alphabetical index of plant families and groups - Sunrise Versand
alphabetical index of plant families and groups - Sunrise Versand
alphabetical index of plant families and groups - Sunrise Versand
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLANT<br />
FAMILIES AND GROUPS<br />
1 Acanthaceae 10 Andrographis. Hygrophila. Justicia adhatoda.<br />
2 Acoraceae 1 Acorus calamus.<br />
3 Actinidiaceae 1 Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi).<br />
4 Agavaceae 5 Agave. Chlorogalum. Chlorophytum. Yucca.<br />
5 Aizoaceae 3 Lampranthus. Mesembryanthum. Sceletium<br />
tortuosum.<br />
6 Alismatales 3 Alisma <strong>plant</strong>ago. Potamogeton. Sagittaria<br />
sagittaefolia.<br />
7 Alliaceae/Agapanthaceae 10 Allium cepa. Allium sativum. Agapanthus.<br />
8 Amaranthaceae/<br />
Chenopodiaceae<br />
23 Achyranthes. Chenopodium. Salsola tragus.<br />
9 Amaryllidaceae 6 Amaryllis. Boophone. Galanthus. Narcissus.<br />
10 Anacardiaceae 20 Anacardium. Comocladia. Mangifera. Pistacia.<br />
Rhus. Schinus.<br />
11 Annonaceae 6 Annona. Asimina. Cananga. Guatteria. Malmea.<br />
Xylopia.<br />
12 Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) 69 Aethusa. Ammi. Angelica. Apium. Asaf. Cicuta.<br />
Conium. Cori<strong>and</strong>rum. Ferula. Heracleum.<br />
Hydrocotyle. Oenanthe. Petroselinum.<br />
Peucedanum. Phell<strong>and</strong>rium. Sium. Sumbul. Zizia.<br />
13 Apocynaceae 57 Alstonia. Apocynum. Asclepias. Calotropis.<br />
(incl. Asclepiadaceae Cundurango. Gelsemium. Gymnema.<br />
<strong>and</strong> Gelsemiaceae) Ole<strong>and</strong>er. Quebracho. Rauvolfia. Reserpinum.<br />
Strophanthus. Tabernanthe iboga. Vinca.<br />
Vincetoxicum.<br />
14 Aquifoliaceae 5 Ilex (holly).<br />
15 Araceae (Aroids) 15 Amorphophallus. Arisaema. Arum. Caladium.<br />
Calla. Ictodes. Lemna. Monstera. Symplocarpus.<br />
Zantedeschia.<br />
16 Araliaceae 11 Aralia. Ginseng. Hedera (ivy). Oplopanax. Panax.<br />
17 Arecaceae (Palms) 9 Areca. Cocos. Elaeis. Euterpe. Nux absurda.<br />
Phoenix. Sabal.<br />
18 Aristolochiaceae 8 Aristolochia. Asarum.<br />
19 Asparagaceae 10 Asparagus. Convallaria. Cordyline. Dracaena.<br />
(incl. Laxmanniaceae<br />
<strong>and</strong> Ruscaceae)<br />
Polygonatum. Ruscus. Sansevieria.<br />
20 Asteraceae (Compositae) 154 remedies – divided in 5 tribes<br />
20.1 Asteraceae – Anthemidae 28 Abrot. Absinth. Artemisia. Cham. Cina.<br />
Millefolium. Tanacetum.<br />
20.2 Asteraceae – Cardueae 18 Carduus. Centaurea. Cirsium. Cynara. Lappa.<br />
Onopordon.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
li
20.3 Asteraceae – Lactuceae 14 Cichorium. Hieracium. Lactuca. Nabalus.<br />
Taraxacum.<br />
20.4 Asteraceae – 33 Brachyglottis. Eupatorium. Guaco. Senecio.<br />
Senecioneae/Eupatorieae Tussilago.<br />
20.5 Asteraceae – Vulneraries 61 Ambrosia. Arnica. Bellis. Calendula. Echinacea.<br />
<strong>and</strong> minor tribes Erigeron. Gnaphalium. Grindelia. Helianthus.<br />
Inula. Parthenium. Polymnia. Sigesbeckia.<br />
Solidago. Wyethia. Xanthium.<br />
21 Balsaminaceae 5 Impatiens.<br />
22 Begoniaceae 1 Begonia.<br />
23 Berberidaceae 6 Berberis. Caulophyllum. Jeffersonia.<br />
Podophyllum.<br />
24 Betulaceae 9 Alnus. Betula. Carbo veg. Cinis betulae. Corylus.<br />
Ostrya.<br />
25 Bignoniaceae 6 Catalpa. Jacar<strong>and</strong>a. Kigelia. Markhamia. Tabebuia.<br />
Tecoma.<br />
26 Bixaceae 1 Bixa (annatto).<br />
27 Boraginaceae 23 Alkanna. Anchusa. Borago. Cordia. Eriodictyon.<br />
Heliotropium. Myosotis. Nemophila.<br />
Onosmodium. Pulmonaria. Symphytum.<br />
28 Brassicales 50 Armoracia. Brassica. Bunias. Capparis. Carica.<br />
Cheiranthus. Cleome. Cochlearia. Eruca. Iberis.<br />
Isatis. Lepidium. Moringa. Nasturtium. Raphanus.<br />
Sinapis. Thiosinaminum. Thlaspi. Tropaeolum.<br />
Vesicaria.<br />
29 Bromeliaceae 2 Ananas (pineapple). Till<strong>and</strong>sia usneoides.<br />
30 Burseraceae 5 Balsamodendron. Boswellia. Myrrha. Olibanum.<br />
31 Buxaceae 1 Buxus.<br />
32 Cactaceae 13 Anhalonium. Cactus. Carnegiea. Cereus.<br />
Mescalinum. Opuntia.<br />
33 Campanulaceae/<br />
Lobeliaceae<br />
14 Campanula. Lobelia. Pratia.<br />
34 Canellales 3 Cinnamodendron. Drimys.<br />
35 Cannabaceae<br />
(incl. Celtidaceae)<br />
7 Cannabis. Celtis. Humulus. Trema.<br />
36 Carnivorous <strong>plant</strong>s 6 Dionaea. Drosera. Nepenthes. Pinguicula.<br />
Sarracenia.<br />
37 Caryophyllaceae 17 Agrostemma. Arenaria. Dianthus. Saponaria.<br />
Saponinum. Stellaria.<br />
38 Celastraceae 6 Catha. Euonymus. Parnassia.<br />
39 Chrysobalanaceae/<br />
Dichapetalaceae<br />
3 Acioa (Dactyladenia). Dichapetalum. Moquilea<br />
40 Cistaceae 2 Cistus. Helianthemum.<br />
41 Clusiaceae 9 Gambogia. Garcinia. Harungana. Hypericum.<br />
(incl. Hypericaceae) Mesua.<br />
42 Commelinales 3 Eichhornia. Lachnanthes. Tradescantia.<br />
Conifers see Pinales<br />
43 Convolvulaceae 13 Argyreia. Convolvulus. Ipomoea. Jalapa.<br />
Operculina.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
lii ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLANT FAMILIES AND GROUPS
44 Coriariaceae/<br />
Corynocarpaceae<br />
3 Coriaria. Corynocarpus (karaka).<br />
45 Cornales 8 Cornus. Hydrangea. Loasa. Philadelphus.<br />
46 Crassulaceae 17 Cotyledon. Crassula. Kalanchoe. Rhodiola.<br />
Sedum. Sempervivum.<br />
47 Cucurbitaceae 23 Bryonia. Cephal<strong>and</strong>ra. Citrullus. Colocynthis.<br />
(incl. Datiscaceae) Cucumis. Cucurbita. Datisca. Elaterium. Luffa.<br />
Momordica. Trichosanthes.<br />
48 Cycads 2 Macrozamia. Stangeria.<br />
49 Dioscoreales 6 Aletris. Dioscorea. Narthecium. Tamus.<br />
50 Dipsacales 25 Adoxa. Centranthus. Dipsacus. Knautia.<br />
Leycesteria. Lonicera. Sambucus. Scabiosa.<br />
Symphoricarpos. Triosteum. Valeriana.<br />
Viburnum.<br />
51 Ebenaceae 5 Diospyros. Euclea. Royena.<br />
52 Elaeagnaceae 1 Hippophae rhamnoides.<br />
53 Equisetaceae (Horsetails) 4 Equisetum.<br />
54 Ericaceae 27 Andromeda. Arbutus. Arctostaphylos.<br />
Chimaphila. Calluna. Epigaea. Erica. Gaultheria.<br />
Kalmia. Ledum. Lyonia. Oxydendrum. Pyrola.<br />
Rhododendron. Uva ursi. Vaccinium.<br />
55 Euphorbiaceae 51 Acalypha. Cascarilla. Cassada. Croton. Euphorbia.<br />
Hevea. Hura. Jatropha. Latex vulcani. Mancinella.<br />
Mercurialis. Phyllanthus. Ricinus. Spirostachys.<br />
Stillingia.<br />
56 Fabaceae (Leguminosae) 134 Abrus. Acacia. Anadenanthera. Astragalus.<br />
Balsamum. Baptisia. Cassia. Copaiva. Cytisus.<br />
Derris. Dolichos. Erythrina. Faba. Galega.<br />
Genista. Glycyrrhiza. Gymnocladus. Indigo.<br />
Lathyrus. Leucaena. Medicago. Melilotus.<br />
Mimosa. Mucuna. Oxytropis. Phaseolus.<br />
Physostigma. Psoralea. Pueraria. Robinia.<br />
Sarothamnus. Senna. Soja. Sophora. Spartium.<br />
Sutherl<strong>and</strong>ia. Tamarindus. Trifolium. Ulex. Vicia.<br />
Wisteria.<br />
57 Fagaceae 11 Castanea. Eupionum. Fagus. Kreosotum. Quercus.<br />
58 Ferns 13 Asplenium. Calaguala. Dryopteris. Filix-mas.<br />
Polypodium. Pteridium.<br />
59 Fumariaceae 6 Adlumia. Corydalis. Dicentra. Fumaria.<br />
60 Gentianaceae 12 Canchalagua. Centaurium. Centaury. Gentian.<br />
Gentiana. Sabatia.<br />
61 Geraniales 8 Bersama. Erodium. Geranium. Monsonia.<br />
Pelargonium.<br />
62 Ginkgos 1 Ginkgo biloba.<br />
63 Gnetophytes 4 Ephedra. MDMA (ecstasy). Welwitschia.<br />
64 Gunneraceae 1 Gunnera perpensa.<br />
65 Hyacinthaceae 5 Agraphis. Ornithogalum. Squilla.<br />
66 Icacinaceae 1 Pyrenacantha sc<strong>and</strong>ens.<br />
67 Illiciaceae 2 Illicium (Anisum stellatum).<br />
68 Jugl<strong>and</strong>aceae 6 Carya. Juglans.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLANT FAMILIES AND GROUPS liii
69 Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 99 Agnus castus. Basilicum. Coleus. Collinsonia.<br />
Glechoma. Hedeoma. Hyssopus. Lamium.<br />
Lav<strong>and</strong>ula. Leonotis. Leonurus. Leucas. Lycopus.<br />
Mentha. Monarda. Ocimum. Origanum.<br />
Plectranthus. Rosmarinus. Salvia. Scutellaria.<br />
Tetradenia. Teucrium. Thymolum. Thymus.<br />
Vitex.<br />
70 Laurales 18 Boldo. Calycanthus. Camphora. Cinnamomum.<br />
Coto. Hern<strong>and</strong>ia. Laurus. Nect<strong>and</strong>ra. Persea.<br />
Sassafras. Xymalos.<br />
71 Liliales 32 Calochortus. Colchicum. Crocus. Erythronium.<br />
Gladiolus. Gloriosa. Homeria. Iris. Lilium.<br />
Moraea. Sarsaparilla. Smilax. Tulipa.<br />
72 Linaceae 2 Linum.<br />
73 Loganiaceae 13 Ignatia. Nux vomica. Spigelia. Strychninum.<br />
Strychnos. Upas.<br />
74 Lycophyta 3 Huperzia. Lycopodium. Selaginella.<br />
75 Lythraceae/Punicaceae 6 Cuphea. Granatum (pomegranate). Heimia.<br />
Henna. Lythrum.<br />
76 Maesaceae 1 Maesa lanceolata.<br />
77 Magnoliaceae 3 Magnolia. Talauma.<br />
78 Malpighiaceae 2 Ayahuasca. Galphimia glauca.<br />
79 Malvaceae 33 Abelmoschus. Abroma. Adansonia (baobab).<br />
Brachychiton. Ceiba. Chocolate. Durio.<br />
Gossypium. Grewia. Hibiscus. Kola. Malva. Sida.<br />
Theobroma. Tilia. Triumfetta.<br />
80 Melanthiaceae 14 Amianthium. Helonias. Paris. Sabadilla. Trillium.<br />
Veratrum. Xerophyllum. Zigadenus.<br />
81 Meliaceae 10 Andersonia. Azadirachta. Guarea. Trichilia.<br />
Turraea.<br />
82 Menispermaceae 11 Cocculus. Curare. Menispermum. Pareira.<br />
Picrotoxinum. Tinospora.<br />
83 Menyanthaceae 1 Menyanthes trifolia.<br />
84 Moraceae 12 Brosimum. Ficus. Maclura. Morus. Murure.<br />
Strangler fig. Upas antiaris.<br />
85 Mosses 4 Polytrichum. Sphagnum.<br />
86 Myricaceae 2 Morella. Myrica.<br />
87 Myristicaceae 2 Myristica (Virola) sebifera. Nux moschata.<br />
88 Myrsinaceae 9 Anagallis. Cyclamen. Embelia. Lysimachia.<br />
89 Myrtaceae 16 Cajuputum. Eucalyptus. Eugenia. Guava.<br />
Leptospermum. Melaleuca. Myrtus. Pimenta.<br />
Psidium. Syzygium.<br />
90 Myrtales 14 Epilobium. Melastoma. Oenothera. Terminalia.<br />
91 Nyctaginaceae 4 Boerhavia. Bougainvillea. Mirabilis.<br />
92 Nymphaeaceae 5 Nuphar. Nymphaea.<br />
93 Ochnaceae 1 Ochna atropurpurea (= Ochna serrulata).<br />
94 Oleaceae 12 Chionanthus. Fraxinus. Jasminum. Nyctanthes.<br />
Olea. Phillyrea. Syringa.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
liv ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLANT FAMILIES AND GROUPS
95 Orchidaceae (Orchids) 18 Coelogyne. Corallorhiza. Cypripedium.<br />
Cyrtopodium. Dendrobium. Dipodium. Neottia.<br />
Orchis. Spiranthes. Vanilla.<br />
Orobanchaceae 8 see Parasitic Plants<br />
96 Oxalidales 5 Elaeocarpus. Oxalicum acidum. Oxalis.<br />
97 Papaveraceae 36 Apomorphinum. Argemone. Chelidonium.<br />
Codeinum. Eschscholzia. Heroinum.<br />
Morphinum. Narcotinum. Opium. Papaver.<br />
Sanguinaria. Sanguinarinum nitricum.<br />
Thebainum.<br />
98 Parasitic <strong>plant</strong>s 29 Bopusia. Cuscuta. Epiphegus. Euphrasia. Flor de<br />
Piedra. Liriosma. Krameria. Loranthus.<br />
Melampyrum. Misodendrum. Monotropa.<br />
Okoubaka. Orobanche. Osyris. Pedicularis.<br />
Phoradendron. Rafflesia. Ratanhia. Santalum.<br />
Scurrula. Viscum. Ximenia.<br />
99 Passifloraceae/Turneraceae 3 Damiana. Passiflora. Turnera.<br />
100 Pedaliaceae 3 Ceratotheca. Harpagophytum. Sesamum.<br />
101 Phrymaceae 2 Mimulus.<br />
102 Phytolaccaceae 2 Petiveria. Phytolacca.<br />
103 Pinales (Conifers) 49 remedies divided in 5 <strong>groups</strong>:<br />
Pinales – Araucariaceae 2 Agathis. Wollemia.<br />
Pinales – Cupressaceae 15 Cupressus. Juniperus. Sequoia. Sequoiadendron.<br />
Thuja.<br />
Pinales – Pinaceae 21 Abies. Cedrus. Larix. Picea. Pinus. Pseudotsuga.<br />
Tsuga.<br />
Pinales – Taxaceae 2 Taxus baccata. Taxus brevifolia.<br />
Pinales – coniferous<br />
products<br />
9 Amber. Jet. Pix liquida. Terebinthina.<br />
104 Piperaceae<br />
(incl. Saururaceae)<br />
7 Anemopsis. Cubeba. Kava-kava. Matico. Piper.<br />
105 Pittosporaceae 1 Pittosporum viridiflorum.<br />
106 Plantaginaceae 27 Antirrhinum. Chelone. Digitalis. Gratiola.<br />
Lept<strong>and</strong>ra. Linaria. Plantago. Veronica.<br />
107 Plumbaginaceae 4 Ceratostigma. Limonium. Plumbago. Statice.<br />
108 Poales (Grasses & 51 Agrostis. Anatherum. Anthoxanthum. Arundo.<br />
Grass-likes) Avena. Bambusa. Carex. Cymbopogon. Cynodon.<br />
Cyperus. Furfur. Hordeum. Juncus. Lolium.<br />
Oryza. Phleum. Saccharum. Sorghum.<br />
Sparganium. Stigmata maydis. Triticum. Typha.<br />
Vetiveria. Wild oat. Zea. Zizania.<br />
109 Polemoniaceae 3 Gilia. Hoitzia. Polemonium.<br />
110 Polygalaceae 5 Polygala. Senega.<br />
111 Polygonaceae 22 Bistorta. Fagopyrum. Persicaria. Polygonum.<br />
Rheum. Rumex.<br />
112 Portulacaceae 3 Calyptridium. Portulaca.<br />
113 Primulaceae 9 Androsace. Hottonia. Primula. Soldanella.<br />
114 Proteales 5 Nelumbo (lotus). Platanus. Telopea (waratah).<br />
115 Quilajaceae 1 Quilaja saponaria.<br />
116 Ranunculaceae 59 remedies. Divided in 4 <strong>groups</strong>.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLANT FAMILIES AND GROUPS lv
116.1 Ranunculaceae – Group 1 17 Aconitum. Consolida. Eranthis. Helleborus.<br />
Staphisagria.<br />
116.2 Ranunculaceae – Group 2 10 Actaea. Adonis. Aquilegia. Cimicifuga. Nigella.<br />
Thalictrum.<br />
116.3 Ranunuclaceae – Group 3 8 Coptis. Hydrastis. Xanthorhiza.<br />
116.4 Ranunculaceae – Group 4 24 Anemone. Caltha. Clematis. Hepatica.<br />
Macrotinum. Pulsatilla. Ranunculus. Trollius.<br />
117 Rhamnaceae 13 Cascara. Ceanothus. Frangula. Karwinskia.<br />
Rhamnus. Ziziphus.<br />
118 Rhizophoraceae/<br />
Erythroxylaceae<br />
4 Catuaba. Coca. Cocainum. Rhizophora.<br />
119 Rosaceae 60 Agrimonia. Alchemilla. Amygdalus. Crataegus.<br />
Cydonia. Filipendula (Spiraea). Fragaria. Geum.<br />
Hydr-ac. Kousso. Laurocerasus. Prunus. Malus.<br />
Potentilla. Pyrus. Rosa. Rubus. Sanguisorba.<br />
Sorbus.<br />
120 Rubiaceae 53 Asperula. Cainca. China. Chininum salts. C<strong>of</strong>fea.<br />
C<strong>of</strong>feinum. Emetinum. Fleroya. Galium.<br />
Gardenia. Ipecacuanha. Mitchella. Mitragyna.<br />
Morinda. Rubia. Uncaria. Yohimbinum.<br />
121 Rutaceae 29 Aegle. Angustura. Atista. Barosma. Casimiroa.<br />
Citricum acidum. Citrus. Clausena. Dictamnus.<br />
Diosma. Jabor<strong>and</strong>i. Pilocarpinum. Ptelea. Ruta.<br />
Xanthoxylum. Zanthoxylum.<br />
122 Salicaceae/Flacourtiaceae 24 Chaulmoogra. Hydnocarpus. Natrum salicylicum.<br />
Populus. Salicylicum acidum. Salix. Trimeria.<br />
Willow.<br />
123 Sapindaceae 15 Acer. Aesculus. Blighia. Cardiospermum.<br />
Guarana. Paullinia. Sapindus.<br />
124 Sapotaceae 3 Lucuma. Sapota achras.<br />
125 Saxifragales 9 Altingia. Hamamelis. Heuchera. Paeonia.<br />
Penthorum. Ribes. Saxifraga.<br />
126 Scrophulariaceae 9 Buddleja. Scrophularia. Verbascum.<br />
127 Simaroubaceae 9 Ailanthus. Brucea. Castela (Chaparro). Cedron.<br />
Quassia. Simarouba.<br />
128 Simmondsiaceae 1 Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba).<br />
129 Solanaceae 53 Atropinum. Belladonna. Brugmansia. Capsicum.<br />
Datura. Duboisia. Dulcamara. Fabiana. Franciscea.<br />
Hyoscyamus. Lycium. Lycopersicon. M<strong>and</strong>ragora.<br />
Nicotiana. Physalis. Scopolaminum. Solanum.<br />
Stramonium. Tabacum. Withania.<br />
130 Theaceae 2 Camellia japonica. Thea chinensis.<br />
131 Thymelaeaceae 5 Aquilaria. Daphne. Dirca. Mezereum.<br />
132 Ulmaceae 3 Ulmus.<br />
133 Urticaceae/Cecropiaceae 10 Cecropia. Dendrocnide. Musanga. Parietaria.<br />
Urtica.<br />
134 Verbenaceae 9 Aloysia. Lantana. Lippia. Priva. Verbena.<br />
135 Violaceae 5 Anchietea. Viola.<br />
136 Vitaceae 6 Ampelopsis. Cayratia. Cissus. Parthenocissus.<br />
Vitis (grape).<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
lvi ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLANT FAMILIES AND GROUPS
137 Xanthorrhoeaceae 6 Aloe. Asphodelus. Phormium. Xanthorrhoea.<br />
138 Zingiberales 14 Alpinia. Canna. Cardamomum. Costus. Curcuma.<br />
Galanga. Maranta. Musa. Zingiber.<br />
139 Zygophyllales 5 Guaiacum. Larrea (Paloondo). Peganum. Tribulus.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLANT FAMILIES AND GROUPS lvii
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES<br />
Numbers in bold refer to grouping number (see Page li)<br />
Abelmoschus moschatus 79<br />
Abies alba 103<br />
Abies balsamea 103<br />
Abies canadensis 103<br />
Abies nigra 103<br />
Abroma augusta 79<br />
Abroma augusta radix 79<br />
Abrotanum 20.1<br />
Abrus precatorius 56<br />
Absinthium 20.1<br />
Acacia arabica 56<br />
Acacia dealbata 56<br />
Acacia farnesiana 56<br />
Acacia nilotica 56<br />
Acalypha indica 55<br />
Acanthus mollis 1<br />
Acanthus virilis 1<br />
Acer campestre 123<br />
Acer circinatum 123<br />
Acer negundo 123<br />
Acer pseudoplatanus 123<br />
Achillea millefolium 20.1<br />
Achillea moschata 20.1<br />
Achillea nana 20.1<br />
Achillea ptarmica 20.1<br />
Achras sapota 124<br />
Achyranthes aspera 8<br />
Achyranthes calea 8<br />
Acioa dewevrei 39<br />
Acmella oleracea 20.5<br />
Acokanthera oppositifolia 13<br />
Aconitinum 116.1<br />
Aconitum anthora 116.1<br />
Aconitum cammarum 116.1<br />
Aconitum columbianum 116.1<br />
Aconitum ferox 116.1<br />
Aconitum lycoctonum 116.1<br />
Aconitum napellus 116.1<br />
Aconitum septentrionale 116.1<br />
Acorus calamus 2<br />
Actaea racemosa 116.2<br />
Actaea spicata 116.2<br />
Actinidia deliciosa 3<br />
Adansonia digitata 79<br />
Aden<strong>and</strong>ra uniflora 121<br />
Adhatoda vasica 1<br />
Adiantum capillus-veneris 58<br />
Adlumia fungosa 59<br />
Adonidinum 116.2<br />
Adonis aestivalis 116.2<br />
Adonis vernalis 116.2<br />
Adoxa moschatellina 50<br />
Adromischus leucophyllus 46<br />
Aegle folia 121<br />
Aegle marmelos 121<br />
Aegopodium podagraria 12<br />
Aesculinum 123<br />
Aesculus carnea 123<br />
Aesculus glabra 123<br />
Aesculus hippocastanum 123<br />
Aethusa cynapium 12<br />
Agapanthus africanus 7<br />
Agathis australis 103<br />
Agathosma betulina 121<br />
Agathosma crenulata 121<br />
Agave americana 4<br />
Agave tequilana 4<br />
Ageratina aromatica 20.4<br />
Ageratum conyzoides 20.4<br />
Agnus castus 69<br />
Agraphis nutans 65<br />
Agrimonia eupatoria 119<br />
Agrimonia odorata 119<br />
Agrimony (Bach fl.) 119<br />
Agropyron repens 108<br />
Agrostemma githago 37<br />
Agrostis alba 108<br />
Agrostis capillaris 108<br />
Agrostis vulgaris 108<br />
Ailanthus altissima 127<br />
Ailanthus gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa 127<br />
Aira flexuosa 108<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xxiii
Ajuga chamaepitys 69<br />
Ajuga reptans 69<br />
Albizia adianthifolia 56<br />
Albizia fastigiata 56<br />
Alcea rosea 79<br />
Alchemilla alpina 119<br />
Alchemilla arvensis 119<br />
Alchemilla vulgaris 119<br />
Alchornea cordifolia 55<br />
Aletris farinosa 49<br />
Alisma <strong>plant</strong>ago-aquatica 6<br />
Alliaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 28<br />
Allium ascalonicum 7<br />
Allium cepa 7<br />
Allium fallax 7<br />
Allium lusitanicum 7<br />
Allium porrum 7<br />
Allium sativum 7<br />
Allium schoenoprasum 7<br />
Allium ursinum 7<br />
Allium victorialis 7<br />
Alnus glutinosa 24<br />
Alnus rubra 24<br />
Alnus serrulata 24<br />
Aloe ferox 137<br />
Aloe perryi 137<br />
Aloe socotrina 137<br />
Aloe vera 137<br />
Alopecurus pratensis 108<br />
Aloysia citrodora 134<br />
Alpinia conchigera 138<br />
