Children's Needs â Parenting Capacity - Digital Education Resource ...
Children's Needs â Parenting Capacity - Digital Education Resource ... Children's Needs â Parenting Capacity - Digital Education Resource ...
How mental illness, learning disability, substance misuse anddomestic violence affect parenting capacity 63Guidance and boundariesEnabling the child to regulate their own emotions and behaviour.The key parental tasks are demonstrating and modelling appropriatebehaviour and control of emotions and interactions with others, andgiving guidance which involves setting boundaries, so that the childis able to develop an internal model of moral values and conscienceand social behaviour appropriate for the society within which they willgrow up. The aim is to enable the child to grow into an autonomousadult, holding their own values, and able to demonstrate appropriatebehaviour with others rather than having to be dependent on rulesoutside themselves. This includes not over-protecting children fromexploratory and learning experiences.Includes social problem solving, anger management, consideration forothers and effective discipline and shaping behaviour.StabilityProviding a sufficiently stable family environment to enable a child to developand maintain a secure attachment to the primary caregiver(s) in order to ensureoptimal development.Includes ensuring that secure attachments are not disrupted, providingconsistency of emotional warmth over time and responding in a similarmanner to the same behaviour. Parental responses change and developaccording to the child’s developmental progress. In addition, ensuringchildren keep in contact with important family members and significantothers.(Reproduced from Department of Health et al. 2000, p.21, paragraph 2.12)Impact of a single disorderTo suggest that all parents who suffer from mental illness, learning disability, problemalcohol/drug use or are subjected to or perpetrate domestic violence present a dangerto their children is misleading and dangerous. Indeed, much research indicates that,with adequate support, parents who are experiencing a single disorder are oftenable to be effective and loving parents and present little risk of significant harm tochildren.Mental illnessRutter and Quinton (1984) in their four-year follow-up study of children, foundtwo-thirds of those in families where there was parental mental illness suffered nolong-term behavioural or emotional difficulties. In fact, many parents with mental
64 Children’s Needs – Parenting Capacityillness regard the bond between themselves and their children as especially strong andclose (Ackerson 2003) and negative effects can be offset with adequate support.A serious mental illness can adversely affect an individual’s ability to parent, butit is possible, if provided with adequate resources, that many individuals with aserious mental illness are able to successfully care for their children.(Reupert and Maybery 2007, p.365)Learning disabilitiesSimilarly, there is no foundation for presuming that parents with learning disabilitieswill inevitably neglect or abuse their children. Virtually all the available researchsuggests that most parents with a learning disability provide adequate care; much ofthe inadequate child care is the product of poverty, debt and poor housing (Boothand Booth 1996). With sufficient support parental learning disability does not affectchild outcomes (Booth and Booth 1997)....a key factor distinguishing children who remained living safely with theirparents from those who did not show satisfactory progress and those who wereremoved was the presence of a non-abusive adult such as a partner or relative.(Cleaver and Nicholson 2007)Problem substance use or domestic violenceFurthermore, there is considerable evidence that many, if not most, children ofparents with problem alcohol and drug use eventually ‘outgrow’ their troubledchildhood and develop into balanced, productive adults and parents (Tweed 1991;Velleman and Orford 2001; Daniel et al. 2009). Similarly, growing up in violenthouseholds does not automatically result in long-term problems for children.General population studies found that ‘Although marital disharmony increases the riskto children of demonstrating psychiatric disturbance, most children in disharmonioushomes do not show problems’ (Jenkins and Smith 1990, p.60).Relationship between parents and childrenIndividual members of the family do not exist in isolation, and the child’s ownpersonality and needs will impact on their parents or carers, particularly whenparenting takes place in an unsupportive environment (see Jones 2009 for acontemporary view of parenting). The relationship between parents and children isa two-way process that functions in a circular fashion; the emotions and behaviourof one player (i.e. the parent) affect the emotions and behaviour of the other (thechild) and the consequent feedback results in each modifying their behaviour.For example, adjusting to a new baby will test any parent, but parents faceadditional challenges when the infant is showing withdrawal symptoms (such ashigh-pitched crying and feeding difficulties) as a result of drugs taken by the mother
