Children's Needs â Parenting Capacity - Digital Education Resource ...
Children's Needs â Parenting Capacity - Digital Education Resource ... Children's Needs â Parenting Capacity - Digital Education Resource ...
92 Children’s Needs – Parenting Capacitythere is a stable home with adequate financial resourcesthe child has a friend, relative or other responsible adult in whom they canconfidethe parents have the capacity to be effectivethere are strong bonds with the local community or there is communityinvolvement.(Hill et al. 1996; Kroll and Taylor 2003; Cleaver et al. 2007; Velleman and Reuber2007; Velleman 2009a)Many of these factors also apply to the impact of parental learning disabilities onchildren. For example, key to children’s safety and the promotion of their welfareis:a lack of family violencethe presence of a non-abusive partner in the householdother responsible adults, such as grandparents, involved in child careon-going support and training to enable parents to react appropriately totheir child’s changing needs and circumstances as they grow upparents with the capacity to act effectively in relation to themselves and theirchildrencommunity supporta stable home and adequate financial resources.(Booth and Booth 1996; Cleaver and Nicholson 2007)A child’s ability to cope with adversity is not the result of a specific factor or copingmechanism (Little et al. 2004; Collishaw et al. 2007; Jaffee et al. 2007). What isof importance is that children have developed the necessary strengths, which willenable them to find ways to cope with different situations.Key building blocks for developing resilience in children and parents come from asense of security, a recognition of self-worth and the experience of control over one’simmediate environment.(Parrott et al. 2008)Velleman and Templeton (2007) raise a few notes of caution in relation toresilience. They argue that the processes that allow children and young people tobecome resilient to parental problem behaviour may not all be totally positive, eitherin the short or the long term. For example, strategies of detachment, avoidance and
Which children are most at risk of significant harm? 93withdrawal used for coping with domestic violence or parental substance misuse canresult in later relationship difficulties.Research has highlighted a variety of mechanisms that may explain why somechildren who have experienced childhood maltreatment reported no mental healthproblems in adult life. Collishaw and colleagues (2007, p.213) report ‘resilientfunctioning appears to arise from the interaction between heritable factors, individualcharacteristics and experiential factors over time’. The study identified that goodqualityrelationships in childhood, adolescence and adulthood were especiallyimportant for adult psychological well-being for those who had experiencedchildhood abuse.Resilience is related to children having:a sense of self-esteem and self-confidencea belief in one’s self-efficacy and ability to deal with change and adaptationa repertoire of social problem solving approaches.Rutter (1985; 2007)Protective factors which are likely to foster such a cognitive set include a secure,stable, affectionate relationship and experiences of success and achievement (Rutter1985). See Collishaw et al. (2007) for a detailed discussion of resilience to adultpsychopathology.It is important that professionals do not pathologise all children who live in familieswhere a parent suffers from mental illness or a learning disability, has problemswith alcohol and drugs or is in a violent relationship. As we have already noted,although these issues serve to qualify children as ‘in need’ (HM Government 2006)a significant proportion show no long-term behavioural or emotional disturbance.Nonetheless, the health and development of a considerable number of children livingin these circumstances are adversely affected and would benefit from services.To sum upFactors which increase vulnerability The potential for genetic transmission of mental illness, learning disability,substance misuse and alcohol problems. Children most at risk of suffering significant harm are those living in familiesexposed to a multiplicity of problems, such as a combination of one ormore of the following: parental learning disability, mental illness, problemdrinking or drug misuse and domestic violence. The risk of long-term harm, such as poor mental health when adult, increaseswhen children are exposed to a multiplicity of adverse experiences.
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92 Children’s <strong>Needs</strong> – <strong>Parenting</strong> <strong>Capacity</strong>there is a stable home with adequate financial resourcesthe child has a friend, relative or other responsible adult in whom they canconfidethe parents have the capacity to be effectivethere are strong bonds with the local community or there is communityinvolvement.(Hill et al. 1996; Kroll and Taylor 2003; Cleaver et al. 2007; Velleman and Reuber2007; Velleman 2009a)Many of these factors also apply to the impact of parental learning disabilities onchildren. For example, key to children’s safety and the promotion of their welfareis:a lack of family violencethe presence of a non-abusive partner in the householdother responsible adults, such as grandparents, involved in child careon-going support and training to enable parents to react appropriately totheir child’s changing needs and circumstances as they grow upparents with the capacity to act effectively in relation to themselves and theirchildrencommunity supporta stable home and adequate financial resources.(Booth and Booth 1996; Cleaver and Nicholson 2007)A child’s ability to cope with adversity is not the result of a specific factor or copingmechanism (Little et al. 2004; Collishaw et al. 2007; Jaffee et al. 2007). What isof importance is that children have developed the necessary strengths, which willenable them to find ways to cope with different situations.Key building blocks for developing resilience in children and parents come from asense of security, a recognition of self-worth and the experience of control over one’simmediate environment.(Parrott et al. 2008)Velleman and Templeton (2007) raise a few notes of caution in relation toresilience. They argue that the processes that allow children and young people tobecome resilient to parental problem behaviour may not all be totally positive, eitherin the short or the long term. For example, strategies of detachment, avoidance and
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