Alpinia <strong>of</strong>ficinarum 138<br />
Alstonia boonei 13<br />
Alstonia constricta 13<br />
Alstonia scholaris 13<br />
Alternanthera pungens 8<br />
Althaea <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 79<br />
Althaea rosea 79<br />
Altingia excelsa 125<br />
Alyssoides utriculata 28<br />
Amaranthus hypochondriacus 8<br />
Amaranthus spinosus 8<br />
Amaranthus tristis 8<br />
Amaryllis belladonna 9<br />
Amaryllis equestris 9<br />
Amber 103<br />
Ambrosia artemisiifolia 20.5<br />
Ambrosia chamissonis 20.5<br />
Amianthium muscitoxicum 80<br />
Ammi majus 12<br />
Ammi visnaga 12<br />
Ammoniacum gummi 12<br />
Ammophila arenaria 108<br />
Amorphophallus konjac 15<br />
Amorphophallus rivieri 15<br />
Ampelodesmos mauritanica 108<br />
Ampelopsis quinquefolia 136<br />
Ampelopsis trifoliata 136<br />
Ampelopsis weitchii 136<br />
Amphipterygium adstringens 10<br />
Amygdalus communis 119<br />
Amygdalus dulcis 119<br />
Amygdalus persica 119<br />
Anacardium occidentale 10<br />
Anacardium orientale 10<br />
Anacyclus pyrethrum 20.1<br />
Anadenanthera colubrina 56<br />
Anadenanthera peregrina 56<br />
Anagallis arvensis 88<br />
Anagyris foetida 56<br />
Anamirta cocculus 82<br />
Ananas ananas 29<br />
Ananas comosus 29<br />
Ananas sativus 29<br />
Ananassa comosus 29<br />
Anatherum muricatum 108<br />
Anchietea salutaris 135<br />
Anchusa arvensis 27<br />
Anchusa <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 27<br />
Anchusa tinctora 27<br />
Andersonia 81<br />
Andira inermis 56<br />
Andrographis paniculata 1<br />
Andromeda mariana 54<br />
Andromeda nitida 54<br />
Andromeda polifolia 54<br />
Andropogon citratus 108<br />
Andropogon muricatus 108<br />
Andropogon schoenanthus 108<br />
Androsace lactea 113<br />
Anemone nemorosa 116.4<br />
Anemone ranunculoides 116.4<br />
Anemopsis californica 104<br />
Anethum graveolens 12<br />
Angelica archangelica 12<br />
Angelica atropurpurea 12<br />
Angelica sinensis 12<br />
Angophora lanceolata 89<br />
Angostura trifoliata 121<br />
Angustura vera 121<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xxiv ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Anhalonium lewinii 32<br />
Aniba coto 70<br />
Anisum stellatum 67<br />
Annona muricata 11<br />
Anthemis arvensis 20.1<br />
Anthemis cotula 20.1<br />
Anthemis nobilis 20.1<br />
Anthoxanthum odoratum 108<br />
Anthriscus cerefolium 12<br />
Anthurium schlechtendalii 15<br />
Anthyllis vulneraria 56<br />
Antiaris toxicaria 84<br />
Antirrhinum majus 106<br />
Aphanamixis polystachya 81<br />
Aphloia theiformis 122<br />
Apiolum 12<br />
Apium dulce 12<br />
Apium graveolens 12<br />
Apium graveolens var. dulce 12<br />
Apocynum <strong>and</strong>rosaemifolium 13<br />
Apocynum cannabinum 13<br />
Apomorphinum hydrochloricum 97<br />
Apomorphinum muriaticum 97<br />
Aquilaria agallocha 131<br />
Aquilegia vulgaris 116.2<br />
Aragallus lambertii 56<br />
Aralia californica 16<br />
Aralia hispida 16<br />
Aralia nudicaulis 16<br />
Aralia racemosa 16<br />
Aralia spinosa 16<br />
Arbutinum 54<br />
Arbutus <strong>and</strong>rachne 54<br />
Arbutus menziesii 54<br />
Arbutus unedo 54<br />
Arctium lappa 20.2<br />
Arctostaphylos manzanita 54<br />
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 54<br />
Areca catechu 17<br />
Arenaria glabra 37<br />
Arenaria rubra 37<br />
Arenaria serpyllifolia 37<br />
Argemone mexicana 97<br />
Argemone ochroleuca 97<br />
Argemone pleiacantha 97<br />
Argyreia nervosa 43<br />
Arisaema dracontium 15<br />
Arisaema triphyllum 15<br />
Aristolochia clematitis 18<br />
Aristolochia colombiana 18<br />
Aristolochia cymbifera 18<br />
Aristolochia gr<strong>and</strong>iflora 18<br />
Aristolochia milhomens 18<br />
Aristolochia ringens 18<br />
Aristolochia rotunda 18<br />
Aristolochia serpentaria 18<br />
Armoracia rusticana 28<br />
Arnica montana 20.5<br />
Arrhenatherum elatius 108<br />
Artemisia abrotanum 20.1<br />
Artemisia absinthium 20.1<br />
Artemisia cina 20.1<br />
Artemisia dracunculus 20.1<br />
Artemisia laxa 20.1<br />
Artemisia mutellina 20.1<br />
Artemisia tridentata 20.1<br />
Artemisia umbelliformis 20.1<br />
Artemisia vulgaris 20.1<br />
Arum dracontium 15<br />
Arum dracunculus 15<br />
Arum italicum 15<br />
Arum maculatum 15<br />
Arum triphyllum 15<br />
Arundo donax 108<br />
Arundo mauritanica 108<br />
Arundo mediterranea 108<br />
Arundo phragmites 108<br />
Asa foetida 12<br />
Asarum canadense 18<br />
Asarum europaeum 18<br />
Asarum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 18<br />
Asclepias cordifolia 13<br />
Asclepias cornuti 13<br />
Asclepias curassavica 13<br />
Asclepias incarnata 13<br />
Asclepias syriaca 13<br />
Asclepias tuberosa 13<br />
Asimina triloba 11<br />
Asparaginum 19<br />
Asparagus <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 19<br />
Asperula odorata 120<br />
Asphodelus albus 137<br />
Aspidium athamanticum 58<br />
Aspidosperma polyneuron 13<br />
Aspidosperma quebracho 13<br />
Aspidosperminum 13<br />
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum 58<br />
Asplenium ceterach 58<br />
Asplenium scolopendrium 58<br />
Aster asper 20.5<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xxv
Aster bakerianus 20.5<br />
Astragalus campestris 56<br />
Astragalus cicer 56<br />
Astragalus exscapus 56<br />
Astragalus glycyphyllos 56<br />
Astragalus gummifer 56<br />
Astragalus hornii 56<br />
Astragalus menziesii 56<br />
Astragalus mollissimus 56<br />
Athamanta oreoselinum 12<br />
Atista indica 121<br />
Atista radix 121<br />
Atriplex hortensis 8<br />
Atropa belladonna 129<br />
Atropinum purum 129<br />
Atropinum sulphuricum 129<br />
Aurantii cortex 121<br />
Avena elatior 108<br />
Avena sativa 108<br />
Avenella flexuosa 108<br />
Avicennia marina 1<br />
Ayahuasca 78<br />
Azadirachta indica 81<br />
Baccharis crispa 20.5<br />
Baccharis genistelloides 20.5<br />
Bacopa monnieri 106<br />
Ballota foetida 69<br />
Ballota lanata 69<br />
Ballota nigra var. foetida 69<br />
Balsamodendron mukul 30<br />
Balsamodendron myrrha 30<br />
Balsamum peruvianum 56<br />
Balsamum tolutanum 56<br />
Bambusa arundinacea 108<br />
Bambusa bambos 108<br />
Banisteria caapi 78<br />
Banisteriopsis caapi 78<br />
Baptisia australis 56<br />
Baptisia confusa 56<br />
Baptisia tinctoria 56<br />
Barbarea vulgaris 28<br />
Barbula squarrosa 85<br />
Barosma betulina 121<br />
Barosma crenulata 121<br />
Basilicum 69<br />
Bauhinia thonningii 56<br />
Begonia semperflorens 22<br />
Belladonna 129<br />
Bellis perennis 20.5<br />
Benzoin oderiferum 70<br />
Berberis aquifolium 23<br />
Berberis vulgaris 23<br />
Bersama lucens 61<br />
Berula erecta 12<br />
Beta maritima 8<br />
Beta vulgaris 8<br />
Betonica aquatica 126<br />
Betula alba 24<br />
Betula pendula 24<br />
Betula pubescens 24<br />
Bidens bipinnata 20.5<br />
Bidens pilosa 20.5<br />
Bistorta bistortoides 111<br />
Bistorta <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 111<br />
Bituminaria bituminosa 56<br />
Bixa orellana 26<br />
Blackstonia perfoliata 60<br />
Blighia sapida 123<br />
Blumea lacera 20.5<br />
Blumea odorata 20.5<br />
Boerhavia coccinea 91<br />
Boerhavia diffusa 91<br />
Boerhavia hirsuta 91<br />
Boldo fragrans 70<br />
Bombax pent<strong>and</strong>rum 79<br />
Boophone disticha 9<br />
Bopusia scabra 98<br />
Borago <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 27<br />
Borreria natalensis 120<br />
Boscia oleoides 28<br />
Boswellia carteri 30<br />
Boswellia sacra 30<br />
Boswellia socotrana 30<br />
Bougainvillea 91<br />
Bowdichia major 56<br />
Bowdichia virgilioides 56<br />
Brachychiton acerifolius 79<br />
Brachyglottis repens 20.4<br />
Brassica alba 28<br />
Brassica campestris 28<br />
Brassica eruca 28<br />
Brassica napus 28<br />
Brassica napus oleifera 28<br />
Brassica nigra 28<br />
Brassica oleracea 28<br />
Brassica oleracea rubra 28<br />
Brassica rapa rapa 28<br />
Brassica rapa subsp. campestris 28<br />
Bridelia atroviridis 55<br />
Bridelia ferruginea 55<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xxvi ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Brillantaisia patula 1<br />
Briza media 108<br />
Brodiaea elegans 7<br />
Bromus hordeaceus 108<br />
Bromus mollis 108<br />
Bromus ramosus 108<br />
Brosimum acutifolium 84<br />
Brosimum gaudichaudii 84<br />
Brosimum utile 84<br />
Brucea antidysenterica 127<br />
Brugmansia arborea 129<br />
Brugmansia sanguinea 129<br />
Brugmansia x c<strong>and</strong>ida 129<br />
Brunella vulgaris 69<br />
Brunfelsia uniflora 129<br />
Bryonia alba 47<br />
Bryonia cretica ssp. dioica 47<br />
Bryonia dioica 47<br />
Bryonia laciniosa 47<br />
Bryophyllum proliferum 46<br />
Buddleja davidii 126<br />
Buglossoides arvensis 27<br />
Bunias erucago 28<br />
Bunias orientalis 28<br />
Bupleurum falcatum 12<br />
Buxus sempervirens 31<br />
Cacao 79<br />
Cactinum mexicanum 32<br />
Cactus gr<strong>and</strong>iflorus 32<br />
Caesalpinia bonduc 56<br />
Caesalpinia bonducella 56<br />
Caesalpinia pulcherrima 56<br />
Cainca 120<br />
Cajanus cajan 56<br />
Cajuputum 89<br />
Cakile maritima 28<br />
Caladium seguinum 15<br />
Calaguala 58<br />
Calamintha acinos 69<br />
Calamintha clinopodium 69<br />
Calamintha gr<strong>and</strong>iflora 69<br />
Calamintha nepeta 69<br />
Calamintha <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 69<br />
Calamus aromaticus 2<br />
Calea ternifolia 20.5<br />
Calea zacatechichi 20.5<br />
Calendula arvensis 20.5<br />
Calendula <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 20.5<br />
Calia secundiflora 56<br />
Calla aethiopica 15<br />
Calli<strong>and</strong>ra alternans 56<br />
Calli<strong>and</strong>ra houstoni 56<br />
Calli<strong>and</strong>ra houstoniana 56<br />
Callilepis laureola 20.5<br />
Callitris rhomboidea 103<br />
Calluna vulgaris 54<br />
Calocedrus decurrens 103<br />
Calochortus albus 71<br />
Calomeria amaranthoides 20.5<br />
Calotropis gigantea 13<br />
Calotropis lactum 13<br />
Calotropis procera 13<br />
Caltha palustris 116.4<br />
Calycanthus occidentalis 70<br />
Calyptridium umbellatum 112<br />
Calystegia sepium 43<br />
Camellia japonica 130<br />
Camellia sinensis 130<br />
Campanula rapunculus 33<br />
Campanula rotundifolia 33<br />
Campanula trachelium 33<br />
Camphora [mono]bromata 70<br />
Camphora <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 70<br />
Camphoricum acidum 70<br />
Camphorosma monspeliaca 8<br />
Cananga odorata 11<br />
Canchalagua 60<br />
Canna angustifolia 138<br />
Canna glauca 138<br />
Cannabis indica 35<br />
Cannabis sativa 35<br />
Canyon dudleya 46<br />
Capparis brassii 28<br />
Capparis coriacea 28<br />
Capparis corymbifera 28<br />
Capparis gueinzii 28<br />
Capparis tomentosa 28<br />
Capsella bursa-pastoris 28<br />
Capsicum annuum 129<br />
Capsicum frutescens 129<br />
Carapa procera 81<br />
Carapichea ipecacuanha 120<br />
Carbo vegetabilis 24<br />
Cardamine amara 28<br />
Cardamine pratensis 28<br />
Cardamomum 138<br />
Cardiospermum halicacabum 123<br />
Carduus benedictus 20.2<br />
Carduus marianus 20.2<br />
Carex arenaria 108<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xxvii
Carica papaya 28<br />
Carissa schimperi 13<br />
Carlina acaulis 20.2<br />
Carlina vulgaris 20.2<br />
Carnegiea gigantea 32<br />
Carpinus betulus 24<br />
Carum carvi 12<br />
Carya alba 68<br />
Carya illinoinensis 68<br />
Carya pecan 68<br />
Carya tomentosa 68<br />
Caryophyllus aromaticus 89<br />
Cascara sagrada 117<br />
Cascarilla 55<br />
Casimiroa edulis 121<br />
Cassada 55<br />
Cassia acutifolia 56<br />
Cassia alata 56<br />
Cassia fistula 56<br />
Cassia laevigata 56<br />
Cassia lanceolata 56<br />
Cassia medica 56<br />
Cassia obovata 56<br />
Cassia occidentalis 56<br />
Cassia sophera 56<br />
Castanea vesca 57<br />
Castela erecta subsp. texana 127<br />
Castela texana 127<br />
Castela tortuosa 127<br />
Catalpa bignonioides 25<br />
Cataria nepeta 69<br />
Catha edulis 38<br />
Catharanthus roseus 13<br />
Catuaba 118<br />
Caucalis latifolia 12<br />
Caulophyllum thalictroides 23<br />
Cayratia debilis 136<br />
Ceanothus americanus 117<br />
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus 117<br />
Cecropia mexicana 133<br />
Cecropia obtusa 133<br />
Cecropia obtusifolia 133<br />
Cecropia palmata 133<br />
Cecropia peltata 133<br />
Cedron 127<br />
Cedrus deodora 103<br />
Cedrus libani 103<br />
Ceiba pent<strong>and</strong>ra 79<br />
Celastrus sc<strong>and</strong>ens 38<br />
Celosia trigyna 8<br />
Celtis occidentalis 35<br />
Centaurea benedicta 20.2<br />
Centaurea calcitrapa 20.2<br />
Centaurea cyanus 20.2<br />
Centaurea jacea 20.2<br />
Centaurea nigra 20.2<br />
Centaurea solstitialis 20.2<br />
Centaurea tagana 20.2<br />
Centaurium cachanlahuen 60<br />
Centaurium erythraea 60<br />
Centaurium venustum 60<br />
Centaury (Bach fl.) 60<br />
Centella asiatica 12<br />
Centhranthus ruber 50<br />
Cephal<strong>and</strong>ra indica 47<br />
Cephalanthus occidentalis 120<br />
Cerastium aquaticum 37<br />
Cerato (Bach fl.) 107<br />
Ceratostigma willmottianum 107<br />
Ceratotheca triloba 100<br />
Cerbera manghas 13<br />
Cercis occidentalis 56<br />
Cercis siliquastrum 56<br />
Cerefolium sativum 12<br />
Cereus bonpl<strong>and</strong>ii 32<br />
Cereus serpentinus 32<br />
Ceterach <strong>of</strong>ficinarum 58<br />
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 103<br />
Chamaelirium luteum 80<br />
Chamaemelum nobile 20.1<br />
Chamerion angustifolium 90<br />
Chamomilla 20.1<br />
Chaparro amargoso 127<br />
Chasmanthera palmata 82<br />
Chaulmoogra 122<br />
Cheiranthus cheiri 28<br />
Chelidoninum 97<br />
Chelidonium glaucum 97<br />
Chelidonium majus 97<br />
Chelone glabra 106<br />
Chenopodium album 8<br />
Chenopodium anthelminticum 8<br />
Chenopodium bonus-henricus 8<br />
Chenopodium botrys 8<br />
Chenopodium glaucum 8<br />
Chenopodium hybridum 8<br />
Chenopodium opulifolium 8<br />
Chenopodium vulgare 8<br />
Chenopodium vulvaria 8<br />
Chimaphila maculata 54<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xxviii ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Chimaphila rotundifolia 54<br />
Chimaphila umbellata 54<br />
China 120<br />
China boliviana 120<br />
China calisaya 120<br />
Chinidinum hydrochloricum 120<br />
Chininum arsenicosum 120<br />
Chininum bromaticum 120<br />
Chininum bromhydricum 120<br />
Chininum ferri citricum 120<br />
Chininum hydrocyanicum 120<br />
Chininum muriaticum 120<br />
Chininum phosphoricum 120<br />
Chininum purum 120<br />
Chininum salicylicum 120<br />
Chininum sulphuricum 120<br />
Chininum valerianicum 120<br />
Chiococca alba 120<br />
Chionanthus virginicus 94<br />
Chlorocodon whitei 13<br />
Chlorogalum pomeridianum 4<br />
Chlorophytum comosum 4<br />
Chocolate 79<br />
Chondrodendron tomentosum 82<br />
Chrysanth. leucanthemum 20.1<br />
Chrysanthellum americanum 20.5<br />
Chrysanthemum balsamita 20.1<br />
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium 20.1<br />
Chrysanthemum coronarium 20.1<br />
Chrysanthemum morifolium 20.1<br />
Chrysarobinum 56<br />
Chrysopogon zizanioides 108<br />
Cibotium balantium 58<br />
Cibotium barometz 58<br />
Cicer arietinum 56<br />
Cichorium endivia 20.3<br />
Cichorium intybus 20.3<br />
Cicuta maculata 12<br />
Cicuta virosa 12<br />
Cimicifuga racemosa 116.2<br />
Cina maritima 20.1<br />
Cinchona calisaya 120<br />
Cinchona calisaya var. boliviana 120<br />
Cinchona pubescens 120<br />
Cinchona succirubra 120<br />
Cineraria maritima 20.4<br />
Cinnamicum acidum 70<br />
Cinnamodendron corticosum 34<br />
Cinnamomum aromaticum 70<br />
Cinnamomum cassia 70<br />
Cinnamomum verum 70<br />
Cinnamomum zeylanicum 70<br />
Cinus betulae esko 24<br />
Circaea lutetiana 90<br />
Cirsium acaule 20.2<br />
Cirsium arvense 20.2<br />
Cirsium lanceolatum 20.2<br />
Cirsium vulgare 20.2<br />
Cissampelos torulosa 82<br />
Cissus cuneifolia 136<br />
Cissus debilis 136<br />
Cissus trifoliata 136<br />
Cistus canadensis 40<br />
Citricum acidum 121<br />
Citrullus colocynthis 47<br />
Citrullus lanatus 47<br />
Citrullus vulgaris 47<br />
Citrus bergamia 121<br />
Citrus decumana 121<br />
Citrus limon 121<br />
Citrus limonum 121<br />
Citrus maxima 121<br />
Citrus medica 121<br />
Citrus paradisi 121<br />
Citrus sinensis 121<br />
Citrus vulgaris 121<br />
Citrus x aurantium 121<br />
Clausena anisata 121<br />
Clausena inaequalis 121<br />
Clematis erecta 116.4<br />
Clematis recta 116.4<br />
Clematis saxicola 116.4<br />
Clematis virginiana 116.4<br />
Clematis vitalba 116.4<br />
Cleome gyn<strong>and</strong>ra 28<br />
Clerodendrum glabrum 69<br />
Clerodendrum infortunatum 69<br />
Clidemia hirta 90<br />
Clinopodium douglasii 69<br />
Clinopodium gr<strong>and</strong>iflorum 69<br />
Clinopodium nepeta 69<br />
Clinopodium vulgare 69<br />
Cnicus acaulis 20.2<br />
Cnicus arvense 20.2<br />
Cnicus benedictus 20.2<br />
Cnidoscorus urens 55<br />
Coca 118<br />
Cocainum hydrochloricum 118<br />
Coccinia gr<strong>and</strong>is 47<br />
Coccinia indica 47<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xxix
Cocculus indicus 82<br />
Cochlearia armoracia 28<br />
Cochlearia <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 28<br />
Cocos nucifera 17<br />
Codeinum 97<br />
Codeinum phosphoricum 97<br />
Codeinum sulfuricum 97<br />
Coelogyne p<strong>and</strong>urata 95<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fea arabica 120<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fea cruda 120<br />
C<strong>of</strong>fea tosta 120<br />
C<strong>of</strong>feinum 120<br />
Cola nitida 79<br />
Colchicinum 71<br />
Colchicum autumnale 71<br />
Coleus aromaticus 69<br />
Coleus blumei 69<br />
Collinsonia canadensis 69<br />
Colocynthis 47<br />
Colutea arborescens 56<br />
Comarum palustre 119<br />
Combretum micranthum 90<br />
Combretum raimbaultii 90<br />
Commiphora myrrha 30<br />
Comocladia dentata 10<br />
Conessinum 13<br />
Conessinum bromhydricum 13<br />
Coniinum 12<br />
Coniinum bromatum 12<br />
Conium maculatum 12<br />
Consolida regalis 116.1<br />
Convallamarinum 19<br />
Convallaria majalis 19<br />
Convolvulus arvensis 43<br />
Convolvulus duartinus 43<br />
Convolvulus scammonia 43<br />
Convolvulus stans 43<br />
Conyza canadensis 20.5<br />
Conyza sumatrensis 20.5<br />
Conyza vulgaris 20.5<br />
Copaifera <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 56<br />
Copaiva <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 56<br />
Copra 17<br />
Coptis trifolia 116.3<br />
Corallorhiza odontorhiza 95<br />
Cordia c<strong>of</strong>feoides 27<br />
Cordia salicifolia 27<br />
Cordyline australis 19<br />
Cori<strong>and</strong>rum sativum 12<br />
Coriaria arborea 44<br />
Coriaria myrtifolia 44<br />
Coriaria ruscifolia 44<br />
Cornus alternifolia 45<br />
Cornus circinata 45<br />
Cornus florida 45<br />
Cornus rugosa 45<br />
Cornus sanguinea 45<br />
Cornus sericea 45<br />
Coronilla varia 56<br />
Corydalis bulbosa 59<br />
Corydalis cava 59<br />
Corydalis formosa 59<br />
Corydalis solida 59<br />
Corylus avellana 24<br />
Corynocarpus laevigatus 44<br />
Costus pisonis 138<br />
Costus spicatus 138<br />