- Page 19 and 20: 10 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 21 and 22: 12 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 23 and 24: 14 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 25 and 26: 16 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 27 and 28: 18 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 29 and 30: PART I: GENERAL ISSUESAFFECTING PAR
- Page 31 and 32: 24 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 33 and 34: 26 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 35 and 36: 28 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 37 and 38: 30 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 39 and 40: 32 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 41 and 42: 34 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 43 and 44: 36 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 45 and 46: 38 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 47 and 48: 40 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 49 and 50: 42 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 51 and 52: 44 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 53 and 54: 46 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 55 and 56: 48 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 57 and 58: 50 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 59 and 60: 52 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 61 and 62: 54 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 63 and 64: 56 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 65 and 66: 58 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 67 and 68: 60 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 69: 62 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 73 and 74: 66 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 75 and 76: 68 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 77 and 78: 70 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 79 and 80: 72 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 81 and 82: 74 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 83 and 84: 76 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 85 and 86: 78 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 87 and 88: 80 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 89 and 90: 82 Children’s Needs - Parenting C
- Page 91 and 92: 3Which children are most at risk of
- Page 93 and 94: Which children are most at risk of
- Page 95 and 96: Which children are most at risk of
- Page 97 and 98: Which children are most at risk of
- Page 99 and 100: Which children are most at risk of
- Page 101 and 102: Which children are most at risk of
- Page 103 and 104: 4Child development and parents’re
- Page 105 and 106: Child development and parents’ re
- Page 107 and 108: Child development and parents’ re
- Page 109 and 110: Child development and parents’ re
- Page 111 and 112: Child development and parents’ re
- Page 113 and 114: Child development and parents’ re
- Page 115 and 116: Child development and parents’ re
- Page 117 and 118: Child development and parents’ re
- Page 119 and 120: Child development and parents’ re
How mental illness, learning disability, substance misuse anddomestic violence affect parenting capacity 63Guidance and boundariesEnabling the child to regulate their own emotions and behaviour.The key parental tasks are demonstrating and modelling appropriatebehaviour and control of emotions and interactions with others, andgiving guidance which involves setting boundaries, so that the childis able to develop an internal model of moral values and conscienceand social behaviour appropriate for the society within which they willgrow up. The aim is to enable the child to grow into an autonomousadult, holding their own values, and able to demonstrate appropriatebehaviour with others rather than having to be dependent on rulesoutside themselves. This includes not over-protecting children fromexploratory and learning experiences.Includes social problem solving, anger management, consideration forothers and effective discipline and shaping behaviour.StabilityProviding a sufficiently stable family environment to enable a child to developand maintain a secure attachment to the primary caregiver(s) in order to ensureoptimal development.Includes ensuring that secure attachments are not disrupted, providingconsistency of emotional warmth over time and responding in a similarmanner to the same behaviour. Parental responses change and developaccording to the child’s developmental progress. In addition, ensuringchildren keep in contact with important family members and significantothers.(Reproduced from Department of Health et al. 2000, p.21, paragraph 2.12)Impact of a single disorderTo suggest that all parents who suffer from mental illness, learning disability, problemalcohol/drug use or are subjected to or perpetrate domestic violence present a dangerto their children is misleading and dangerous. Indeed, much research indicates that,with adequate support, parents who are experiencing a single disorder are oftenable to be effective and loving parents and present little risk of significant harm tochildren.Mental illnessRutter and Quinton (1984) in their four-year follow-up study of children, foundtwo-thirds of those in families where there was parental mental illness suffered nolong-term behavioural or emotional difficulties. In fact, many parents with mental
Change language