ORAL - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering

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2.2. Construction of Sensor NetworkField Server and weather station of eKo (Crossbow Technology Inc., ES2000 WeatherStation Suite) collect field representative value such as ambient temperature, humidity,amount of sunlight and precipitation, while sensors attached to each sensor node acquire theproperty value including soil information. In order to utilize the convenient soil moisturesensor Watermark of eKo, we compared it with TDR and showed how to install the sensor atthe orchard in Fig. 2 (Irmak et al., 2006).We showed the demonstration experiment for achieving the agro-environmental monitoringconsidering plant physiology and farmer’s stance by utilizing Field Server and wirelesssensor network eKo developed for agricultural use. In concrete terms, we implemented theconstruction of sensor network for long-term and stable operation including the optimumplacement of sensor nodes, the optimum installation of sensors and the modification of thegateway.2.3. Development of Web ApplicationThe development of software is very important for supporting farmers to make decision incultivation management. Nowadays, most of the devices come with unique software.However, there are critical issues in the software such as the limitation of function for dataanalysis, less utility, installation in each computer and installation time. These issues arise asa consequence of the device oriented architecture. However, demands should be consideredfirst to solve the issues. Therefore, new software design concept, which is user-oriented andcomprehensive, and the development of software as a web application that providesguideline and information visually are absolutely imperative. Fig. 3 shows the outline of thedata Integration on the web page.FIGURE 3: Data integration on the web pageFarming supervisors and experienced farmers often apply the data provided by weatherradars and the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) for cultivation.However, AMeDAS does not cover all local areas, and even if it covers the area, availabledata for cultivation is limited. Therefore, the web page development using the data acquiredby Field Server and weather station of eKo that enables users to browse and download datawas carried out based on weather observation statistics of Japan Meteorological Agency.
Additionally, modification of the software for Field Server data that indicates latest sensorvalue and image and past data stored in the database was implemented. Furthermore, thedata acquired by each sensor node was organized to satisfy various requirements and webpages that provide graphic representations and display the latest sensor value weredeveloped. In detail, the data collected by weather station was packed as agrometeorologicaldata, and data measured by each soil moisture sensor and precipitation obtained by weatherstation were packed for the purpose of supporting irrigation management.3. Results and Discussion3.1. Sensor Nodes Allocation and Data Acquisition ProgramIt was decided to set up sensor nodes at three critical points where it becomes an irrigationindex for cultivation management, and the points were selected according to the soilmoisture distribution map based on the research on TDR soil moisture measurements oforchards shown in Fig.4(a) (Fujita et al., 2011). Fig. 4(b) shows the installation of sensornodes at mandarin orange farm at Kanayama Pilot in Kumano city, Mie-pref. Japan (N:33°51’ 47.97’’, E: 136°03’ 23.29’’) (Togami et al., 2011a). Considering the sufficient capabilityof communication range, the base radio and sensor nodes were placed about 3 m aboveground which is higher than mandarin orange trees. Four nodes were placed at the points asis described shown in Fig. 4(b). We implemented the construction of sensor network for longtermand stable operation including the optimum placement of sensor nodes, the optimuminstallation of sensors and the modification of the gateway. In the experiment, it was shownthat four sensor nodes were able to cover the area of about 1 ha with stable communications.(a) Soil Moisture Distribution Map(b) Allocation of Field Server andSensor NetworkFIGURE 4: Mandarin orange farm at Kanayama Pilot (N: 33°51’ 47.97’’, E: 136°03’ 23.29’’)The developed program of eKo data acquisition enabled to minimize data loss, which is,even if the master server breaks down, the data stored in the slave server remains. Moreover,internet security problem was alleviated because of the application of the Linux box andgeneral operating system. Furthermore, accessibility to the data and data-handling wereimproved due to the construction of the database server. In addition, the construction of the
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