Costus spiralis var. spiralis 138<br />
Cotinus coggygria 10<br />
Coto 70<br />
Cotton Boll 79<br />
Cotyledon umbilicus 46<br />
Craspidospermum verticillatum 13<br />
Crassocephalum rubens 20.4<br />
Crassula obliqua 46<br />
Crassula rubicunda 46<br />
Crataegus laevigata 119<br />
Crataegus oxyacantha 119<br />
Craterispermum cerinanthum 120<br />
Crithmum maritimum 12<br />
Crocus sativus 71<br />
Croton bispinosus 55<br />
Croton campestris 55<br />
Croton catinganus 55<br />
Croton eluteria 55<br />
Croton fulvum 55<br />
Croton fulvus 55<br />
Croton lechleri 55<br />
Croton tiglium 55<br />
Cruciata laevipes 120<br />
Cryptopinum 97<br />
Cubeba 104<br />
Cucumis hirsutus 47<br />
Cucumis melo 47<br />
Cucurbita citrullus 47<br />
Cucurbita maxima 47<br />
Cucurbita pepo 47<br />
Cuminum cyminum 12<br />
Cundurango 13<br />
Cuphea viscosissima 75<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xxx ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Cupressus australis 103<br />
Cupressus lawsoniana 103<br />
Cupressus niger 103<br />
Cupressus sempervirens 103<br />
Curare 82<br />
Curcuma javanensis 138<br />
Curcuma javanica 138<br />
Curcuma longa 138<br />
Curcuma xanthorrhiza 138<br />
Curcuma zedoaria 138<br />
Cuscuta americana 98<br />
Cuscuta epithymum 98<br />
Cuscuta europaea 98<br />
Cuscuta reflexa 98<br />
Cusparia trifoliata 121<br />
Cyclamen europaeum 88<br />
Cyclamen hederifolium 88<br />
Cyclamen neapolitanum 88<br />
Cyclamen purpurascens 88<br />
Cydonia oblonga 119<br />
Cydonia vulgaris 119<br />
Cymarinum 13<br />
Cymbopogon citrates 108<br />
Cymbopogon nardus 108<br />
Cymbopogon schoenanthus 108<br />
Cynara cardunculus 20.2<br />
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus 20.2<br />
Cynara scolymus 20.2<br />
Cynodon dactylon 108<br />
Cynoglossum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 27<br />
Cynorrhodon 119<br />
Cyperus longus 108<br />
Cyperus olivaris 108<br />
Cypripedium acaule 95<br />
Cypripedium calceolus 95<br />
Cypripedium humile 95<br />
Cypripedium parviflorum var. pub. 95<br />
Cypripedium pubescens 95<br />
Cyrtopodium punctatum 95<br />
Cytisinum 56<br />
Cytisus laburnum 56<br />
Cytisus scoparius 56<br />
Dactyladenia dewevrei 39<br />
Dactylis glomerata 108<br />
Dactylorhiza maculata 95<br />
Dalbergia pinnata 56<br />
Damiana 99<br />
Daphne indica 131<br />
Daphne laureola 131<br />
Daphne mezereum 131<br />
Datisca cannabina 47<br />
Datura arborea 129<br />
Datura c<strong>and</strong>ida 129<br />
Datura ferox 129<br />
Datura metel 129<br />
Datura sanguinea 129<br />
Datura stramonium 129<br />
Daturinum 129<br />
Daucus carota 12<br />
Deinbollia oblongifolia 123<br />
Delphininum staphisagria 116.1<br />
Delphinium nudicaule 116.1<br />
Delphinium staphisagria 116.1<br />
Dendranthema x morifolium 20.1<br />
Dendrobium lasianthera 95<br />
Dendrocnide excelsa 133<br />
Dendrocnide sinuata 133<br />
Derris pinnata 56<br />
Deschampsia flexuosa 108<br />
Descurainia sophia 28<br />
Desmodium barbatum 56<br />
Desmodium gangeticum 56<br />
Desmoncus orthacanthos 17<br />
Desmoncus rudentum 17<br />
Dialium ferrum 56<br />
Dialium guianense 56<br />
Dianthera pectoralis 1<br />
Dianthus caryophyllus 37<br />
Dianthus fimbriatus 37<br />
Dianthus orientalis 37<br />
Dicentra canadensis 59<br />
Dicentra cucullaria 59<br />
Dichapetalum cymosum 39<br />
Dichapetalum mombuttense 39<br />
Dichapetalum venenatum 39<br />
Dictamnus albus 121<br />
Dieffenbachia seguine 15<br />
Digitalinum 106<br />
Digitalis lanata 106<br />
Digitalis lutea 106<br />
Digitalis purpurea 106<br />
Digitoxinum 106<br />
Dionaea muscipula 36<br />
Dioscorea communis 49<br />
Dioscorea petrea 49<br />
Dioscorea villosa 49<br />
Dioscoreinum 49<br />
Diosgeninum 49<br />
Diosma linearis 121<br />
Diospyros kaki 51<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xxxi
Diospyros villosa 51<br />
Diospyros whyteana 51<br />
Diplocyclos palmatus 47<br />
Diplotaxis tenuifolia 28<br />
Dipodium punctatum 95<br />
Dipsacus fullonum 50<br />
Dipsacus sylvestris 50<br />
Dipteryx odorata 56<br />
Dirca palustris 131<br />
Dissotis canescens 90<br />
Dissotis incana 90<br />
Ditainum 13<br />
Dittrichia graveolens 20.5<br />
Dittrichia viscosa 20.5<br />
Dodecatheon hendersonii 113<br />
Dolichos pruriens 56<br />
Dorema ammoniacum 12<br />
Doronicum pardalianches 20.4<br />
Dovyalis rhamnoides 122<br />
Dracaena draco 19<br />
Dracunculus vulgaris 15<br />
Drimia maritima 65<br />
Drimys granadensis 34<br />
Drimys winteri 34<br />
Drosera longifolia 36<br />
Drosera rotundifolia 36<br />
Drymaria cordata 37<br />
Dryopteris athamantica 58<br />
Dryopteris filix-mas 58<br />
Dryopteris inaequalis 58<br />
Dryopteris pentheri 58<br />
Duboisia hopwoodii 129<br />
Duboisia myoporoides 129<br />
Duboisinum 129<br />
Dudleya cymosa 46<br />
Dulacia inopiflora 98<br />
Dulcamara 129<br />
Durio zibethinus 79<br />
Dysphania anthelmintica 8<br />
Dysphania botrys 8<br />
Ecballium elaterium 47<br />
Echinacea angustifolia 20.5<br />
Echinacea pallida 20.5<br />
Echinacea purpurea 20.5<br />
Echinopanax horridus 16<br />
Echinops spinosus 20.2<br />
Echites suberecta 13<br />
Echium vulgare 27<br />
Eichhornia crassipes 42<br />
Ekebergia capensis 81<br />
Ekebergia meyeri 81<br />
Elaeis guineensis 17<br />
Elaeocarpus angustifolius 96<br />
Elaeocarpus ganitrus 96<br />
Elaeodendron velutinum 38<br />
Elaterium 47<br />
Elemuy gauteria 11<br />
Elephantorrhiza burchellii 56<br />
Elephantorrhiza elephantina 56<br />
Elettaria cardamomum 138<br />
Eleutherococcus senticosus 16<br />
Embelia kraussii 88<br />
Embelia ribes 88<br />
Embelia ruminata 88<br />
Embelia schimperi 88<br />
Emblica <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 55<br />
Emetinum 120<br />
Emetinum muriaticum 120<br />
Endivia sativa 20.3<br />
Ephedra distachya 63<br />
Ephedra helvetica 63<br />
Ephedra sinica 63<br />
Ephedra vulgaris 63<br />
Epifagus virginiana 98<br />
Epigaea repens 54<br />
Epilobium angustifolium 90<br />
Epilobium hirsutum 90<br />
Epilobium palustre 90<br />
Epilobium spicatum 90<br />
Epilobium tetragonum 90<br />
Epiphegus virginiana 98<br />
Equisetum arvense 53<br />
Equisetum hyemale 53<br />
Equisetum palustre 53<br />
Equisetum variegatum 53<br />
Eranthis hyemalis 116.1<br />
Erechtites hieracifolia 20.4<br />
Erica carnea 54<br />
Erica cinerea 54<br />
Erica vulgaris 54<br />
Erigeron acris 20.5<br />
Erigeron canadensis 20.5<br />
Eriodictyon californicum 27<br />
Eriogonum umbellatum 111<br />
Eriosema cordatum 56<br />
Erlangea cordifolia 20.5<br />
Erodium cicutarium 61<br />
Eruca sativa 28<br />
Ervum ervilia 56<br />
Ervum lens 56<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xxxii ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Eryngium aquaticum 12<br />
Eryngium campestre 12<br />
Eryngium foetidum 12<br />
Eryngium maritimum 12<br />
Erysimum alliaria 28<br />
Erysimum capitatum 28<br />
Erysimum cheiri 28<br />
Erysimum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 28<br />
Erythraea chilensis 60<br />
Erythrina caffra 56<br />
Erythrina lysistemon 56<br />
Erythronium multiscapideum 71<br />
Erythronium purpurascens 71<br />
Erythrophleum judiciale 56<br />
Erythrophleum suaveolens 56<br />
Erythroxylum catuaba 118<br />
Erythroxylum coca 118<br />
Eschscholzia californica 97<br />
Eserinum 56<br />
Espeletia gr<strong>and</strong>iflora 20.5<br />
Eucalyptus camaldulensis 89<br />
Eucalyptus globulus 89<br />
Eucalyptus rostrata 89<br />
Eucalyptus tereticornis 89<br />
Eucalyptus tereticorti 89<br />
Euclea crispa 51<br />
Euclea lanceolata 51<br />
Euclea natalensis 51<br />
Eugenia jambos 89<br />
Euonymus atropurpurea 38<br />
Euonymus europaea 38<br />
Eupatorium aromaticum 20.4<br />
Eupatorium cannabinum 20.4<br />
Eupatorium dendroides 20.4<br />
Eupatorium perfoliatum 20.4<br />
Eupatorium purpureum 20.4<br />
Euphorbia amygdaloides 55<br />
Euphorbia corollata 55<br />
Euphorbia cyparissias 55<br />
Euphorbia esula 55<br />
Euphorbia helioscopia 55<br />
Euphorbia heterodoxa 55<br />
Euphorbia heterophylla 55<br />
Euphorbia hirta 55<br />
Euphorbia hypericifolia 55<br />
Euphorbia ipecacuanhae 55<br />
Euphorbia lathyris 55<br />
Euphorbia marginata 55<br />
Euphorbia milii 55<br />
Euphorbia <strong>of</strong>ficinarum 55<br />
Euphorbia palustris 55<br />
Euphorbia peplus 55<br />
Euphorbia pilosa 55<br />
Euphorbia pilulifera 55<br />
Euphorbia polycarpa 55<br />
Euphorbia prostrata 55<br />
Euphorbia pulcherrima 55<br />
Euphorbia splendens 55<br />
Euphorbia splendida 55<br />
Euphorbium <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 55<br />
Euphrasia <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 98<br />
Euphrasia rostkoviana 98<br />
Eupionum 57<br />
Euterpe oleracea 17<br />
Eysenhardtia adenostylis 56<br />
Eysenhardtia polystachya 56<br />
Faba vulgaris 56<br />
Fabiana imbricata 129<br />
Fagopyrum esculentum 111<br />
Fagus pupurea 57<br />
Fagus sylvatica 57<br />
Fallopia aubertii 111<br />
Ferula assa-foetida 12<br />
Ferula communis 12<br />
Ferula communis subsp. glauca 12<br />
Ferula galbanifera 12<br />
Ferula glauca 12<br />
Ferula narthex 12<br />
Ferula sumbul 12<br />
Ferulago campestris 12<br />
Ferulago galbanifera 12<br />
Festuca arundinacea 108<br />
Festuca elatior 108<br />
Festuca rubra 108<br />
Ficus - strangler fig 84<br />
Ficus benghalensis 84<br />
Ficus carica 84<br />
Ficus indica 84<br />
Ficus macrophylla 84<br />
Ficus religiosa 84<br />
Ficus Selingan Borneo 84<br />
Ficus venosa 84<br />
Filaginella uliginosa 20.5<br />
Filipendula ulmaria 119<br />
Filipendula vulgaris 119<br />
Fleroya stipulosa 120<br />
Flor de piedra 98<br />
Foeniculum anethum 12<br />
Foeniculum dulce 12<br />
Foeniculum sativum 12<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xxxiii
Foeniculum vulgare subsp. vulgare 12<br />
Fragaria moschata 119<br />
Fragaria vesca 119<br />
Fragaria virginiana 119<br />
Franciscea uniflora 129<br />
Frangula alnus 117<br />
Frangula californica subsp. frangula 117<br />
Frangula purshiana 117<br />
Fraxinus americana 94<br />
Fraxinus excelsior 94<br />
Fraxinus ornus 94<br />
Fumaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 59<br />
Furfur iritici 108<br />
Galanga 138<br />
Galanthus nivalis 9<br />
Galega <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 56<br />
Galeobdolon luteum 69<br />
Galeopsis cannabina 69<br />
Galeopsis ladanum 69<br />
Galeopsis nodosa 69<br />
Galeopsis ochroleuca 69<br />
Galeopsis segetum 69<br />
Galeopsis tetrahit 69<br />
Galinsoga parviflora 20.5<br />
Galium album 120<br />
Galium aparine 120<br />
Galium cruciata 120<br />
Galium erectum 120<br />
Galium luteum 120<br />
Galium mollugo 120<br />
Galium odoratum 120<br />
Galium palustre 120<br />
Galium porrigens 120<br />
Galium verum 120<br />
Galla quercina robur 57<br />
Galphimia glauca 78<br />
Gambogia 41<br />
Garcinia cowa 41<br />
Garcinia hanburyi 41<br />
Gardenia jasminoides 120<br />
Gardenia ternifolia 120<br />
Gaultheria hispidula 54<br />
Gaultheria procumbens 54<br />
Gelsemium sempervirens 13<br />
Genista tinctoria 56<br />
Gentian (Bach fl.) 60<br />
Gentiana acaulis 60<br />
Gentiana chirata 60<br />
Gentiana cruciata 60<br />
Gentiana lutea 60<br />
Gentiana perfoliata 60<br />
Gentiana pneumonanthe 60<br />
Gentiana purpurea 60<br />
Gentiana quinquefolia 60<br />
Gentianella amarella 60<br />
Gentianella quinquefolia 60<br />
Ge<strong>of</strong>froya vermifuga 56<br />
Geranium inodorum 61<br />
Geranium maculatum 61<br />
Geranium robertianum 61<br />
Geranium rotundifolium 61<br />
Geranium sanguineum 61<br />
Gerbera ambigua 20.5<br />
Gerbera kraussii 20.5<br />
Geum montanum 119<br />
Geum rivale 119<br />
Geum urbanum 119<br />
Gilia capitata 109<br />
Ginkgo biloba 62<br />
Ginseng 16<br />
Gladiolus communis 71<br />
Glaucium flavum 97<br />
Glebionis coronaria 20.1<br />
Glechoma hederacea 69<br />
Globularia alypum 106<br />
Gloriosa simplex 71<br />
Gloriosa superba 71<br />
Glycine max 56<br />
Glycosmis pentaphylla 121<br />
Glycyrrhiza glabra 56<br />
Gnaphalium leontopodium 20.5<br />
Gnaphalium polycephalum 20.5<br />
Gnaphalium uliginosum 20.5<br />
Gomphocarpus fruticosus 13<br />
Gossypium arboreum 79<br />
Gossypium herbaceum 79<br />
Gossypium hirsutum 79<br />
Gouania longispicata 117<br />
Graderia scabra 98<br />
Granatum 75<br />
Gratiola <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 106<br />
Grewia occidentalis 79<br />
Grindelia camporum 20.5<br />
Grindelia robusta 20.5<br />
Grindelia squarrosa 20.5<br />
Grindelia subalpina 20.5<br />
Guaco 20.4<br />
Guaiacolum 139<br />
Guaiacum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 139<br />
Guarana 123<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xxxiv ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Guarea cedrata 81<br />
Guarea guidonia 81<br />
Guarea trichilioides 81<br />
Guatteria gaumeri 11<br />
Guatteria longifolia 11<br />
Guava 89<br />
Guizotia scabra 20.5<br />
Gunnera perpensa 64<br />
Gutenbergia cordifolia 20.5<br />
Gymnadenia nigra 95<br />
Gymnema sylvestre 13<br />
Gymnocladus canadensis 56<br />
Gymnocladus dioicus 56<br />
Gynura cernua 20.4<br />
Haematoxylum campechianum 56<br />
Hagenia abyssinica 119<br />
Hallea stipulosa 120<br />
Hamamelis virginiana 125<br />
Haplopappus baylahuen 20.5<br />
Harpagophytum procumbens 100<br />
Harrisia pomanensis 32<br />
Harungana madagascariensis 41<br />
Harungana paniculata 41<br />
Hedeoma pulegioides 69<br />
Hedera helix 16<br />
Hedysarum ildefonsianum 56<br />
Heimia salicifolia 75<br />
Heinsia crinita 120<br />
Helianthemum canadense 40<br />
Helianthemum nummularium 40<br />
Helianthus annuus 20.5<br />
Helianthus tuberosus 20.5<br />
Helichrysum stoechas 20.5<br />
Helinus integrifolius 117<br />
Helinus ovatus 117<br />
Heliotropium europaeum 27<br />
Heliotropium indicum 27<br />
Heliotropium peruvianum 27<br />
Helleborus foetidus 116.1<br />
Helleborus niger 116.1<br />
Helleborus orientalis 116.1<br />
Helleborus trifolius 116.1<br />
Helleborus viridis 116.1<br />
Helminthia echioides 20.3<br />
Helonias dioica 80<br />
Helonias erythrosperma 80<br />
Heloninum 80<br />
Hemidesmus indicus 13<br />
Henna 75<br />
Hepatica nobilis 116.4<br />
Hepatica triloba 116.4<br />
Heracleum sphondylium 12<br />
Hern<strong>and</strong>ia nymphaeifolia 70<br />
Hern<strong>and</strong>ia peltata 70<br />
Herniaria glabra 37<br />
Heroinum 97<br />
Hesperis matronalis 28<br />
Heterotis rotundifolia 90<br />
Heuchera americana 125<br />
Hevea brasiliensis 55<br />
Hibiscus arboreus 79<br />
Hibiscus pernambucensis 79<br />
Hibiscus sabdariffa 79<br />
Hibiscus surattensis 79<br />
Hieracium pilosella 20.3<br />
Hieracium umbellatum 20.3<br />
Hippeastrum equestre 9<br />
Hippeastrum puniceum 9<br />
Hippomane mancinella 55<br />
Hippophaë rhamnoides 52<br />
Hoitzia coccinea 109<br />
Holarrhena antidysenterica 13<br />
Holcus lanatus 108<br />
Homeria collina 71<br />
Hordeum murinum 108<br />
Hordeum vulgare 108<br />
Hottonia palustris 113<br />
Hoya carnosa 13<br />
Humea elegans 20.5<br />
Humulus lupulus 35<br />
Huperzia selago 74<br />
Hura brasiliensis 55<br />
Hura crepitans 55<br />
Hyacinthoides non-scripta 65<br />
Hydnocarpus heterophyllus 122<br />
Hydnocarpus kurzii 122<br />
Hydrangea arborescens 45<br />
Hydrastininum muriaticum 116.3<br />
Hydrastininum sulfuricum 116.3<br />
Hydrastinum 116.3<br />
Hydrastinum muriaticum 116.3<br />
Hydrastinum sulphuricum 116.3<br />
Hydrastis canadensis 116.3<br />
Hydrocotyle asiatica 12<br />
Hydrocotyle vulgaris 16<br />
Hydrocyanicum acidum 119<br />
Hydrophyllum virginicum 27<br />
Hygrophila auriculata 1<br />
Hygrophila spinosa 1<br />
Hylotelephium telephium 46<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xxxv
Hymenocardia acida 55<br />
Hyoscyaminum hydrobrom. 129<br />
Hyoscyaminum sulphatum 129<br />
Hyoscyamus niger 129<br />
Hypericum acutum 41<br />
Hypericum aethiopicum 41<br />
Hypericum maculatum 41<br />
Hypericum perforatum 41<br />
Hypericum pulchrum 41<br />
Hypericum quadrangulum 41<br />
Hypericum tetrapterum 41<br />
Hypoestes triflora 1<br />
Hypopitys multiflora 98<br />
Hyptis pectinata 69<br />
Hyptis suaveolens 69<br />
Hyssopus <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 69<br />
Iberis amara 28<br />
Iboga 13<br />
Ictodes foetida 15<br />
Ignatia amara 73<br />
Ilex aquifolium 14<br />
Ilex cassine 14<br />
Ilex paraguariensis 14<br />
Ilex vertillicata 14<br />
Ilex vomitoria 14<br />
Illecebrum verticillatum 37<br />
Illicium anisatum 67<br />
Illicium japonicum 67<br />
Illicium religiosum 67<br />
Illicium verum 67<br />
Impatiens balsamina 21<br />
Impatiens capensis 21<br />
Impatiens gl<strong>and</strong>ulifera 21<br />
Impatiens noli-tangere 21<br />
Impatiens roylei 21<br />
Impatiens walleriana alba 21<br />
Imperatoria ostruthium 12<br />
Indigo 56<br />
Indig<strong>of</strong>era atriceps 56<br />
Inula conyzae 20.5<br />
Inula dysenterica 20.5<br />
Inula graveolens 20.5<br />
Inula helenium 20.5<br />
Inula pulicaria 20.5<br />
Inula viscosa 20.5<br />
Inulinum 20.5<br />
Ipecacuanha 120<br />
Ipomoea alba 43<br />
Ipomoea batatas 43<br />
Ipomoea ficifolia 43<br />
Ipomoea nil 43<br />
Ipomoea purga 43<br />
Ipomoea purpurea 43<br />
Ipomoea stans 43<br />
Ipomoea tricolor 43<br />
Ipomoea violacea 43<br />
Iresine calea 8<br />
Iris factissima 71<br />
Iris flavissima 71<br />
Iris florentina 71<br />
Iris foetidissima 71<br />
Iris germanica 71<br />
Iris hartwegii 71<br />
Iris humilis 71<br />
Iris pseudacorus 71<br />
Iris pumila 71<br />
Iris tenax 71<br />
Iris versicolor 71<br />
Irisinum 71<br />
Isatis tinctoria 28<br />
Jabor<strong>and</strong>i 121<br />
Jacar<strong>and</strong>a caroba 25<br />
Jacar<strong>and</strong>a gual<strong>and</strong>ay 25<br />
Jacar<strong>and</strong>a mimosifolia 25<br />
Jacobaea adonidifolia 20.4<br />
Jacobaea alpina 20.4<br />
Jacobaea maritima 20.4<br />
Jalapa 43<br />
Jasminum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 94<br />
Jateorhiza palmata 82<br />
Jatropha curcas 55<br />
Jatropha gossypifolia 55<br />
Jatropha urens 55<br />
Jeffersonia diphylla 23<br />
Jet 103<br />
Jonesia asoca 56<br />
Juglans cinerea 68<br />
Juglans nigra 68<br />
Juglans pecan 68<br />
Juglans regia 68<br />
Juncus effusus 108<br />
Juncus jacquini 108<br />
Juncus pilosus 108<br />
Juniperus brasiliensis 103<br />
Juniperus communis 103<br />
Juniperus oxycedrus 103<br />
Juniperus oxycedrus pix 103<br />
Juniperus phoenicea 103<br />
Juniperus sabina 103<br />
Juniperus virginiana 103<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xxxvi ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Justicia adhatoda 1<br />
Justicia pectoralis 1<br />
Justicia rubrum 1<br />
Kalanchoe pinnata 46<br />
Kalmia latifolia 54<br />
Kamala 55<br />
Karaka 44<br />
Karwinskia humboldtiana 117<br />
Khaya senegalensis 81<br />
Khellin 12<br />
Kickxia elatine 106<br />
Kickxia spuria 106<br />
Kigelia africana 25<br />
Kino pterocarpi 56<br />
Knautia arvensis 50<br />
Kola 79<br />
Kousso 119<br />
Krameria lappacea 98<br />
Krameria tri<strong>and</strong>ra 98<br />
Kreosotum 57<br />
Laburnum anagyroides 56<br />
