressway guide signs, 73extra room, 64failure, 64fatally injured, 92fatigue, 87fender 49field of vision, 29field sobriety test, 95financial responsibility law, 99fine, 95fire extinguisher, 83fire hydrants, 16fishtail, 78fishtailing, 8 1fixate, 29, 92flares, 83flash, 48flash flood 71flash your brake lights, 63flashing signal, 14flick your headlights, 76following distance, 63force, 34force of impact, 41foresee, 3 1frequently, 55fresh green light, 5 1friction, 37front-window defroster, 76fuel consumption, 8fuel-efficient, 8fuel injection, 23fuel-injection system, 102full, 11full-privilege license stage, 9fumes, 91gap, 54,73gas mileage. 97gauge, 17generate, 18gestures, 88glare, 76. 90glare recovcry time, 90glare resistance, 90108 Indexgoggles, 56graduated driver licensing program, 9gravel, 30gravity, 34groove, 37ground viewing, 29guardrail, 67guide sign, 10habit, 25, 88hallucinogens, 94hand signals, 46hand throttle, 56handicapped parking, 16handling traits, 56hand-operated brakes, 58hand-over-hand steering, 46hazardous substances, 100hazards, 25head restraints, 20head-on collision, 77heavy traffic, 72helmet, 56high-beam headlights, 19. 76high-mount brake light, 63highway hypnosis, 75highway transportation system (HTS), 4hose, 98hydroplaning, 37, 78ideal, 12identify, 6, 25idle, 102ignition switch, 19impact. 41impairment, 63implied-consent law, 95indicators, 17industrial smoke. 77infectious, 87inflated, 21inhibitions, 92injury, injuries, 20inspect, 2 1instrument panel, 17insurance, 97interchange, 72intermediate license stage, 9international symbols, 13

intersection, 10intervene, 88intoxication, 93intoxilyzer, 95IPDE Process, 6irresponsible, 87jack, 81jerk, 43jogging areas, 59joining traffic, 54judgment, 3 1jump start, 10 1jumper cables, I0 1justify, 97lane change maneuvers, 46lane signal, 15last-second 84last-second move, 63learner's permit stage, 9leasing, 97legal, 59legend 104let up on the accelerator, 78level area, 81lever, 19liability insurance, 99limited-access highway, 72line of sight, 27loan, 97loan interest, 97location, 53locking your wheels, 79loner, 74low-beam headlights, 76lug nuts, 82lug wrench, 82.- 0maintain, 101Sw" major share of responsibility, 55major, 55malfunction, 810maneuver, 47manslaughter, 95manual transmission, 24map, 104marbles, 78marijuana, 94mass transportation, 100master cylinder, 102maximum, 12mechanical failure, 64median, 67medical payment insurance, 99mental skills, 92merge, 73merging area, 73midblock, 47mileage chart, 104mileage, 104minimize a hazard, 32minimizing, 85minimum, 12misjudge, 63moisture, 76moped, 58moral, 59moral and legal obligation, 59motor scooter, 58motorcyclist, 55muffler, 102multitask, 91murder, 95natural laws, 34nausea, 9 1navigating, 104night blindness, 89no-fault insurance, 99note, 85notify, 86no-zones, 61nystagmus, 95obligation, 59odometer, 17, 98odorless, 91offense, 85offset position, 57oil pump., 102oil stain, 2 1one-way street, 66open zone, 27operate, 34optional, 97Index 109

orderly, 28orderly visual search pattern, 28orient, 105overdriving headlights, 76overhead 30overheats, 83overinflation. 37overpasses, 78oversteer, 43oversteering, 32overtake, 55, 65over-the-counter (OTC) medicine, 94owner's manual, 98oxidi~ed 93ozone layer, 100parallel, 49parallel parking, 49paramedics, 85parcel, 97park, 48parking brake, 82, 102parking lot, 59passive restraint device, 42path of travel. 27pcak season, 104pedal, 20pedestrian signal, 15pedestrians, 59peer education, 96peer pressure, 87, 96penalty, penalties, 95perceive, 39perception distance, 40perception time, 40perform, 34per~pheral vision, 29perpendicular parking, 48personal reference point, 48pharmacist, 94physical abilities, 92physical disabilities, 91point-of-no-return, 50policy, 99pollutants, 100posted speeds, 67potential, 88pothalec, R4power I~nes, 50power steering, 102powerplant, 10 1predict, 6, 25premium, 99prescription, 94prescription medicine, 94press, 22, 29pressure, 17prevailing speed 67preventive maintenance, 103prison term, 95procedure, 2 1proceed, I Iprohibited, 52promptly, 86proof. 93proof of financial responsibility, 86property-damage insurance, 99protect, 7protected left turn, 5 1protective equipment, 56pull-out areas, 71puncture, 37push-pull steering, 46racing the engine, 80radial tire, I02radiator, 98, 102rag, 83rage, 87railroad crossing, 13rate, 92react. 87reaction distance, 40reaction time, 40reading traffic situations, 25rear-end collision, 74rear-window defogger, 76recheck, 53reckless, 87recreation, 105recreation vehicle, 60reduced visibility, 76reenter, 47reference point, 48reflective tape, 57reflectors, 57reflex, 92refrain, 87regulatory slgn, 10release, 19110 Index