Lachnanthes caroliniana 42<br />
Lachnanthes tinctoria 42<br />
Lactuca elongata 20.3<br />
Lactuca sativa 20.3<br />
Lactuca scariola 20.3<br />
Lactuca virosa 20.3<br />
Lactucarium thridace 20.3<br />
Lagenaria sphaerica 47<br />
Lagochilus inebrians 69<br />
Lagynias lasiantha 120<br />
Lamium album 69<br />
Lamium amplexicaule 69<br />
Lamium galeobdolon 69<br />
Lamium maculatum 69<br />
Lamium purpureum 69<br />
Lampranthus multiradiatus 5<br />
Lantana camara 134<br />
Lantana trifolia 134<br />
Lapathum acutum 111<br />
Lappa arctium 20.2<br />
Lapsana communis 20.3<br />
Larix decidua 103<br />
Larix europaea 103<br />
Larrea tridentata 139<br />
Latex vulcani 55<br />
Lathyrus latifolius 56<br />
Lathyrus odoratus 56<br />
Lathyrus sativus 56<br />
Lathyrus sylvestris 56<br />
Laurocerasus 119<br />
Laurus benzoin 70<br />
Laurus nobilis 70<br />
Laurus persea 70<br />
Lav<strong>and</strong>ula angustifolia 69<br />
Lav<strong>and</strong>ula latifolia 69<br />
Lawsonia inermis 75<br />
Ledum palustre 54<br />
Lemna gibba 15<br />
Lemna minor 15<br />
Lens culinaris 56<br />
Leonotis leonurus 69<br />
Leonotis ovata 69<br />
Leontopodium alpinum 20.5<br />
Leonurus cardiaca 69<br />
Lepidium bonariense 28<br />
Lepidium iberis 28<br />
Lepidium sativum 28<br />
Lept<strong>and</strong>ra virginica 106<br />
Leptolobium elegans 56<br />
Leptospermum scoparium 89<br />
Lespedeza capitata 56<br />
Lespedeza sieboldii 56<br />
Lessertia frutescens 56<br />
Leucaena glauca 56<br />
Leucaena leucocephala 56<br />
Leucanthemum vulgare 20.1<br />
Leucas aspera 69<br />
Leucas capensis 69<br />
Leucophyllus 46<br />
Levisticum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 12<br />
Leycesteria formosa 50<br />
Liatris spicata 20.4<br />
Licania utilis 39<br />
Licaria puchury-major 70<br />
Lichtensteinia interrupta 12<br />
Ligustrum vulgare 94<br />
Lilium album 71<br />
Lilium c<strong>and</strong>idum 71<br />
Lilium humboldtii 71<br />
Lilium lancifolium 71<br />
Lilium longiflorum 71<br />
Lilium martagon 71<br />
Lilium parvum 71<br />
Lilium superbum 71<br />
Lilium tigrinum 71<br />
Limnanthes alba 28<br />
Limonium brasiliensis 107<br />
Linaria elatine 106<br />
Linaria repens 106<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xxxvii
Linaria spuria 106<br />
Linaria striata 106<br />
Linaria vulgaris 106<br />
Lindera benzoin 70<br />
Linum catharticum 72<br />
Linum usitatissimum 72<br />
Lippia asperifolia 134<br />
Lippia citrodora 134<br />
Lippia javanica 134<br />
Lippia mexicana 134<br />
Liriosma ovata 98<br />
Litchi sinensis 123<br />
Lithospermum arvense 27<br />
Loasa tricolor 45<br />
Lobelia acetum 33<br />
Lobelia cardinalis 33<br />
Lobelia dortmanna 33<br />
Lobelia erinus 33<br />
Lobelia inflata 33<br />
Lobelia purpurascens 33<br />
Lobelia siphilitica 33<br />
Lobelia urens 33<br />
Lobelinum 33<br />
Lobelinum muriaticum 33<br />
Lobelinum sulfuricum 33<br />
Lobularia maritima 28<br />
Lodoicea maldivica 17<br />
Loeselia mexicana 109<br />
Lolium italicum 108<br />
Lolium temulentum 108<br />
Lonicera caprifolium 50<br />
Lonicera etrusca 50<br />
Lonicera nigra 50<br />
Lonicera periclymenum 50<br />
Lonicera xylosteum 50<br />
Lophophora williamsii 32<br />
Lophophytum le<strong>and</strong>rii 98<br />
Loranthus scurrula 98<br />
Lotus corniculatus 56<br />
Lucuma glycyphloea 123<br />
Luffa acutangula 47<br />
Luffa acutangula var. amara 47<br />
Luffa amara 47<br />
Luffa bindal 47<br />
Luffa echinata 47<br />
Luffa operculata 47<br />
Luffa sphaerica 47<br />
Luma chequen 89<br />
Lupinus albus 56<br />
Lupulinum 35<br />
Luzula pilosa 108<br />
Lycium barbarum 129<br />
Lycopersicon esculentum 129<br />
Lycopodium clavatum 74<br />
Lycopodium selago 74<br />
Lycopsis arvensis 27<br />
Lycopus europaeus 69<br />
Lycopus virginicus 69<br />
Lyonia lucida 54<br />
Lyonia mariana 54<br />
Lysimachia nummularia 88<br />
Lysimachia ruhmeriana 88<br />
Lysimachia vulgaris 88<br />
Lythrum salicaria 75<br />
Maclura pomifera 84<br />
Macrotinum 116.4<br />
Macrozamia spiralis 48<br />
Maesa lanceolata 76<br />
Maesa trichophlebia 76<br />
Maesobotrya floribunda 55<br />
Magnolia glauca 77<br />
Magnolia gr<strong>and</strong>iflora 77<br />
Magnolia mexicana 77<br />
Mahonia aquifolium 23<br />
Mallotus philippinensis 55<br />
Malmea depressa 11<br />
Malmea gaumeri 11<br />
Malosma laurina 10<br />
Malus communis 119<br />
Malus domestica 119<br />
Malus fusca 119<br />
Malus pumila 119<br />
Malva alcea 79<br />
Malva moschata 79<br />
Malva neglecta 79<br />
Malva parviflora 79<br />
Malva sylvestris 79<br />
Malvaviscus arboreus 79<br />
Mancinella 55<br />
M<strong>and</strong>ragora <strong>of</strong>ficinarum 129<br />
Mangifera indica 10<br />
Manihot esculenta 55<br />
Manilkara zapota 124<br />
Manzanita 54<br />
Maranta arundinacea 138<br />
Markhamia lutea 25<br />
Marrubium album 69<br />
Marrubium vulgare 69<br />
Marsdenia cundurango 13<br />
Matico 104<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xxxviii ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Matricaria discoidea 20.1<br />
Matricaria inodora 20.1<br />
Matricaria recutita 20.1<br />
Matthiola graeca 28<br />
MDMA 63<br />
Meconinum 97<br />
Meconopsis betonicifolia 97<br />
Medicago lupulina 56<br />
Medicago sativa 56<br />
Melaleuca alternifolia 89<br />
Melaleuca cajuputi 89<br />
Melaleuca hypericifolia 89<br />
Melampyrum arvense 98<br />
Melastoma ackermanni 90<br />
Melastoma hirta 90<br />
Melilotus albus 56<br />
Melilotus altissima 56<br />
Melilotus <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 56<br />
Melissa <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 69<br />
Melittis gr<strong>and</strong>iflora 69<br />
Melittis melissophyllum 69<br />
Menispermum canadense 82<br />
Menispermum cocculus 82<br />
Menispermum rakta 82<br />
Mentha aquatica 69<br />
Mentha arvensis 69<br />
Mentha longifolia 69<br />
Mentha piperita 69<br />
Mentha pulegium 69<br />
Mentha rotundifolia 69<br />
Mentha spicata 69<br />
Mentha sylvestris 69<br />
Mentha viridis 69<br />
Mentholum 69<br />
Menyanthes trifoliata 83<br />
Mercurialis annua 55<br />
Mercurialis perennis 55<br />
Mescalinum 32<br />
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum 5<br />
Mespilus germanica 119<br />
Mesua ferrea 41<br />
Meum athamanticum 12<br />
Mezereum 131<br />
Microglossa pyrifolia 20.5<br />
Micromeria douglasii 69<br />
Mikania amara 20.4<br />
Mikania cordata 20.4<br />
Mikania guaco 20.4<br />
Mikania setigera 20.4<br />
Millefolium 20.1<br />
Mimosa dormiens 56<br />
Mimosa humilis 56<br />
Mimosa microphylla 56<br />
Mimosa nuttallii 56<br />
Mimosa pudica 56<br />
Mimosa quadriv. var. angustata 56<br />
Mimosa quadrivalvis var. nuttallii 56<br />
Mimulus guttatus 101<br />
Mimulus luteus 101<br />
Minuartia glabra 37<br />
Mirabilis jalapa 91<br />
Misodendrum oblongifolium 98<br />
Mitchella repens 120<br />
Mitragyna speciosa 120<br />
Mitragyna stipulosa 120<br />
Molinia caerulea 108<br />
Momordica balsamina 47<br />
Momordica charantia 47<br />
Momordica foetida 47<br />
Momordica involucrata 47<br />
Monarda didyma 69<br />
Monarda fistulosa 69<br />
Monarda punctata 69<br />
Mondia whitei 13<br />
Monotropa hypopitys 98<br />
Monotropa uniflora 98<br />
Monsonia ovata 61<br />
Monstera deliciosa 15<br />
Monstera pertusa 15<br />
Moquilea utilis 39<br />
Moraea flaccida 71<br />
Morella cerifera 86<br />
Morinda citrifolia 120<br />
Morinda lucida 120<br />
Morinda morindoides 120<br />
Moringa oleifera 28<br />
Moringa pterygosperma 28<br />
Morphinum 97<br />
Morphinum aceticum 97<br />
Morphinum <strong>and</strong> salts 97<br />
Morphinum muriaticum 97<br />
Morphinum sulphuricum 97<br />
Morus nigra 84<br />
Mucuna pruriens 56<br />
Mucuna urens 56<br />
Murure leite 84<br />
Musa paradisiaca 138<br />
Musa sapientum 138<br />
Musanga cecropiodes 133<br />
Myosotis arvensis 27<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xxxix
Myosotis sylvatica 27<br />
Myosotis symphytifolia 27<br />
Myosoton aquaticum 37<br />
Myrica cerifera 86<br />
Myrica gale 86<br />
Myristica fragrans 87<br />
Myristica sebifera 87<br />
Myroxylon balsamum 56<br />
Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae 56<br />
Myrrha 30<br />
Myrrhis odorata 12<br />
Myrtillocactus geometrizans 32<br />
Myrtus cheken 89<br />
Myrtus communis 89<br />
Myrtus pimenta 89<br />
Mystroxylon aethiopicum 38<br />
Nabalus albus 20.3<br />
Nabalus serpentarius 20.3<br />
Narceinum 97<br />
Narcissus poeticus 9<br />
Narcissus pseudonarcissus 9<br />
Narcotinum 97<br />
Narcotinum aceticum 97<br />
Narcotinum muriaticum 97<br />
Narthecium ossifragum 49<br />
Nasturtium aquaticum 28<br />
Nasturtium <strong>of</strong>ficinale 28<br />
Natrum salicylicum 122<br />
Nauclea latifolia 120<br />
Nect<strong>and</strong>ra amara 70<br />
Nect<strong>and</strong>ra puchury major 70<br />
Negundium americanum 123<br />
Negundo fraxinifolium 123<br />
Nelumbium luteum 114<br />
Nelumbo lutea 114<br />
Nelumbo nucifera 114<br />
Nemophila menziesii 27<br />
Neorautanenia mitis 56<br />
Neottia nidus avis 95<br />
Nepenthes distillatoria 36<br />
Nepeta cataria 69<br />
Nephelium litchi 123<br />
Nerium ole<strong>and</strong>er 13<br />
Nicotiana rustica 129<br />
Nicotiana tabacum 129<br />
Nicotinum 129<br />
Nigella damascena 116.2<br />
Nigella sativa 116.2<br />
Nigritella angustifolia 95<br />
Noscapinum 97<br />
Nuphar lutea 92<br />
Nuphar pumila 92<br />
Nux absurda 17<br />
Nux moschata 87<br />
Nux vomica 73<br />
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis 94<br />
Nymphaea alba 92<br />
Nymphaea nouchali 92<br />
Nymphaea odorata 92<br />
Nymphaea rubra 92<br />
Ochna atropurpurea 93<br />
Ochna serrulata 93<br />
Ocimum basillicum 69<br />
Ocimum campechianum 69<br />
Ocimum canum 69<br />
Ocimum caryophyllatum 69<br />
Ocimum gratissimum 69<br />
Ocimum micranthum 69<br />
Ocimum sanctum 69<br />
Ocimum suave 69<br />
Ocimum tenuiflorum 69<br />
Oenanthe crocata 12<br />
Oenanthe fistulosa 12<br />
Oenanthe phell<strong>and</strong>rium 12<br />
Oenothera biennis 90<br />
Okoubaka aubrevillei 98<br />
Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia affinis 120<br />
Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia decumbens 120<br />
Oldenl<strong>and</strong>ia herbacea 120<br />
Olea europea 94<br />
Oleae europeae oleum 94<br />
Ole<strong>and</strong>er 13<br />
Oleum haarlem 103<br />
Oleum lav<strong>and</strong>ulae 69<br />
Oleum patchouli 69<br />
Oleum santali 98<br />
Oleum succinum 103<br />
Olibanum sacrum 30<br />
Olibanum socotrinum 30<br />
Olinia ventosa 90<br />
Onobrychis sativa 56<br />
Onobrychis viciifolia 56<br />
Ononis natrix 56<br />
Ononis repens 56<br />
Ononis spinosa 56<br />
Onopordum acanthium 20.2<br />
Onosmodium virginianum 27<br />
Operculina turpethum 43<br />
Opium 97<br />
Oplopanax horridus 16<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xl ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Opopanax chironium 12<br />
Opuntia aciculata 32<br />
Opuntia alba-spina 32<br />
Opuntia cochinillifera 32<br />
Opuntia ficus-indica 32<br />
Opuntia humifusa 32<br />
Opuntia spina alba 32<br />
Opuntia streptacantha 32<br />
Opuntia vulgaris 32<br />
Orchis maculata 95<br />
Oreodaphne californica 70<br />
Origanum creticum 69<br />
Origanum dictamnus 69<br />
Origanum majorana 69<br />
Origanum vulgare 69<br />
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum 65<br />
Ornithogalum umbellatum 65<br />
Orobanche caryophyllacea 98<br />
Orobanche major 98<br />
Orobanche ramosa 98<br />
Orthosiphon stamineus 69<br />
Oryza sativa 108<br />
Osmunda regalis 58<br />
Osteospermum nervatum 20.5<br />
Ostrya virginica 24<br />
Osyris alba 98<br />
Othonna natalensis 20.4<br />
Ouabainum 13<br />
Oxalicum acidum 96<br />
Oxalis acetosella 96<br />
Oxalis corniculata 96<br />
Oxalis semiloba 96<br />
Oxydendrum arboreum 54<br />
Oxytropis campestris 56<br />
Oxytropis lambertii 56<br />
Packera aurea 20.4<br />
Paeonia <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 125<br />
Paliurus aculeatus 117<br />
Paliurus spina-christi 117<br />
Paloondo 139<br />
Panax ginseng 16<br />
Panax horridum 16<br />
Panax quinquefolius 16<br />
Panna 58<br />
Panzerina lanata 69<br />
Papainum 28<br />
Papaver dubium 97<br />
Papaver rhoeas 97<br />
Papaver somniferum 97<br />
Papaverinum 97<br />
Papaverinum muriaticum 97<br />
Pareira brava 82<br />
Parietaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 133<br />
Paris quadrifolia 80<br />
Paritium tiliaceum 79<br />
Parnassia palustris 38<br />
Paronychia illecebrum 8<br />
Parthenium hysterophorus 20.5<br />
Parthenocissus quinquefolia 136<br />
Parthenocissus tricuspidata veitchii 136<br />
Passiflora caerulea 99<br />
Passiflora incarnata 99<br />
Pastinaca sativa 12<br />
Pastinaca urens 12<br />
Paullinia cupana 123<br />
Paullinia pinnata 123<br />
Pausinystalia johimbe 120<br />
Pedicularis canadensis 98<br />
Peganum harmala 139<br />
Pelargonium odoratissimum 61<br />
Pelargonium reniforme 61<br />
Pelletierinum 75<br />
Peniocereus serpentinus 32<br />
Pentaclethra macrophylla 56<br />
Pentadipl<strong>and</strong>ra brazzeana 28<br />
Penthorum sedoides 125<br />
Perideridia bol<strong>and</strong>eri 12<br />
Perilla frutescens 69<br />
Periploca graeca 13<br />
Perobinha 13<br />
Persea americana 70<br />
Persicaria amphibia 111<br />
Persicaria hydropiper 111<br />
Persicaria hydropiperoides 111<br />
Persicaria maculosa 111<br />
Persicaria sagittata 111<br />
Petasites fragrans 20.4<br />
Petasites hybridus 20.4<br />
Petiveria alliacea 102<br />
Petiveria tetr<strong>and</strong>ra 102<br />
Petroselinum crispum 12<br />
Petroselinum sativum 12<br />
Peucedanum galbanum 12<br />
Peucedanum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 12<br />
Peucedanum oreoselinum 12<br />
Peucedanum ostruthium 12<br />
Peumus boldus 70<br />
Phaseolus lunatus 56<br />
Phaseolus nanus 56<br />
Phaseolus vulgaris 56<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xli
Phell<strong>and</strong>rium aquaticum 12<br />
Philadelphus coronarius 45<br />
Phillyrea angustifolia 94<br />
Phillyrea latifolia 94<br />
Philodendron pertusum 15<br />
Phlebodium aureum 58<br />
Phleum pratense 108<br />
Phoenix dactylifera 17<br />
Phoradendron flavescens 98<br />
Phoradendron leucarpum 98<br />
Phormium tenax 137<br />
Phragmites australis 108<br />
Phyla dulcis 134<br />
Phyllanthus amarus 55<br />
Phyllanthus casticum 55<br />
Phyllanthus emblica 55<br />
Phyllanthus fraternus 55<br />
Phyllanthus niruri 55<br />
Phyllodoce breweri 54<br />
Physalis alkekengi 129<br />
Physalis angulata 129<br />
Physalis peruviana 129<br />
Physostigma venenosum 56<br />
Phytolacca americana 102<br />
Phytolacca dec<strong>and</strong>ra 102<br />
Picea abies 103<br />
Picea excelsa 103<br />
Picea mariana 103<br />
Picea nigra 103<br />
Picea pungens 103<br />
Picris echioides 20.3<br />
Picrorrhiza (kurrooa) 106<br />
Picrotoxicum acidum 82<br />
Picrotoxinum 82<br />
Piliostigma thonningii 56<br />
Pilocarpinum muriaticum 121<br />
Pilocarpus jabor<strong>and</strong>i 121<br />
Pilocarpus microphyllus 121<br />
Pilosella <strong>of</strong>ficinarum 20.3<br />
Pimenta <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 89<br />
Pimentia dioica 89<br />
Pimpinella anisum 12<br />
Pimpinella saxifraga 12<br />
Pinguicula vulgaris 36<br />
Pinus contorta 103<br />
Pinus cupressus 103<br />
Pinus lambertiana 103<br />
Pinus longaeva 103<br />
Pinus montana 103<br />
Pinus palustris 103<br />
Pinus pinaster 103<br />
Pinus sylvestris 103<br />
Pinus teocote 103<br />
Piper aduncum 104<br />
Piper angustifolium 104<br />
Piper cubeba 104<br />
Piper guineense 104<br />
Piper methysticum 104<br />
Piper nigrum 104<br />
Piscidia erythrina 56<br />
Piscidia piscipula 56<br />
Pistacia lentiscus 10<br />
Pistacia vera 10<br />
Pisum sativum 56<br />
Pittosporum viridiflorum 105<br />
Pix liquida 103<br />
Plantago arenaria 106<br />
Plantago coronopus 106<br />
Plantago lanceolata 106<br />
Plantago major 106<br />
Plantago minor 106<br />
Plantago psyllium 106<br />
Platanus occidentalis 114<br />
Platanus orientalis 114<br />
Plectranthus amboinicus 69<br />
Plectranthus barbatus 69<br />
Plectranthus fruticosus 69<br />
Plectronia ventosa 90<br />
Pleurochaete squarrosa 85<br />
Plumbago auriculata 107<br />
Plumbago capensis 107<br />
Plumbago europaea 107<br />
Plumbago littoralis 107<br />
Plumbago sc<strong>and</strong>ens 107<br />
Plumeria alba 13<br />
Plumeria celinus 13<br />
Plumeria rubra 13<br />
Poa pratensis 108<br />
Podophyllinum 23<br />
Podophyllum peltatum 23<br />
Pogostemon cablin 69<br />
Poinciana pulcherrima 56<br />
Polemonium caeruleum 109<br />
Polyalthia longifolia 11<br />
Polygala amara 110<br />
Polygala fruticosa 110<br />
Polygala oppositifolia 110<br />
Polygala senega 110<br />
Polygala vulgaris 110<br />
Polygonatum multiflorum 19<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xlii ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Polygonatum odoratum 19<br />
Polygonatum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 19<br />
Polygonatum vulgare 19<br />
Polygonum amphibium 111<br />
Polygonum aviculare 111<br />
Polygonum bistorta 111<br />
Polygonum bistortoides 111<br />
Polygonum hydropiperoides 111<br />
Polygonum maritimum 111<br />
Polygonum persicaria 111<br />
Polygonum sagittatum 111<br />
Polymnia uvedalia 20.5<br />
Polypodium calaguala 58<br />
Polypodium vulgare 58<br />
Polytrichum commune 85<br />
Polytrichum juniperinum 85<br />
Populus balsamifera 122<br />
Populus canadensis 122<br />
Populus c<strong>and</strong>icans 122<br />
Populus nigra 122<br />
Populus tremula 122<br />
Populus tremuloides 122<br />
Populus trichocarpa 122<br />
Portulaca oleracea 112<br />
Portulaca pilosa 112<br />
Potamogeton natans 6<br />
Potentilla anserina 119<br />
Potentilla argentea 119<br />
Potentilla aurea 119<br />
Potentilla erecta 119<br />
Potentilla gl<strong>and</strong>ulosa 119<br />
Potentilla palustris 119<br />
Potentilla reptans 119<br />
Poterium sanguisorba 119<br />
Poterium spinosum 119<br />
Pothos foetidus 15<br />
Pradosia lactescens 124<br />
Pratia purpurascens 33<br />
Prenanthes alba 20.3<br />
Primula auricula 113<br />
Primula farinosa 113<br />
Primula hendersonii 113<br />
Primula obconica 113<br />
Primula veris 113<br />
Primula vulgaris 113<br />
Prinos verticillatus1 14<br />
Priva cordifolia 134<br />
Priva leptostachya 134<br />
Prunella vulgaris 69<br />
Prunus amygdalus 119<br />
Prunus armeniaca 119<br />
Prunus avium 119<br />
Prunus cerasifera 119<br />
Prunus cerasus 119<br />
Prunus domestica 119<br />
Prunus dulcis 119<br />
Prunus laurocerasus 119<br />
Prunus mahaleb 119<br />
Prunus padus 119<br />
Prunus persica 119<br />
Prunus spinosa 119<br />
Prunus virginiana 119<br />
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium 20.5<br />
Pseudotsuga menziesii 103<br />
Psidium guayava 89<br />
Psoralea bituminosa 56<br />
Psoralea corylifolia 56<br />
Psoralea pinnata 56<br />
Psychotria ipecacuanha 120<br />
Ptarmica nana 20.1<br />
Ptelea trifoliata 121<br />
Pteridium aquilinum 58<br />
Pteris aquilina 58<br />
Pterocarpus marsupium 56<br />
Pueraria lobata 56<br />
Pulicaria dysenterica 20.5<br />
Pulicaria vulgaris 20.5<br />
Pulmonaria angustifolia 27<br />
Pulmonaria montana 27<br />
Pulmonaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 27<br />
Pulmonaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis x montana 27<br />
Pulmonaria picta 27<br />
Pulmonaria tuberosa 27<br />
Pulmonaria vulgaris 27<br />
Pulsatilla montana 116.4<br />
Pulsatilla nuttaliana 116.4<br />
Pulsatilla patens subsp. multifida 116.4<br />
Pulsatilla pratensis 116.4<br />
Pulsatilla vulgaris 116.4<br />
Punica granatum 75<br />
Pycnostachys eminii 69<br />
Pyrenacantha sc<strong>and</strong>ens 66<br />
Pyrethrum <strong>of</strong>ficinarum 20.1<br />
Pyrethrum parthenium 20.1<br />
Pyrola minor 54<br />
Pyrola rotundifolia 54<br />
Pyrus americana 119<br />
Pyrus communis 119<br />
Pyrus malus 119<br />
Quassia amara 127<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xliii
Quebracho 13<br />
Quercus 57<br />
Quercus lobata 57<br />
Quercus pubescens 57<br />
Quercus robur 57<br />
Quercus robur gl<strong>and</strong>ium spir. 57<br />
Quillaja saponaria 115<br />
Rafflesia arnoldii 98<br />
Rajania subsamarata 10<br />
Ranunculus acris 116.4<br />
Ranunculus bulbosus 116.4<br />
Ranunculus ficaria 116.4<br />
Ranunculus flammula 116.4<br />
Ranunculus glacialis 116.4<br />
Ranunculus pinnatus 116.4<br />
Ranunculus repens 116.4<br />
Ranunculus sceleratus 116.4<br />
Raphanistrum arvense 28<br />
Raphanus sativus 28<br />
Ratanhia peruviana 98<br />
Raulinoreitzia crenulata 20.4<br />
Rauwolfia serpentina 13<br />
Reserpinum 13<br />
Rhamnus californica 117<br />
Rhamnus cathartica 117<br />
Rhamnus frangula 117<br />
Rhamnus prinoides 117<br />
Rhamnus purshiana 117<br />
Rhaphidophora pertusa 15<br />
Rhaphispermum gerardioides 98<br />
Rhaponticoides africana 20.2<br />
Rheum palmatum 111<br />
Rheum rhaponticum 111<br />
Rhizophora mangle 118<br />
Rhodiola rosea 46<br />
Rhododendron aureum 54<br />
Rhododendron chrysanthum 54<br />
Rhododendron ferrugineum 54<br />
Rhododendron tomentosum 54<br />
Rhoicissus tridentata cuneifolia 136<br />
Rhus aromatica 10<br />
Rhus cotinus 10<br />
Rhus diversilobia 10<br />
Rhus glabra 10<br />
Rhus laurina 10<br />
Rhus radicans 10<br />
Rhus succedanea 10<br />
Rhus toxicodendron 10<br />
Rhus typhina 10<br />
Rhus venenata 10<br />
Ribes nigrum 125<br />
Ribes rubrum 125<br />
Ribes uva-crispa 125<br />
Ricinodendron heudelotii 55<br />
Ricinus communis 55<br />
Robinia pseudoacacia 56<br />
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum 28<br />
Rosa bracteata 119<br />
Rosa canina 119<br />
Rosa centifolia 119<br />
Rosa damascena 119<br />
Rosa gallica 119<br />
Rosa rubra 119<br />
Rosa St. Francis 119<br />
Rosmarinus <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 69<br />
Royena lucida 51<br />
Royena villosa 51<br />
Rubia cordifolia 120<br />
Rubia tinctorum 120<br />
Rubus caesius 119<br />
Rubus chamaemorus 119<br />
Rubus frondosus 119<br />
Rubus fruticosus 119<br />
Rubus idaeus 119<br />
Rubus rigidus 119<br />
Rubus villosus 119<br />
Rudbeckia hirta 20.5<br />
Rumex abyssinicus 111<br />
Rumex acetosa 111<br />
Rumex acetosella 111<br />
Rumex alpinus 111<br />
Rumex aquaticus 111<br />
Rumex crispus 111<br />
Rumex obtusifolius 111<br />
Rumex patientia 111<br />
Ruscus aculeatus 19<br />
Ruta angustifolia 121<br />
Ruta graveolens 121<br />
Sabadilla 80<br />
Sabal serrulata 17<br />
Sabatia angularis 60<br />
Sabina 103<br />
Saccharum <strong>of</strong>ficinarum 108<br />
Sagittaria sagittifolia 6<br />
Salicaria purpurea 75<br />
Salicinum 122<br />
Salicornia europaea 8<br />
Salicylicum acidum 122<br />
Salix alba 122<br />
Salix americana 122<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xliv ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Salix babylonica 122<br />
Salix fragilis 122<br />
Salix lasiolepis 122<br />
Salix madagascariensis 122<br />
Salix mollissima 122<br />
Salix nigra 122<br />
Salix purpurea 122<br />
Salix viminalis 122<br />
Salix vitellina 122<br />
Salolum 122<br />
Salsola tragus 8<br />
Salvia divinorum 69<br />
Salvia <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 69<br />
Salvia pratensis 69<br />
Salvia sclarea 69<br />
Salvia sonomensis 69<br />
Salvia verbenaca 69<br />
Salvia verticillata 69<br />
Sambucus canadensis 50<br />
Sambucus ebulus 50<br />
Sambucus nigra 50<br />
Sambucus racemosa 50<br />
Sanguinaria canadensis 97<br />
Sanguinarinum 97<br />
Sanguinarinum aceticum 97<br />
Sanguinarinum nitricum 97<br />
Sanguinarinum tartaricum 97<br />
Sanguisorba minor 119<br />
Sanguisorba <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 119<br />
Sanicula europaea 12<br />
Sansevieria trifasciata 19<br />
Santalum album 98<br />
Santolina chamaecyparissus 20.1<br />
Santoninum 20.1<br />
Sapindus oblongifolius 123<br />
Sapindus saponaria 123<br />
Saponaria <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 37<br />
Saponinum 37<br />
Sapota achras 124<br />
Saraca asoca 56<br />
Sarcocephalus latifolius 120<br />
Sarcopoterium spinosum 119<br />
Sarothamnus scoparius 56<br />
Sarracenia purpurea 36<br />
Sarsaparilla <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 71<br />
Sassafras albidum 70<br />
Sassafras <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 70<br />
Satureja hortensis 69<br />
Satureja montana 69<br />
Saururus cernuus 104<br />
Saxifraga granulata 125<br />
Scabiosa columbaria 50<br />
Scabiosa succisa 50<br />
Sceletium tortuosum 5<br />
Schinus molle 10<br />
Schoenocaulon <strong>of</strong>ficinale 80<br />
Schoenoplectus paludicola 108<br />
Schotia brachypetala 56<br />
Scilla bifolia 65<br />
Scirpus paludicola 108<br />
Scleranthus annuus 37<br />
Sclerocarya alba 10<br />
Scolopendrium vulgare 58<br />
Scopolaminum bromatum 129<br />
Scopolaminum bromhydricum 129<br />
Scopolia carniolica 129<br />
Scopolia japonica 129<br />
Scrophularia auriculata 126<br />
Scrophularia maril<strong>and</strong>ica 126<br />
Scrophularia nodosa 126<br />
Scurrula parasitica 98<br />
Scutellaria galericulata 69<br />
Scutellaria laterifolia 69<br />
Secale cereale 108<br />
Securidaca longepedunculata 110<br />
Securigera varia 56<br />
Sedum acre 46<br />
Sedum album 46<br />
Sedum alpestre 46<br />
Sedum cepaea 46<br />
Sedum reflexum 46<br />
Sedum repens 46<br />
Sedum rubens 46<br />
Sedum telephium 46<br />
Selaginella apoda 74<br />
Selaginella apus 74<br />
Selenicereus gr<strong>and</strong>iflorus 32<br />
Selinum carvifolia 12<br />
Semecarpus anacardium 10<br />
Semen tiglii 55<br />
Sempervivum arachnoideum 46<br />
Sempervivum tectorum 46<br />
Senebiera coronopus 28<br />
Senecio adonidifolius 20.4<br />
Senecio ambavilla 20.4<br />
Senecio aurantiacus 20.4<br />
Senecio aureus 20.4<br />
Senecio cordatus 20.4<br />
Senecio doronicum 20.4<br />
Senecio faniasioides 20.4<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xlv
Senecio fuchsii 20.4<br />
Senecio incanus 20.4<br />
Senecio jacobaea 20.4<br />
Senecio mannii 20.4<br />
Senecio sarracenicus 20.4<br />
Senecio speciosus 20.4<br />
Senecio sylvaticus 20.4<br />
Senecio vulgaris 20.4<br />
Senega 110<br />
Senna 56<br />
Senna alata 56<br />
Senna alex<strong>and</strong>rina 56<br />
Senna italica 56<br />
Senna occidentalis 56<br />
Senna septemtrionalis 56<br />
Senna sophera 56<br />
Sequoia sempervirens 103<br />
Sequoiadendron giganteum 103<br />
Serenoa repens 17<br />
Seriphidium cinum 20.1<br />
Serpentaria aristolochia 18<br />
Sesamum indicum 100<br />
Sida alnifolia 79<br />
Sida rhombifolia 79<br />
Sigesbeckia orientalis 20.5<br />
Silene inflata 37<br />
Silphion cyrenaicum 12<br />
Silphium laciniatum 20.5<br />
Silybum marianus 20.2<br />
Simaba cedron 127<br />
Simarouba amara 127<br />
Simarouba glauca 127<br />
Simarouba versicolor 127<br />
Simmondsia chinensis 128<br />
Sinapis alba 28<br />
Sinapis arvensis 28<br />
Sinapis nigra 28<br />
Sisymbrium <strong>of</strong>ficinale 28<br />
Sisymbrium sophia 28<br />
Sisyrinchium campestre 71<br />
Sium angustifolium 12<br />
Sium latifolium 12<br />
Smallanthus uvedalia 20.5<br />
Smilacinum 71<br />
Smilax aspera 71<br />
Smilax china 71<br />
Smilax regelii 71<br />
Soja hispida 56<br />
Solaninum aceticum 129<br />
Solaninum purum 129<br />
Solanum alternatopinnatum 129<br />
Solanum americanum 129<br />
Solanum anguivi 129<br />
Solanum arrebenta 129<br />
Solanum capense 129<br />
Solanum capsicoides 129<br />
Solanum carolinense 129<br />
Solanum dulcamara 129<br />
Solanum erythracanthum 129<br />
Solanum glaucophyllum 129<br />
Solanum integri(folium) 129<br />
Solanum lycopersicum 129<br />
Solanum malacoxylon 129<br />
Solanum mammosum 129<br />
Solanum melongena 129<br />
Solanum nigrum 129<br />
Solanum nodiflorum 129<br />
Solanum oleraceum 129<br />
Solanum pseudocapsicum 129<br />
Solanum sodomeum 129<br />
Solanum tuberosum 129<br />
Solanum tuberosum aegrotans 129<br />
Solanum villosum 129<br />
Solanum xanthocarpum 129<br />
Soldanella alpina 113<br />
Solenostemon scutellarioides 69<br />
Solidago nemoralis 20.5<br />
Solidago virgaurea 20.5<br />
Sophora japonica 56<br />
Sophora microphylla 56<br />
Sophora secundiflora 56<br />
Sophora speciosa 56<br />
Sorbus americana 119<br />
Sorbus aucuparia 119<br />
Sorbus domestica 119<br />
Sorghum vulgare 108<br />
Sparganium erectum 108<br />
Sparganium ramosum 108<br />
Sparteinum 56<br />
Sparteinum sulfuricum 56<br />
Spartium junceum 56<br />
Spergula arvensis 37<br />
Spergularia rubra 37<br />
Spermacoce natalensis 120<br />
Sphagnum squarrosum 85<br />
Spigelia anthelmia 73<br />
Spigelia maril<strong>and</strong>ica 73<br />
Spilanthes oleracea 20.5<br />
Spinacia oleracea 8<br />
Spiraea filipendula 119<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xlvi ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Spiraea ulmaria 119<br />
Spiranthes autumnalis 95<br />
Spiranthes casei 95<br />
Spiranthes cernua 95<br />
Spiranthes lacera 95<br />
Spiranthes lucida 95<br />
Spiranthes romanz<strong>of</strong>fiana 95<br />
Spiranths spiralis 95<br />
Spirostachys africana 55<br />
Spondias mombin 10<br />
Squilla bifolia 65<br />
Squilla maritima 65<br />
Stachys arvensis 69<br />
Stachys betonica 69<br />
Stachys <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 69<br />
Stachys palustris 69<br />
Stachys sylvatica 69<br />
Stangeria eriopus 48<br />
Stapelia gigantea 13<br />
Staphisagria 116.1<br />
Statice brasiliensis 107<br />
Stellaria media 37<br />
Stigmata maydis 108<br />
Stillingia sylvatica 55<br />
Stramonium 129<br />
Streptanthus gl<strong>and</strong>ulosus 28<br />
Strophanthinum 13<br />
Strophanthus gratus 13<br />
Strophanthus hispidus 13<br />
Strophanthus sarmentosus 13<br />
Strychninum arsenicosum 73<br />
Strychninum nitricum 73<br />
Strychninum phosphoricum 73<br />
Strychninum purum 73<br />
Strychninum sulfuricum 73<br />
Strychninum valerianicum 73<br />
Strychnos gaultheriana 73<br />
Strychnos gauthierana 73<br />
Strychnos henningsii 73<br />
Strychnos ignatii 73<br />
Strychnos nux-vomica 73<br />
Strychnos spinosa 73<br />
Strychnos tieuté 73<br />
Strychnos wallichiana 73<br />
Stryphnodendron barbatiman 56<br />
Styphnolobium japonicum 56<br />
Succinicum acidum 103<br />
Succinum 103<br />
Sumbulus moschatus 12<br />
Sutherl<strong>and</strong>ia frutescens 56<br />
Swertia chirayita 60<br />
Symphoricarpos racemosus 50<br />
Symphoricarpus albus 50<br />
Symphytum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 27<br />
Symplocarpus foetidus 15<br />
Synadenium grantii 55<br />
Syringa vulgaris 94<br />
Syzygium aromaticum 89<br />
Syzygium cumini 89<br />
Syzygium jambolanum 89<br />
Syzygium jambos 89<br />
Tabacum 129<br />
Tabebuia heterophylla 25<br />
Tabernaemontana stapfiana 13<br />
Tabernanthe iboga 13<br />
Taenidia integerrima 12<br />
Talauma mexicana 77<br />
Talipariti tiliaceum 79<br />
Tamarindus indica 56<br />
Tamus communis 49<br />
Tanacetum balsamita 20.1<br />
Tanacetum cinerariifolium 20.1<br />
Tanacetum parthenium 20.1<br />
Tanacetum vulgare 20.1<br />
Tanghinia venenifera 13<br />
Taperiba 10<br />
Taraxacum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 20.3<br />
Taxus baccata 103<br />
Taxus brevifolia 103<br />
Tecoma pentaphylla 25<br />
Telopea speciosissima 114<br />
Tephroseris integrifolia 20.4<br />
Tephrosia kraussiana 56<br />
Tephrosia vogelii 56<br />
Terebenum 103<br />
Terebinthina chios 103<br />
Terebinthina laricina 103<br />
Terebinthinae oleum 103<br />
Terminalia arjuna 90<br />
Terminalia chebula 90<br />
Tetradenia fruticosa 69<br />
Tetradenia riparia 69<br />
Teucrium botrys 69<br />
Teucrium marum verum 69<br />
Teucrium scordium 69<br />
Teucrium scorodonia 69<br />
Thalictrum rhynchocarpum 116.2<br />
Thapsia garganica 12<br />
Thea chinensis 130<br />
Thebainum 97<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xlvii
Theinum 130<br />
Theobroma cacao 79<br />
Thevetia neriifolia 13<br />
Thevetia peruviana 13<br />
Thiosinaminum 28<br />
Thlaspi bursa-pastoris 28<br />
Thom<strong>and</strong>ersia hensii 1<br />
Thuja gigantea 103<br />
Thuja lobbii 103<br />
Thuja occidentalis 103<br />
Thuja plicata 103<br />
Thymolum 69<br />
Thymus serpyllum 69<br />
Thymus vulgaris 69<br />
Tilia alburnum 79<br />
Tilia argentea 79<br />
Tilia cordata 79<br />
Tilia platyphyllos 79<br />
Tilia x europaea 79<br />
Till<strong>and</strong>sia usneoides 29<br />
Tinospora cordifolia 82<br />
Toddalia aculeate 121<br />
Toddalia asiatica 121<br />
Tongo odorata 56<br />
Toxicodendron diversilobium 10<br />
Toxicodendron pubescens 10<br />
Toxicodendron radicans 10<br />
Toxicodendron succedanea 10<br />
Toxicodendron vernix 10<br />
Toxicophlaea thunbergii 13<br />
Trachelospermum jasminoides 13<br />
Trachyspermum ammi 12<br />
Tradescantia diuretica 42<br />
Tragopogon pratensis 20.3<br />
Trema grisea 35<br />
Trema orientalis 35<br />
Triainolepis emirnensis 120<br />
Tribulus terrestris 139<br />
Trichilia emetica 81<br />
Trichosanthes amara 47<br />
Trichosanthes anguina 47<br />
Trichosanthes cucum. var. anguina 47<br />
Trichosanthes cucumerina 47<br />
Trichosanthes dioica 47<br />
Triclisia dictyophylla 82<br />
Triclisia gilletii 82<br />
Trifolium alpinum 56<br />
Trifolium arvense 56<br />
Trifolium dubium 56<br />
Trifolium elegans 56<br />
Trifolium pratense 56<br />
Trifolium repens 56<br />
Trigonella foenum-graecum 56<br />
Trillium cernuum 80<br />
Trillium erectum 80<br />
Trillium pendulum 80<br />
Trimeria alnifolia 122<br />
Triosteum perfoliatum 50<br />
Tripleurospermum maritimum 20.1<br />
Tripog<strong>and</strong>ra diuretica 42<br />
Triticum aestivum 108<br />
Triticum repens 108<br />
Triticum spelta 108<br />
Triticum vulgare 108<br />
Triumfetta rhomboidea 79<br />
Trollius asiaticus 116.4<br />
Trollius europaeus 116.4<br />
Trollius laxus 116.4<br />
Tropaeolum majus 28<br />
Tsuga canadensis 103<br />
Tulipa gesneriana 71<br />
Turgenia latifolia 12<br />
Turnera diffusa 99<br />
Turraea floribunda 81<br />
Turraea obtusifolia 81<br />
Tussilago farfara 20.4<br />
Tussilago fragrans 20.4<br />
Tussilago petasites 20.4<br />
Tylophora indica 13<br />
Typha latifolia 108<br />
Ulex europaeus 56<br />
Ulmus campestris 132<br />
Ulmus glabra 132<br />
Ulmus minor 132<br />
Ulmus montana 132<br />
Ulmus procera 132<br />
Ulmus rubra 132<br />
Umbilicus ruprestris 46<br />
Uncaria tomentosa 120<br />
Unedo edulis 54<br />
Upas antiaris 84<br />
Upas tieuté 73<br />
Urechites suberecta 13<br />
Urginea maritima 65<br />
Ursinia tenuiloba 20.1<br />
Urtica crenulata 133<br />
Urtica dioica 133<br />
Urtica gigas 133<br />
Urtica urens 133<br />
Uva ursi 54<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
xlviii ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Uvaria triloba 11<br />
Uzara 13<br />
Vaccinium myrtillus 54<br />
Vaccinium vitis-idaea 54<br />
Valeriana <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 50<br />
Valerianella locusta 50<br />
Valerianella olitoria 50<br />
Vangueria emirnensis 120<br />
Vangueria lasiantha 120<br />
Vanilla aromatica 95<br />
Vanilla planifolia 95<br />
Vataireopsis araroba 56<br />
Veratrinum 80<br />
Veratrum album 80<br />
Veratrum californicum 80<br />
Veratrum luteum 80<br />
Veratrum nigrum 80<br />
Veratrum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 80<br />
Veratrum viride 80<br />
Verbasci oleum 126<br />
Verbascum densiflorum 126<br />
Verbascum floccosum 126<br />
Verbascum nigrum 126<br />
Verbascum thapsus 126<br />
Verbena hastata 134<br />
Verbena <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 134<br />
Verbena urticifolia 134<br />
Vernonia adoensis 20.5<br />
Vernonia amygdalina 20.5<br />
Vernonia anthelmintica 20.5<br />
Vernonia corymbosa 20.5<br />
Vernonia tigna 20.5<br />
Vernonia woodii 20.5<br />
Veronica abyssinica 106<br />
Veronica austriaca 106<br />
Veronica beccabunga 106<br />
Veronica chamaedrys 106<br />
Veronica <strong>of</strong>ficinalis 106<br />
Veronica persica 106<br />
Veronica teucrium 106<br />
Veronicastrum virginicum 106<br />
Vesicaria communis 28<br />
Vetiveria zizanioides 108<br />
Viburnum lantana 50<br />
Viburnum odoratissimum 50<br />
Viburnum opulus 50<br />
Viburnum prunifolium 50<br />
Viburnum tinus 50<br />
Vicia ervilia 56<br />
Vicia faba 56<br />
Viguieranthus alternans 56<br />
Vinca major 13<br />
Vinca minor 13<br />
Vinca rosea 13<br />
Vincetoxicum <strong>of</strong>ficinale 13<br />
Viola canina 135<br />
Viola lutea subsp. sudetica 135<br />
Viola odorata 135<br />
Viola sudetica 135<br />
Viola tricolor 135<br />
Virola sebifera 87<br />
Viscum abietis 98<br />
Viscum album 98<br />
Viscum armeniacae 98<br />
Viscum crataegi 98<br />
Viscum laxum 98<br />
Viscum mali 98<br />
Viscum piri 98<br />
Viscum populi 98<br />
Viscum pruni 98<br />
Viscum quercinum 98<br />
Viscum robiniae 98<br />
Viscum salicis 98<br />
Viscum tiliae 98<br />
Vitex agnus-castus 69<br />
Vitex trifolia 69<br />
Vitis vinifera 136<br />
Voacanga africana 13<br />
Welwitschia mirabilis 63<br />
Wheat bran 108<br />
Wikstroemia indica 131<br />
Wild oat (Bach fl.) 108<br />
Willow (Bach fl.) 122<br />
Wisteria floribunda 56<br />
Wisteria sinensis 56<br />
Withania somnifera 129<br />
Wollemia nobilis 103<br />
Wyethia helenioides 20.5<br />
Xanthium macrocarpum 20.5<br />
Xanthium spinosum 20.5<br />
Xanthium strumarium 20.5<br />
Xanthorhiza apiifolia 116.3<br />
Xanthorhiza simplicissima 116.3<br />
Xanthorrhoea arborea 137<br />
Xanthoxylum alatum 121<br />
Xanthoxylum fraxineum 121<br />
Xerophyllum asphodeloides 80<br />
Xerophyllum tenax 80<br />
Ximenia caffra 98<br />
Xylopia aethiopica 11<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES xlix
Xymalos monospora 70<br />
Xysmalobium undulatum 13<br />
Ylang-Ylang 11<br />
Yohimbinum 120<br />
Yohimbinum muriaticum 120<br />
Yucca filamentosa 4<br />
Zantedeschia aethiopica 15<br />
Zanthoxylum americanum 121<br />
Zanthoxylum armatum 121<br />
Zanthoxylum capense 121<br />
Zea italica 108<br />
Zea mays 108<br />
Zeltnera venusta 60<br />
Zigadenus venenosus 80<br />
Zingiber 138<br />
Zizia aurea 12<br />
Zizia integerrima 12<br />
Ziziphus jujuba 117<br />