ent, 105repair, 29rescue, 84rescuer, 84reserved, 16resjdential areas, 59responsibility, 7restraint device, 42restriction, 27restrictions, 58revenge, 87revocation, 95ride the brake, 65right angle, 48right of way, I0right-turn-on-red 1 5risk, 4risk factors, 25roadway markers, 16roadway markings, 16roadbay surface, 30roadway users, 4rocking a vehicle, 78rotors, 82route, 13routine, 103rumble strips, 16runaway vehicle ramps, 7 1rural, 67rush hour, 15safe speeds, 67safe-driving memory bank, 31safety chains, 105sandstorms and dust storms, 7 1scald 80scanning, 29school zone, 12searching ranges, 29secure, 59select~ve, 33selective seeing, 29self-confidence, 72U1'o separatc the hazards. 32rset, 22@ share, 55shared left-turn lane, 16, 47shift indicator, 22shoulder, 49, 57side effect, 9 1side-impact collision, 85sirens, 60skid, 78skidding, 30skills, 6sleet. 78sliding, 30slow-moving vehicles, 70sluggish, 7 1slush, 77Smith System, 7, 26smoke residue, 9 1smooth, 43, 104snow plow, 60solar-powered vehicle, 100solid yellow lines, 69sorrow, 87space cushion, 32spare tire, 82speed, 3 1,4 1speed limit signs, 12speed smear, 9 1spin, 78split-second glances, 63square, 39square of a number, 36squeeze, 78stability, 34, 56stable, 39stale green light, 5 1stall, 24stalled, 80standard reference point, 48standing water. 78startle, 87state vehicle inspections, 103steer, 32stimulant, 94STOP sign, 11straddle lanes, 74stragglers, 70straight, 43straighten, 48strcssful, 87sun glare, 71sun visor, 76supplemental, 42suspension, 95swerve, 57, 84switchbacks, 7 1synergistic. 94lndex 111

tailgate, tailgater, 55, 63tank, 17tape, 57target, 22target area, 27temperature, 3 7test drive, 98thermostat, 102through lane, 30through street, 5 1tight parking space, 59tire chain, 78toll, 75tornado, 80total stopping distance, 39traction, 3 1, 37tractor, 70tractor trailer, 6 1tractor-semitrailer, 6 1traffic arrows, 1 5traffic circle, 50traffic control officer, 15traffic controls, 30traffic jams, 9 1traffic signal, 14trailer, 6 1trailer hitch, 105transaxle, 10 1transmission, 10 1travel guides, 104tread, 37tricycles, 58triple, 36tunnel vision, 89turnabout, 47twice, 36two tons, 34understeering, 32unevenly, 8 1uninsured motorist insurance, 99unprotected left turn, 5 1upholstery, 83urban, 62U-turn, 47value, 97van pooling, 100vapor, 7 1vapor lock, 7 1vehicle, 5vehicle code, 5velocitation, 75vent caps, 101vigorously enforced 92visible, 57visual, 28visual acuity, 89vulnerable, 59wadded, 83warning sign, 10warranty, 97water pump, 1 02wear, 8 1weave, 43whiplash, 20wind gust, 61wind-driven snow, 77windshield wipers, 77wiper blades, 48, 77witness, 85wolf packs, 74unbalanced wheels, 8 1uncontrolled intersections, 52uncontrolled railroad crossing, 54underage, 92underinflation, 37underinsured motorist insurance, 99understeer, 43yield 10yielding the right of way, 54zzero-tolerance law, 95zone, 27Zone Control System, 7, 27112 Index