Ziziphus mucronata 117<br />
Ziziphus spina-christi 117<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
l ALPHABETICAL INDEX REMEDIES
Vermeulen / Johnston<br />
PLANTS - Homeopathic <strong>and</strong><br />
Medicinal Uses from a Botanical<br />
Family Perspective<br />
4 volumes in presentation slipcase<br />
4968 Seiten, geb.<br />
erschienen 2011<br />
Mehr Homöopathie Bücher auf www.narayana-verlag.de
Botanical Keys<br />
� Ivy <strong>and</strong> Ginseng family with 43 genera holding about 1450 species <strong>of</strong> rather<br />
stout-stemmed <strong>and</strong> little-branched shrubs or trees, <strong>of</strong>ten strong-smelling <strong>and</strong><br />
with large <strong>and</strong> prominent scars from the fallen leaves.<br />
� Distribution: Worldwide, but centred in tropics.<br />
� Sister family to Apiaceae <strong>and</strong> by some authorities included in a broadly circumscribed<br />
Apiaceae.<br />
� Leaves <strong>of</strong>ten compound, with broad, more or less sheathing leaf-bases.<br />
� Flowers small, in compound inflorescences, usually either capitate [head-like]<br />
or umbellate.<br />
� Fruit a globose drupe with several seeds.<br />
� Classified in order Apiales by both Cronquist <strong>and</strong> Dahlgren.<br />
� Compare other <strong>families</strong> in order Apiales: Apiaceae [Umbelliferae]; Pittosporaceae.<br />
ARALIACEAE IN HOMEOPATHY<br />
FAMILY ARALIACEAE – ORDER APIALES<br />
Homeopathic name Common name Abbreviation Symptoms<br />
Aralia californica Elk-clover Aral-c. None<br />
Aralia hispida Bristly sarsaparilla Aral-h. 5–10<br />
Aralia nudicaulis Wild sarsaparilla Aral-nu. None<br />
Aralia racemosa American spikenard Aral. c. 240<br />
Aralia spinosa<br />
Eleutherococcus<br />
Devil’s-walking-stick Aral-sp. None<br />
senticosus Siberian ginseng Eleut. None<br />
Ginseng1 Ginseng Gins. c. 5402 Hedera helix English ivy Hed. c. 220<br />
Hydrocotyle vulgaris Marsh pennywort Hydrc-vg. None<br />
Oplopanax horridus Devil’s club Oplo-h. None3 Panax quinquefolius American ginseng Panax-q. None4 © Saltire Books Ltd<br />
1 = Identity uncertain: unclear whether it concerns Panax ginseng [Chinese ginseng]<br />
or Panax quinquefolius [American ginseng], or both. 2–4 = Symptoms provings not yet<br />
included.<br />
485
Sarsaparilla<br />
As with many <strong>plant</strong>s <strong>and</strong> common names, there is some confusion as to what is<br />
really what. In this case sarsaparilla is causing the confusion. It <strong>of</strong>ten recalls the<br />
imagery <strong>of</strong> the Wild West <strong>of</strong> the rugged ranch h<strong>and</strong> bellying up to the saloon<br />
bar <strong>and</strong> hailing the bartender for a foaming sarsaparilla. What actually is that<br />
sarsaparilla? Is it from Aralia species or from Smilax species? In fact, it is from<br />
neither. The United States Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Food And Drug Administration,<br />
New <strong>and</strong> Revised Definitions <strong>and</strong> St<strong>and</strong>ards for Food Products [1931]<br />
m<strong>and</strong>ates that sarsaparilla flavour be made from oil <strong>of</strong> sassafras [see Laurales –<br />
Sassafras] <strong>and</strong> methyl salicylate or oil <strong>of</strong> wintergreen or oil <strong>of</strong> sweet birch. This<br />
seems to indicate that the botanical name sarsaparilla <strong>and</strong> the flavouring named<br />
sarsaparilla are two entirely different things. Just to confound things even further,<br />
the flavour that was called sarsaparilla is not generally available any longer under<br />
that name. It is simply not heard <strong>of</strong> anymore. There are exceptions, however.<br />
Australians can still drink sarsaparilla-flavoured s<strong>of</strong>t drinks <strong>and</strong> in Taiwan it is<br />
not all too difficult to find HeySong Sarsaparilla soda. Though the name is a dead<br />
end, the same old-time sarsaparilla flavour is still very much alive, having reinvented<br />
itself as Root Beer.<br />
Main Constituents<br />
� Triterpene saponins – lipophilic steroid-like compounds, such as aralosides in<br />
Aralia, ginsenosides or panaxosides in Panax, eleutherosides in Eleutherococcus<br />
<strong>and</strong> hederacosides in Hedera.<br />
Pharmacological Activities<br />
Historically, the triterpene saponins in this family have been claimed to exert a<br />
strengthening effect <strong>and</strong> to raise physical <strong>and</strong> mental capacity for work. These<br />
properties are defined with the term adaptogenic, involving a non-specific<br />
increase in resistance to the noxious effects <strong>of</strong> physical, chemical, biological or<br />
emotional stress. A less scientific sounding term could be ‘stress busters’.<br />
Herbs <strong>of</strong> this family are thought to help support adrenal gl<strong>and</strong> function when<br />
the body is challenged by stress, helping it adapt to any situation that would alter<br />
its normal function. They are thought to help reduce the exhaustion phase <strong>of</strong><br />
the stress response <strong>and</strong> return the adrenals to normal function faster. Triterpenes<br />
are also known to bind to steroid hormone receptors.<br />
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis<br />
Pharmacologically, the centre <strong>of</strong> activity <strong>of</strong> Araliaceae appears to be the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal<br />
axis, called the HPA. The HPA is a complex set <strong>of</strong> direct<br />
influences <strong>and</strong> feedback interactions among the hypothalamus, the pituitary<br />
gl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> the adrenal gl<strong>and</strong>s. As a major part <strong>of</strong> the neuro-endocrine system, the<br />
HPA axis regulates many body processes, including digestion, the immune<br />
system, mood <strong>and</strong> emotions, sexuality <strong>and</strong> energy storage <strong>and</strong> expenditure.<br />
Furthermore, it is the common mechanism for interactions among gl<strong>and</strong>s,<br />
hormones <strong>and</strong> parts <strong>of</strong> the midbrain that mediate the general adaptation<br />
syndrome. It is through the regulation <strong>of</strong> all these body systems that the HPA<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
486 Family ARALIACEAE
controls reactions to stress. The HPA axis response to stress is generally higher in<br />
women than in men.<br />
The key hormones <strong>of</strong> the HPA axis include vasopressin, known as antidiuretic<br />
or water conservation hormone, <strong>and</strong> corticotropin-releasing hormone, CRH.<br />
Vasopressin <strong>and</strong> CRH stimulate the secretion <strong>of</strong> adrenocorticotropic hormone,<br />
ACTH, which in turn acts on the adrenal cortices, which produce glucocorticoid<br />
hormones, mainly cortisol in humans, in response to stimulation by ACTH.<br />
Cortisol is a major stress hormone <strong>and</strong> has effects on many tissues in the body,<br />
including the brain. In healthy individuals, cortisol rises rapidly before or right<br />
after wakening, reaching a peak within 30–45 minutes. About 80% <strong>of</strong> the day’s<br />
cortisol is secreted in this early morning time, getting a person pepped up for the<br />
day. It then gradually falls over the day, rising again in late afternoon about<br />
4 p.m. Cortisol levels continue falling through the evening, reaching a trough<br />
during the middle <strong>of</strong> the night, only to sharply rise again when a new day starts.<br />
If adrenaline is the short-term, immediate danger, flight or fight hormone, then<br />
cortisol is the hormone <strong>of</strong> long-term continuous danger or stress. It picks up after<br />
adrenaline wears <strong>of</strong>f.<br />
Cortisol deficiency or an abnormally flattened circadian cortisol cycle has been<br />
linked with chronic fatigue syndrome, insomnia <strong>and</strong> burnout. Increased production<br />
<strong>of</strong> cortisol results from long-term alarm reactions to stress where adapting<br />
to the chronic on-going presence <strong>of</strong> stress is necessary for survival. The person is<br />
adapting to stress <strong>and</strong> the price for that adaptation is very high indeed. Many<br />
immune related conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, arteriosclerosis <strong>and</strong><br />
even cancer can be the result <strong>of</strong> living with elevated cortisol levels chronically.<br />
A spectrum <strong>of</strong> conditions may be associated with increased <strong>and</strong> prolonged activation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the HPA axis, including melancholic depression, anorexia nervosa with<br />
or without malnutrition, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic anxiety, chronic<br />
active alcoholism, alcohol <strong>and</strong> narcotic withdrawal, excessive exercising, poorly<br />
controlled diabetes mellitus, childhood sexual abuse <strong>and</strong> hyperthyroidism.<br />
Hypoactivation or depletion <strong>of</strong> the stress system, on the other h<strong>and</strong>, has been<br />
linked with post-traumatic stress disorder, atypical seasonal depression, chronic<br />
fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, hypothyroidism, post stress conditions, postpartum,<br />
menopause <strong>and</strong> nicotine withdrawal.<br />
Neurasthenia<br />
Stress related syndromes are not at all new. In 1869 George Miller Beard first used<br />
the term neurasthenia to denote a condition with symptoms <strong>of</strong> fatigue, anxiety,<br />
headache, impotence, neuralgia <strong>and</strong> depressed mood. Americans were supposed<br />
to be particularly prone to neurasthenia, which resulted in the nickname the<br />
Great American Disease or ‘Americanitis’, popularised by William James. Just as<br />
today with chronic fatigue syndrome, in the late 1800s neurasthenia became a<br />
popular diagnosis, exp<strong>and</strong>ing to include such symptoms as weakness, dizziness<br />
<strong>and</strong> fainting. A common treatment was the rest cure, especially for women, who<br />
were the gender primarily diagnosed with the condition at that time. It was<br />
explained as being a result <strong>of</strong> exhaustion <strong>of</strong> the central nervous system’s energy<br />
reserves, which Beard attributed to civilisation. He might be credited with first<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 487
developing the idea that ‘living was dangerous to your health.’ Physicians in the<br />
Beard school <strong>of</strong> thought associated neurasthenia with the stresses <strong>of</strong> urbanisation<br />
<strong>and</strong> the pressures placed on the intellectual class by the increasingly<br />
competitive business environment. Typically, it was associated with upper class<br />
individuals in sedentary employment.<br />
The modern view holds that the main problem with the neurasthenia diagnosis<br />
was that it attempted to group together a wide variety <strong>of</strong> cases. In recent<br />
years, Richard M. Fogoros has posited that perhaps ‘neurasthenia’ was a word<br />
that included some psychiatric <strong>and</strong> psychological conditions, but more importantly<br />
many physiological conditions that are marginally understood by the<br />
medical community, such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome <strong>and</strong> irritable<br />
bowel syndrome. [Extracted from Wikipedia]<br />
Today this syndrome, by whatever name it goes, is accepted as a psycho-pathological<br />
phenomenon. When first used by Beard in 1869, the pioneer who elucidated<br />
the physiological component to physical medical problems, Sigmund<br />
Freud, was only 13 years old. Underst<strong>and</strong>ing the interactions <strong>of</strong> mind <strong>and</strong> body<br />
were decades in the future.<br />
The homeopathic materia medica is chock-full with the term neurasthenia. It<br />
wouldn’t make much sense to connect it with any <strong>plant</strong> family or remedy group<br />
in particular. On the other h<strong>and</strong>, so little is known about the Araliaceae as a group<br />
that some broad generalisations will help get a preliminary idea. First <strong>of</strong> all,<br />
Ginseng features in the rubric, ‘Neurasthenia after debilitating diseases’, while<br />
Hedera helix has a key symptom <strong>of</strong> the condition, ‘Constantly lives in a state <strong>of</strong><br />
anxiety <strong>and</strong> worry.’ Secondly, on the authority <strong>of</strong> Louis Berman [1928], we note<br />
the ‘relations <strong>of</strong> neurasthenia to the gl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> internal secretion in general <strong>and</strong><br />
to adrenal insufficiency in particular.’ Thirdly, the symptoms elicited in the<br />
proving <strong>of</strong> American ginseng [Panax quinquefolius] were characterised by ‘a<br />
condition <strong>of</strong> anxiety which is constantly present in all sexual hypochondriacs<br />
. . . [making Panax] a curative remedy in such cases <strong>of</strong> sexual weakness that<br />
especially react upon the mind, causing lassitude, <strong>and</strong> uneasy mental condition<br />
even to fears <strong>of</strong> approaching impotence.’ [see below]<br />
Breaking Down from Too Great Dem<strong>and</strong>s<br />
Berman clarifies by saying: ‘The neurasthenic is to be recognised by the fact that<br />
the most painstaking objective examination <strong>of</strong> his organs reveals nothing the<br />
matter with them. Yet, according to his complaint, everything is the matter with<br />
him. He cannot sleep when he lies down, he cannot keep awake when he st<strong>and</strong>s<br />
up. He cannot concentrate, but still he is pitifully worried about his life. The<br />
slightest irritant causes him to go <strong>of</strong>f the h<strong>and</strong>le.<br />
‘As he works himself up into his hysterical state as a reaction to a disagreeable<br />
person or problem, irregular blotches may appear on his face <strong>and</strong> neck. Generally,<br />
his h<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> feet are clammy <strong>and</strong> perspiring, his face is abnormally flushed<br />
or pallid, the eyes are worried or starey, unwonted w<strong>and</strong>ering sensations involving<br />
now this area <strong>of</strong> the body or now that obsess him. As the blood pressure is<br />
too low for the age, the circulation is nearly always inadequate <strong>and</strong> palpitation<br />
<strong>of</strong> the heart is a frequent complaint. So frequent that attention is <strong>of</strong>ten centred<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
488 Family ARALIACEAE
upon the heart, a diagnosis <strong>of</strong> heart disease is made <strong>and</strong> the unfortunate is<br />
doomed for life – to brood over horrible possibilities. The brooding over themselves<br />
<strong>and</strong> their troubles is one <strong>of</strong> the distinctive features <strong>of</strong> the whole complex.<br />
Neurasthenia may masquerade as any organic disease. An individual with a soil<br />
for a neurasthenic reaction to life will become neurasthenic when confronted by<br />
any stone wall, including a serious ailment within himself.’<br />
Compare Berman’s description with a symptom in Aralia racemosa. ‘I have<br />
been annoyed all day by a dread that my right lung is seriously diseased. Could<br />
not shake <strong>of</strong>f the fear.’<br />
Berman goes on to say: ‘Neurasthenia, regarded as a reaction <strong>of</strong> people to the<br />
stress <strong>and</strong> strain <strong>of</strong> life, has without a doubt increased. The most casual <strong>of</strong><br />
observers will tell you that the generation <strong>of</strong> the Great War is a neurasthenic<br />
generation. It takes its pleasures too intensely, its pains too seriously, its troubles<br />
too flippantly. . . . Now one <strong>of</strong> the outst<strong>and</strong>ing effects <strong>of</strong> disease <strong>of</strong> the adrenal<br />
gl<strong>and</strong>s is the feeling <strong>of</strong> muscular <strong>and</strong> mental inefficiency. And as a matter <strong>of</strong> fact,<br />
a good number <strong>of</strong> observations conspire for the idea that a certain number <strong>of</strong><br />
neurasthenics are suffering from insufficiency <strong>of</strong> the adrenal gl<strong>and</strong>. The chronic<br />
state <strong>of</strong> the acute phenomenon, known as the nervous breakdown, really<br />
represents in them a breakdown <strong>of</strong> the reserves <strong>of</strong> the adrenals <strong>and</strong> an elimination<br />
<strong>of</strong> their factor <strong>of</strong> safety. In the light <strong>of</strong> that conception, the great American<br />
disease – dementia americana – is seen to be adrenal disease – <strong>and</strong> the American<br />
life to be the adrenal life, <strong>of</strong>ten making too great dem<strong>and</strong>s upon that life <strong>and</strong> so<br />
breaking down with it.’<br />
Reading Berman’s depiction, it is easy to find oneself thinking how accurately<br />
he was describing modern life <strong>and</strong> the sufferers <strong>of</strong> chronic fatigue syndrome that<br />
has been so prevalent in the last 20 years. Recalling that Beard blamed neurasthenia<br />
on ‘urbanisation <strong>and</strong> the pressures placed on the intellectual class by the<br />
increasingly competitive business environment’ it would appear that Berman<br />
must be referring to our modern world with its work pressures, fast-paced<br />
dem<strong>and</strong>ing life style, whiz-bang advancing technology, globalisation <strong>and</strong> terrorism<br />
threats. Settled with that image, it is something <strong>of</strong> a surprise to come upon<br />
his reference to the ‘Great War’, meaning 1914–1918. He was not speaking about<br />
the current era, but about one that is looked back upon with nostalgia for its<br />
sublime simplicity, slow-paced graciousness <strong>and</strong> bucolic peacefulness. How could<br />
they think they were stressed?<br />
The Tired Competition<br />
Beard <strong>and</strong> Berman have given us sterling descriptions <strong>of</strong> neurasthenia as fatigue<br />
or a breakdown resulting from the stress <strong>and</strong> strain <strong>of</strong> life. More recently Betsy<br />
Berne gave her unsurpassed observations <strong>of</strong> fatigue <strong>of</strong> our time, what could be<br />
called the ‘new neurasthenia’. Her article, The Tired Chronicles, contains<br />
scathingly accurate commentary. ‘I’ve noticed recently that the main topic <strong>of</strong><br />
conversation among my friends is tiredness. Actually, there is an underlying<br />
contest over who is the more tired <strong>and</strong> who has truly earned his or her tiredness.<br />
. . . According to the tired married people with kids, there is no contest.<br />
They are the royalty <strong>of</strong> the tired kingdom. They are smug with exhaustion. I<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 489
elong to the tired-single-people-who-work-at-home group <strong>and</strong> in the tired race<br />
I don’t have a prayer. . . . By now it might be time to mention my brother, the<br />
jazz musician. He is bone tired. This is because he is a member <strong>of</strong> yet another<br />
group, the international-jet-set tired people. My brother is always on the road<br />
playing gigs – from Istanbul to Helsinki to Houston Street. When he is on tour<br />
in Italy, for example, not only must he deal with adulation <strong>of</strong> fans, but he must<br />
consume sumptuous free meals <strong>and</strong> stay in Tuscan castles. And he must always<br />
hang out after a gig. “Hang” is jazz lingo for drinking all night with fans, who<br />
are <strong>of</strong>ten female. You can imagine the tiredness this leads to. . . . Just last year,<br />
my big wheel writer friend joined the ranks <strong>of</strong> the international-jet-set tired<br />
group. Now she, too, is always flying to exotic locales. . . . She, too, is forced to<br />
consume sumptuous free meals <strong>and</strong> stay in Tuscan castles. And, if that weren’t<br />
tiring enough she is also searching for a mate . . . naturally leading to you know<br />
what.’ [The New Yorker; Aug 7, 1995]<br />
Courage<br />
Dr. James Lembke <strong>of</strong> Riga in former Russia, now Latvia, proved a large number<br />
<strong>of</strong> remedies upon himself between 1845 <strong>and</strong> 1868. The Ginseng proving elicited<br />
a unique feeling in him – courage. It is one <strong>of</strong> the first sensations he notices some<br />
two hours after the first dose. The word courage goes right back to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal<br />
axis, more particularly to Louis Berman <strong>and</strong> his view on<br />
the adrenals.<br />
Berman writes: ‘Courage is commonly thought <strong>of</strong> as the emotion that is the<br />
opposite <strong>of</strong> fear. It would follow that courage meant simply inhibition <strong>of</strong> the<br />
adrenal medulla. As a matter <strong>of</strong> fact, <strong>of</strong> course, the mechanism <strong>of</strong> courage must<br />
be more complex. One must distinguish animal courage <strong>and</strong> deliberate courage.<br />
Animal courage is literally the courage <strong>of</strong> the beast. Animals with large adrenals<br />
are the pugnacious, aggressive, charging kings <strong>of</strong> the fields <strong>and</strong> forests. . . . In<br />
courage, deliberate courage, there is more than instinct. There is an act <strong>of</strong><br />
volition, a display <strong>of</strong> will. Admitting that without the adrenals such courage<br />
would be impossible, the chief credit for courage must be ascribed to the prepituitary.<br />
. . . The prepituitary has been called the gl<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> intellectuality [to use<br />
that term for lack <strong>of</strong> better]. By intellectuality is meant the capacity <strong>of</strong> the mind<br />
to control its environment by concept <strong>and</strong> abstract ideas. . . . Now the emotion<br />
that is the precursor <strong>of</strong> intellectuality is curiosity, with wonder <strong>and</strong> its expression<br />
in the various constructive <strong>and</strong> acquisitive tendencies. . . . The ability to pr<strong>of</strong>it<br />
by experience <strong>and</strong> to make more <strong>and</strong> more accurate judgements as one grows<br />
older implies at least a maximum efficiency <strong>of</strong> the prepituitary.’<br />
The rubric ‘Courageous’ played a key role for Maud Nerman in finding Ginseng<br />
as the similimum in two cases. About the first case, a woman with lumbar herniation<br />
<strong>and</strong> sciatica after a fall on the sacrum, she says: ‘What do we mean by<br />
courage? And what is the kind <strong>of</strong> courage particular to this remedy [Ginseng],<br />
rather than other remedies, in this rubric? To be courageous, one has to have a<br />
firm conviction that the way one sees the world is good <strong>and</strong> valid. Otherwise,<br />
that person cannot move forward with confidence <strong>and</strong> fortitude. In my unpublished<br />
novel, “A Deep Sworn Vow,” I address the issue <strong>of</strong> courage: In a limited<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
490 Family ARALIACEAE
sense, courage is about enduring the unendurable. On another level, courage is<br />
the ability to maintain important human values, kindness, tenderness, respect in<br />
the face <strong>of</strong> the intolerable. The ultimate act <strong>of</strong> courage is not moving forward<br />
without fear. Ultimately courage is the act <strong>of</strong> moving forward wisely, despite pain,<br />
fear or desire.<br />
‘Clearly, despite tremendous pain, this patient persevered. She worked to help<br />
others, she travelled <strong>and</strong> she even went into the pain with meditation. All <strong>of</strong> this,<br />
for someone suffering from tremendous pain, is an expression <strong>of</strong> her courageous<br />
nature. . . . As one <strong>of</strong> my friends suggested on hearing the case, perhaps Ginseng<br />
is the woman warrior remedy: fierce, protective, enduring. . . . Did courage in<br />
these Ginseng cases have a tinge <strong>of</strong> pathology? Possibly. In the first case, she may<br />
have pushed herself too hard, too sure <strong>of</strong> her own vital, physical strength.<br />
Whereas some cultures dem<strong>and</strong> a lot <strong>of</strong> emotional suppression, as we have seen<br />
in some <strong>of</strong> the English <strong>and</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the Asian cultures, perhaps America drives<br />
people <strong>of</strong> talent to “burn out” <strong>and</strong> pushes most <strong>of</strong> us to our limits. Aristotle said<br />
that core virtues are based on a balance between two extremes. Courage is the<br />
balance between recklessness <strong>and</strong> cowardice on either side.’ [Maud Nerman,<br />
Osteopathy <strong>and</strong> Homeopathy: a Marriage <strong>of</strong> Similars; IFH 1993; RefWorks]<br />
Pacemaker <strong>of</strong> Ageing<br />
Ageing is a feature inherent to all multi-cellular organisms <strong>and</strong> is defined as a<br />
progressive, generalised impairment <strong>of</strong> functions resulting in a loss <strong>of</strong> adaptable<br />
responses to stress <strong>and</strong> a growing risk <strong>of</strong> functional loss, disease <strong>and</strong> disablement.<br />
No two individuals age in the same way. Genetics <strong>and</strong> adaptability are key<br />
personal factors that determine how well a person ages, while environment <strong>and</strong><br />
behaviour are major modifiers <strong>of</strong> biological structures <strong>and</strong> processes.<br />
Longevity, in Berman’s endocrinal view, is ‘perhaps largely a matter <strong>of</strong> preventing<br />
or postponing the wane <strong>of</strong> all <strong>of</strong> the gl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> internal secretion, at least the<br />
most important – the thyroid, the pituitary <strong>and</strong> the adrenals – as well as the<br />
gonads.’ This may well be a great idea, however, human biology does not support<br />
it. Scientific data have conclusively shown that there is a natural decline in many<br />
hormones with age, such as oestrogen, testosterone, growth hormone, melatonin,<br />
calcitonin <strong>and</strong> renin. The endocrine system with its variety <strong>of</strong> hormones<br />
is called the ‘pacemaker <strong>of</strong> ageing’. This process <strong>of</strong> endocrine decline is responsible<br />
for many manifestations <strong>of</strong> ageing. For instance, lean <strong>and</strong> fat masses, as well<br />
as skin elasticity, immune functions, bone density, energy levels <strong>and</strong> mood<br />
swings closely correlate with levels <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> hormones.<br />
Many women have found out the hard way what happens when attempting<br />
to give their bodies a hormone complement appropriate for an age at a time when<br />
they are a very different age. Providing post-menopausal women with oestrogen<br />
or oestrogen-containing combinations, called Hormone Replacement Therapy<br />
[HRT] is such an attempt. For decades this treatment approach was hailed as the<br />
panacea for not only the symptoms but also for the ravages <strong>of</strong> ageing. It was<br />
youthfulness in a pill. Recent comprehensive studies, however, have unequivocally<br />
demonstrated that the dangers <strong>of</strong> this include increased risk <strong>of</strong> breast <strong>and</strong><br />
uterine cancers, heart attacks as well as other serious diseases.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 491
Fo reve r Yo u n g<br />
Tonic herbs have long been advocated as promoting immunity, longevity <strong>and</strong><br />
rejuvenation. Invariably included are species <strong>of</strong> Aralia, Eleutherococcus, Ginseng<br />
<strong>and</strong> Panax. Used as flavouring in beverages, sarsaparilla was regarded as a detoxification<br />
agent as well as a general pepping up tonic to invigorate <strong>and</strong> cleanse the<br />
body.<br />
Like other evergreens, ivy [Hedera helix] symbolises eternal life <strong>and</strong> resurrection.<br />
It also signifies true love, faithfulness <strong>and</strong> undying affection both in<br />
marriage <strong>and</strong> in friendship. Ivy itself is noted for its vigorous growth habit <strong>and</strong><br />
longevity. It is nearly indestructible. Famed American writer <strong>of</strong> the late 19th<br />
century, O. Henry, featured Ivy as the main character in his story The Last Leaf,<br />
which encompasses all <strong>of</strong> these themes. [see Hedera helix]<br />
Traditional Chinese medicine distinguishes a variety <strong>of</strong> herbs for realising<br />
‘deathlessness’, among them ginseng. It is said that the continuous use <strong>of</strong> ginseng<br />
‘leads one to longevity with light weight.’ With this notion in mind, it is fascinating<br />
to look at Lembke’s proving <strong>of</strong> Ginseng. There are four entries recorded by<br />
all three provers. The time frame shows that it involves the primary action. After<br />
2 hours the ‘feeling <strong>of</strong> weakness entirely disappears <strong>and</strong> gives place to an agreeable<br />
sensation <strong>of</strong> lightness <strong>and</strong> clearness <strong>of</strong> mind.’ After the first day, there was<br />
a ‘peculiar lightness <strong>and</strong> vigour in the limbs in spite <strong>of</strong> much walking.’ The<br />
second day produced a ‘peculiar pervading joyous sensation <strong>of</strong> vigour <strong>and</strong><br />
elasticity, especially in the upper extremities. There was a peculiar lightness <strong>and</strong><br />
flexibility <strong>of</strong> the limbs in the morning, in spite <strong>of</strong> a bad night.’<br />
It can be safely assumed that a ‘pervading joyous sensation <strong>of</strong> vigour <strong>and</strong><br />
elasticity’ equates a feeling <strong>of</strong> being young. ‘Delusion she is young’ is a leading<br />
indication for Ginseng in a case by Dr. Prashant Shah. A brief synopsis <strong>of</strong> the case<br />
informs us that, ‘She is a spinster aged 47. . . . She is very adventurous in nature<br />
in her life as well as in her pr<strong>of</strong>ession. Signature <strong>of</strong> disease: Her temperament <strong>and</strong><br />
adventures give us a feeling <strong>of</strong> a young <strong>and</strong> energetic person. That is the state <strong>of</strong><br />
being in which she likes to stay. So the body has also produced a similar phenomenon.<br />
Her reproductive system was not ready to go into a state <strong>of</strong> menopause<br />
[i.e. grow old]. This was the reason for her physical ailment in the form <strong>of</strong> hot<br />
flushes. . . . Many <strong>of</strong> the following characteristics are not found in the repertory<br />
so you may note the following rubrics with pencil in the repertory. I feel it<br />
requires a few more experiences before it gets included. These characteristics I<br />
have derived from the doctrine <strong>of</strong> signatures <strong>of</strong> the remedy <strong>and</strong> the case. Del. she<br />
is young. Energetic. Adventurous. Mannish woman. Courageous. Fearless.<br />
Physical exercise >>. On the physical side, she has more eruptions on the right<br />
side <strong>of</strong> the body, as well as face. Second strong physical symptom was dryness <strong>of</strong><br />
mouth, to the extent, that she had to drink water every hour during sleep.’ [cited<br />
in RefWorks]<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
492 Family ARALIACEAE
THEMES & AFFINITIES ARALIACEAE<br />
It has long been a human wish to be forever youthful in mind <strong>and</strong> body, full<br />
<strong>of</strong> the vitality, verve <strong>and</strong> enthusiasm that only the idealistic young appear<br />
to have. People now live longer, having almost twice the lifespan <strong>of</strong> 41 years<br />
that males had at the turn <strong>of</strong> the 20th century. The desire is for those extra<br />
years to be vigorous years, not ones <strong>of</strong> ageing incapacity. A universal agedefying<br />
stress-buster is needed to fulfil one’s wishes.<br />
To be youthful is to be energetic, fearless <strong>and</strong> flexible. One is able to adapt<br />
<strong>and</strong> bend with changing circumstances, h<strong>and</strong>le the onslaught that life<br />
delivers <strong>and</strong> endure the unendurable. There is strength <strong>and</strong> courage enough<br />
to push oneself to the absolute limit, roll with the punches <strong>and</strong> persevere in<br />
the face <strong>of</strong> challenges.<br />
The fact remains that human beings age. The mere act <strong>of</strong> living is dangerous<br />
to one’s health. Stresses, the constant exposure to cares or worries <strong>and</strong> a<br />
fast-paced, dem<strong>and</strong>ing lifestyle slowly erode vitality, causing a progressive,<br />
generalised impairment <strong>and</strong> chronic diminishment <strong>of</strong> facilities <strong>and</strong> capacities,<br />
both mental <strong>and</strong> physical. Whatever the name – nervous exhaustion,<br />
neurasthenia, chronic fatigue syndrome or simply ‘burn out’ – the result is<br />
the same: weakness, lassitude, forgetfulness <strong>and</strong> prostration. Such are the<br />
ravages <strong>of</strong> ageing.<br />
Araliaceae won’t accept the natural decline wherein youthful vigour <strong>and</strong><br />
well-being are replaced by ageing debility. Aralia is noted for the ‘constant<br />
dread <strong>of</strong> disease.’ They seek indestructible, enduring, eternal, ever-lasting life.<br />
Clinging to the dream <strong>of</strong> longevity, all their energy goes to rejuvenation,<br />
where it is possible to postpone or prevent the natural wane <strong>of</strong> functions.<br />
There should be resistance to <strong>and</strong> protection from noxious effects <strong>and</strong><br />
stresses so that physical <strong>and</strong> mental capacities are once again raised <strong>and</strong><br />
restored. Purification, cleansing <strong>and</strong> even supernatural or spiritual practices<br />
are used to try to achieve these ends.<br />
Though equipped with fortified strength to live with high stress, this is not<br />
really the best strategy for living. One readily crosses the fine line between<br />
helpful <strong>and</strong> harmful. This route to longevity achieves the opposite by<br />
burning out mind <strong>and</strong> body in the youthful spree <strong>of</strong> spending energy <strong>and</strong><br />
vitality. The collapse, the sheer exhaustion, the weakness that follow are<br />
practically unsupportable.<br />
A more measured pace, appropriate for each phase <strong>of</strong> life, allows for the<br />
dynamism <strong>of</strong> youth to yield gracefully <strong>and</strong> productively to the more settled,<br />
calm, contemplative pursuits as one ages. The dilemma for the Araliaceae is<br />
how to stay flexible <strong>and</strong> youthful while embracing all stages <strong>of</strong> life with<br />
open-minded enthusiasm <strong>and</strong> joy. The wisdom to do this is the true preserver<br />
<strong>of</strong> health <strong>and</strong> life.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
1 Youthful, vitality, enthusiasm, fearless <strong>and</strong> flexible. Courage, vigour,<br />
verve.<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 493
2 Enduring the unendurable. Fighting against resistance. Perseverance,<br />
strength. Adaptability.<br />
3 Stress, worries, cares, dem<strong>and</strong>s, fast-paced life. Pushed to the limit.<br />
4 Generalised impairment, chronic diminishment <strong>of</strong> facilities <strong>and</strong> capacities.<br />
Ageing.<br />
5 Nervous exhaustion, neurasthenia, burn out, weak, forgetful, prostration.<br />
6 Indestructible, enduring, ever-lasting life. Longevity. Clinging to Life.<br />
7 Strengthening, restoring, enhancing mental <strong>and</strong> physical capacities.<br />
8 Purification, cleansing, supernatural or spiritual practices.<br />
9 The fine line between helpful <strong>and</strong> harmful.<br />
10 Pushed to exhaustion. Collapse <strong>and</strong> exhaustion; fatigue, weakness.<br />
Unsupportable.<br />
11 Endocrine system, adrenals <strong>and</strong> thyroid. Cortisone.<br />
12 Coldness.<br />
13 Constriction.<br />
Aralia californica<br />
Aralia californica S. Watson. Elk-clover; California spikenard.<br />
Native range: Western USA – California, Oregon. Habitat: Moist shade,<br />
canyons, streamsides. Deciduous herbaceous perennial, to 2–3 m high, with<br />
creeping rhizomes <strong>and</strong> thick stems that are not woody. Laticiferous. Leaves large,<br />
papery, 1–3-pinnate,1–2 m long, 1 m broad; leaflets ovate to oblong, toothed.<br />
Flowers small, greenish-white flowers, in large compound umbels 30–45 cm<br />
across. Fruit a dark purple or black drupe, with 3–5 seeds.<br />
It has a long history <strong>of</strong> use among Native Americans in treating upper respiratory<br />
complaints, arthritis with a root decoction as a soak, colds, fevers, stomach<br />
ailments, itching sores with a wash <strong>and</strong> to facilitate labour. As a tonic it is said<br />
to give great strength to weakened parts <strong>and</strong> weakened people.<br />
� No symptoms in MM.<br />
Aralia hispida<br />
Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly sarsaparilla; dwarf elder; bristly spikenard.<br />
Native range: Eastern North America. Habitat: Fields, hedges, rocky places,<br />
roadsides. Herbaceous perennial or semi-woody shrub, to 1 m high, with stem<br />
base woody <strong>and</strong> shrubby, <strong>and</strong> thickly beset with sharp, stiff bristles. Leaves 2pinnate;<br />
leaflets oblong-ovate, sharply toothed. Flowers greenish-white, in<br />
simple, long-stalked, globose umbels. Fruit a round, black drupe with 3 seeds.<br />
Specific eclectic indications include: ‘Diffused anasarca; dropsy <strong>of</strong> cavities;<br />
oedema; dropsy with constipation; renal <strong>and</strong> hepatic torpor; dyspnoea; <strong>and</strong> pain<br />
in the lumbar region.’ [King 1898]<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
� Symptoms in MM from Boericke:<br />
� A valuable diuretic, useful in dropsy <strong>of</strong> the cavities, either due to hepatic or<br />
renal disease with constipation.<br />
� Urinary disorders, especially with dropsy.<br />
494 Family ARALIACEAE
Aralia nudicaulis<br />
Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild sarsaparilla; false sarsaparilla; American sarsaparilla.<br />
Native range: North America. Habitat: Moist or dry woodl<strong>and</strong>s, thickets, riparian<br />
areas, prairie or bog edges. Widespread, dominant understorey species throughout<br />
the boreal coniferous <strong>and</strong> mixed-wood forests. Rhizomatous, herbaceous<br />
perennial, to 70 cm high, forming extensive colonies. Stemless, flowering stems<br />
<strong>and</strong> leaves arise directly from the rhizome; nudicaulis means naked stem. Leaves<br />
ternate, each division 3–5 pinnately divided; leaflets lanceolate-elliptic, finely<br />
toothed <strong>and</strong> about 15 cm long. Leaves go dormant in summer before fruits ripen.<br />
Dioecious; flowers greenish-white, in globose umbels. Fruit a bluish-black drupe.<br />
‘Possesses alterative properties <strong>and</strong> is used in decoction or syrup as a substitute<br />
for sarsaparilla in all cases where an alterative is required. It is likewise used in<br />
pulmonary diseases. Externally, a decoction <strong>of</strong> it has been found beneficial as a<br />
wash in zona [shingles] <strong>and</strong> in indolent ulcers.’ [King 1898]<br />
� No symptoms in MM.<br />
ARALIA RACEMOSA<br />
Scientific name Aralia racemosa L.<br />
Common names American spikenard. Life-<strong>of</strong>-man. Small spikenard.<br />
Petty-morel.<br />
Family Araliaceae – order Apiales.<br />
Homeopathy Aralia racemosa – Aral.<br />
Botanical Features<br />
� Rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial, with few-leaved stems, sometimes becoming<br />
woody in basal part.<br />
� Native range: Eastern North America.<br />
� Habitat: Rich wooded slopes, ravines, shaded moist ledges <strong>and</strong> bluffs.<br />
� Leaves ternate or 1–2-pinnate, rather stiff, both surfaces green.<br />
� Flowers greenish-white, in umbels 12–30 cm across.<br />
� Fruit a brown to purple drupe.<br />
Medicinal Uses<br />
‘Like other close relatives <strong>of</strong> ginseng, spikenard has shown an ability to stimulate<br />
phagocytosis in white blood cells, increase interferon synthesis in infected<br />
cells, <strong>and</strong> increase the capacity for metabolic stress in rats. 9I haven’t done too<br />
much counselling with rats, but I can vouch for its helping human beings.] This<br />
function <strong>of</strong> spikenard is sometimes adaptogenic, increasing mobilisation but<br />
decreasing the metabolic costs <strong>of</strong> stress responses. This may mean [the jury is still<br />
out] that moderate amounts <strong>of</strong> the tincture or tea on a regular basis can<br />
strengthen someone with metabolic or chronic disease, whatever the type.<br />
‘More prosaic but more predictable, spikenard is a first-class medicine for the<br />
initial stages <strong>of</strong> bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchorrhoea . . . all that stuff we<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 495
usually call a “chest cold.” The tincture [ 1 ⁄4– 1 ⁄2 teaspoon in hot water], the tea [2–4<br />
ounces hot], or the honey cough syrup [1–2 teaspoons] works well for adult or<br />
child. Conversely, the same amounts will help the individual with moist, tired,<br />
chronic coughing; the aged person with impaired pulmonary function; or the<br />
heavy smoker or former smoker with a moist, phlegmy cough in the mornings<br />
<strong>and</strong> evenings. For this latter group, the more the sense <strong>of</strong> chest <strong>and</strong> lung tiredness,<br />
the better spikenard works. . . . A hot tea <strong>of</strong> the root will usually help start<br />
menstruation when the month has been a hard one, with a head cold or sudden<br />
change <strong>of</strong> weather possibly delaying the onset.’ [Moore 1989]<br />
Enlightening Failures<br />
‘I happened to read Jones’s proving in Hale New Remedies some six or seven years<br />
ago <strong>and</strong> I was much struck with the character <strong>of</strong> the cough. I fancy the thing<br />
that helped to impress it upon my mind was the fact that I had had just at that<br />
period a lady under my care who was suffering from a cough that came on after<br />
lying down at night. I had been tinkering away at this cough <strong>and</strong> could not cure<br />
it; so I blamed the damp house in which the lady resided <strong>and</strong> its proximity to a<br />
brook prettily hidden among the willows close by. Hyoscyamus, Digitalis <strong>and</strong> a<br />
number <strong>of</strong> other remedies came into play, but the cough would not budge a bit.<br />
‘Need I tell the heart-rending tale that the patient lost faith in her doctor [the<br />
writer] <strong>and</strong> in his much-vaunted pathy, <strong>and</strong> set about healing herself with quack<br />
medicines <strong>and</strong> orthodox sedative cough mixtures? Of course, I felt humiliated<br />
<strong>and</strong> I therefore made up my mind to read my Materia Medica a little more<br />
diligently. It was quite evident that the cough was a curable one, for the most<br />
careful physical examination failed to detect anything besides a few moist rales<br />
that tallied with the moderate amount <strong>of</strong> expectoration.<br />
‘Failures are very instructive at times. Just after having received my congé from<br />
this lady, I was reading Hale’s New Remedies <strong>and</strong> came across Dr. S. A. Jones’s<br />
proving <strong>of</strong> Aralia racemosa, where he says: “At 3 p.m. I took ten drops <strong>of</strong> the<br />
mother tincture in two ounces <strong>of</strong> water. An interesting book caused me to forget<br />
my ‘dose’. The events <strong>of</strong> the night jogged my memory very effectually.” He goes<br />
on to say that he retired to rest at midnight, feeling as well as ever, but he “had<br />
no sooner lain down than he was seized with a fit <strong>of</strong> asthma.” I put down the<br />
book – Hale’s New Remedies was not quite so thick then as it is now – <strong>and</strong> said<br />
to myself, “That’s Mrs. N.’s cough, that is just how she goes. She lies down <strong>and</strong><br />
forthwith begins to cough, to get laboured breathing <strong>and</strong> to make her poor hardtoiling<br />
husb<strong>and</strong> wish he were a bachelor”; at least he might have wished it, for<br />
ought I know to the contrary.<br />
‘A little time elapsed <strong>and</strong> the writer was sent for to see one <strong>of</strong> this coughing<br />
lady’s children with eczema. The bairn’s common integument having been<br />
prescribed for, I timidly inquired about the cough. “Oh,” said Mrs. N., “it is as<br />
bad as ever; I have tried everything <strong>and</strong> do not know what to do.” I sat down<br />
<strong>and</strong> wrote: Rx Tc. Aralia racemosa 2, <strong>and</strong> it cured cito, tuto, et jucunde [rapid,<br />
safe <strong>and</strong> pleasant] <strong>and</strong> that not because Aralia is good for coughs <strong>and</strong> has an<br />
affinity for the respiratory organs merely, but because it is capable <strong>of</strong> causing a<br />
cough like the one that was to be cured. This happened somewhere about six or<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
496 Family ARALIACEAE
seven years ago <strong>and</strong> I have since cured this kind <strong>of</strong> cough with Aralia whenever<br />
I have come across it <strong>and</strong> at a rough guess I should say that would be thirty or<br />
forty times.’ [Compton Burnett 1896]<br />
MATERIA MEDICA ARALIA RACEMOSA Aral.<br />
Sources<br />
1 Self-experimentation Jones [USA], tincture; 1870.<br />
2 Clinical observations, including eclectic indications, in Hale.<br />
Mind<br />
� Constant dread <strong>of</strong> disease [right lung], unable to shake <strong>of</strong>f fear. 1<br />
Generals<br />
� Drenching perspiration at night. 1<br />
Locals<br />
� Leucorrhoea, & pressing down pains in uterus. Leucorrhoea, acrid <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>fen-<br />
sive. 2<br />
� Seized with a fit <strong>of</strong> asthma as soon as he lies down in bed, upon back. 1<br />
� Dry wheezing respiration, sense <strong>of</strong> impending suffocation, <strong>and</strong> rapidly increasing<br />
dyspnoea. 1<br />
� Wheezing so laboured as to make the whole bed vibrate. ‘Could not possibly<br />
lie down; felt that I would suffocate if I did not sit up.’ 1<br />
� Discomfort <strong>and</strong> oppression in right lung when lying on right side <strong>and</strong> in left<br />
lung when lying on left side, with entire relief in opposite lung. 1<br />
� Raw, burning, sore feeling behind whole length <strong>of</strong> sternum <strong>and</strong> in each lung,<br />
most intense behind sternum, on making a forcible expiration. 1<br />
Hay Asthma<br />
‘Dr. Jones relates a case <strong>of</strong> hay asthma, cured by Aralia, in which the characteristic<br />
symptoms were:<br />
Yearly attacks <strong>of</strong> suffocative catarrh, with “extreme sensitiveness to a draught,<br />
the least current <strong>of</strong> air causing sneezing, with copious watery, acrid discharge<br />
from nostrils <strong>and</strong> posterior nares, <strong>of</strong> a salty, acrid taste, excoriating all the<br />
passages.” Waking at midnight, with suffocative breathing, inability to lie down,<br />
<strong>and</strong> the copious discharge above mentioned. Relief <strong>of</strong> the asthma by bending<br />
forward, elbows on knees. Inspiration more difficult than expiration. When the<br />
coryza ceased, the trouble went to the lungs, with dry, wheezing cough, ejecting<br />
yellow, thread-like pieces <strong>of</strong> tough mucus. Aralia, 10 drops, three times a day;<br />
cured in three days.’ [cited in Hale, Vol. II]<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Aralia spinosa<br />
Aralia spinosa L. Devil’s walking-stick; angelica-tree.<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 497
Native range: Eastern North America. Habitat: Moist bottoml<strong>and</strong> forests;<br />
wooded slopes. Fast-growing, deciduous shrub or small tree, to 8 m high, sending<br />
up a loose colony <strong>of</strong> spiny ash-grey stems from a rhizomatous root system.<br />
Aromatic. Stems ringed with distinctive semicircular leaf scars lined with sharp<br />
tooth-like spines. Leaves clustered at end <strong>of</strong> twigs, fern-like, 2-pinnate, to 2 m<br />
long, borne on long prickly stems, spiny along ribs; leaflets oval, toothed, dark<br />
green above, whitish below. Young leaves bronze-coloured, green in summer,<br />
returning to bronze/red mottled with some yellow before falling in autumn.<br />
Flowers creamy white, in large compound umbels arranged in terminal clusters<br />
30–60 cm long. Male flowers do not open until some time after the female ones<br />
<strong>and</strong> not before some <strong>of</strong> the latter, seemingly impatient from delay, have fallen<br />
unfertilised. Fruit a purplish-black drupe. Easy to grow <strong>and</strong> ‘literally thriving on<br />
neglect’ as one horticulturist has it. It can hardly be called thriving, if that neglect<br />
results in flowers not being pollinated.<br />
‘The fresh bark will produce vomiting <strong>and</strong> purging; but when dried it is a stimulating<br />
alterative, producing a determination toward the surface. The tincture has<br />
been used in syphilitic <strong>and</strong> rheumatic affections, <strong>and</strong> in some diseases <strong>of</strong> the skin.<br />
The warm infusion, especially when strong, is apt to induce vomiting. The berries<br />
in tincture have been found useful in lulling the pain from a decayed tooth; also<br />
in various painful affections <strong>of</strong> other parts. Physicians in Cincinnati made much<br />
use <strong>of</strong> this bark during the cholera <strong>of</strong> 1849–50, in cases where cathartics were<br />
required, but where the action <strong>of</strong> every purgative was difficult to control; the<br />
preparation was composed <strong>of</strong> 1 dram <strong>of</strong> compound powder <strong>of</strong> jalap, 1 dram <strong>of</strong><br />
aralia spinosa <strong>and</strong> 2 drams <strong>of</strong> compound powder <strong>of</strong> rhubarb. Given in powder,<br />
in half-teaspoonful doses; or the powder was infused in half a pint <strong>of</strong> boiling<br />
water, <strong>of</strong> which infusion, when cold, a tablespoonful was given every half hour.<br />
In no case in which it was given did it produce a tendency to looseness or<br />
choleraic discharges. It is a powerful sialagogue <strong>and</strong> is valuable in diseases where<br />
the mouth <strong>and</strong> throat are dry <strong>and</strong> parched, as a very small portion <strong>of</strong> the powder<br />
will produce a moisture <strong>and</strong> relieve difficult breathing; also useful in sore throat.’<br />
[King 1898]<br />
� No symptoms in MM.<br />
Eleutherococcus senticosus<br />
Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.; syns. Hedera senticosa<br />
Rupr. & Maxim.; Acanthopanax sensticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms. Siberian<br />
ginseng; eleuthero.<br />
Native range: E Asia. Habitat: Understorey species in mixed <strong>and</strong> coniferous<br />
mountain forests. Small, woody shrub, prickly, deciduous <strong>and</strong> slow-growing,<br />
4–6 m high. The oldest stems may be unarmed while the youngest are densely<br />
covered with flexible prickles. Palmate leaves, on long, <strong>of</strong>ten reddish stalks,<br />
usually composed <strong>of</strong> 5 elliptical leaflets with serrate margins. Flowers small,<br />
occurring toward tips <strong>of</strong> stems in single or paired, long-stalked umbels. Fruit a<br />
drupe.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
498 Family ARALIACEAE
It is commonly marketed as Siberian Ginseng as it has similar herbal properties<br />
to those <strong>of</strong> Panax ginseng. In human studies Eleutherococcus has been<br />
successfully used to treat bone marrow suppression caused by chemotherapy or<br />
radiation, angina, hypercholesterolemia <strong>and</strong> neurasthenia with headache,<br />
insomnia <strong>and</strong> poor appetite. Clinical data support its use as a prophylactic <strong>and</strong><br />
restorative tonic for enhancement <strong>of</strong> mental <strong>and</strong> physical capacities in cases <strong>of</strong><br />
weakness, exhaustion <strong>and</strong> tiredness <strong>and</strong> during convalescence. Traditional uses<br />
include treatment <strong>of</strong> rheumatoid arthritis, insomnia <strong>and</strong> dream-disturbed sleep,<br />
as a carminative in acute <strong>and</strong> chronic gastritis, as a diuretic, to treat impotence<br />
<strong>and</strong> to regulate blood pressure.<br />
Adverse effects have been described. ‘A few cases <strong>of</strong> insomnia, arrhythmia<br />
[including tachycardia], extrasystole <strong>and</strong> hypertonia were reported in a clinical<br />
study involving 64 patients with atherosclerosis, who received a 33% ethanol<br />
extract <strong>of</strong> the crude drug at a dose <strong>of</strong> 4.5–6.0 ml daily for 6–8 cycles <strong>of</strong> treatment<br />
[lasting 25–35 days]. In another study <strong>of</strong> 55 patients with rheumatic heart lesions,<br />
two patients experienced hypertension, pericardial pain <strong>and</strong> palpitations, <strong>and</strong><br />
pressure headaches after ingesting 3 ml <strong>of</strong> a 33% ethanol extract <strong>of</strong> the roots daily<br />
for 28 days. Insomnia has also been reported as a side-effect in other clinical<br />
trials.’ [WHO 2004]<br />
� No symptoms in MM.<br />
GINSENG<br />
Scientific name Panax quinquefolius L.<br />
Synonyms Aralia quinquefolia (L.) Decne. & Planch.<br />
Panax americanus Raf.<br />
Common name American ginseng.<br />
Family Araliaceae – order Apiales.<br />
Homeopathy Ginseng – Gins.<br />
Scientific name Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.<br />
Synonyms Aralia ginseng (C.A. Mey.) Baill.<br />
Panax schinseng T. Nees.<br />
Common names Chinese ginseng. Asian ginseng. Korean ginseng.<br />
Family Araliaceae – order Apiales.<br />
Homeopathy Ginseng – Gins.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Botanical Features<br />
American ginseng<br />
� Herbaceous perennial with spindle-shaped rootstock <strong>and</strong> round, smooth, green<br />
stems, <strong>of</strong>ten with a tinge <strong>of</strong> red, 20–50 cm high.<br />
� Native range: Eastern North America.<br />
� Habitat: Rich, shady hardwood forests.<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 499
� Leaves born in whorls, 3–4, palmately compound; leaflets 5 [quinquefolius =<br />
with 5 leaves], long-stalked, obovate, sharply serrate, acuminate, smooth on<br />
both sides, with scattered bristles on the veins above.<br />
� Flowers small, yellowish-green, in single terminal umbel.<br />
� Fruit a bright-scarlet drupe, ca. 1.2 cm in diameter, with 2–3 semicircular, white<br />
seeds.<br />
� Outermost florets ripen first <strong>and</strong> their fruits <strong>of</strong>ten obtain their full size before<br />
the central ones are exp<strong>and</strong>ed; the central florets are frequently abortive.<br />
Chinese or Asian ginseng<br />
� Herbaceous perennial, 30–60 cm high, thick, fusiform roots <strong>and</strong> simple stems.<br />
� Native range: Korea <strong>and</strong> northern China.<br />
� Habitat: Deciduous broad-leaved forests; extremely rare in the wild; mostly<br />
cultivated.<br />
� Leaves borne in whorls, 3–6, palmately compound; leaflets 3–5, long-stalked,<br />
obovate, 7–20 cm long, serrate.<br />
� Flowers small, yellowish-green, in single terminal umbel.<br />
� Fruit a bright red drupe, globose, about 1.5 cm in diameter, with 2 flat, yellow<br />
seeds.<br />
� Outermost florets ripen first <strong>and</strong> their fruits <strong>of</strong>ten obtain their full size before<br />
the central ones are exp<strong>and</strong>ed; the central florets are frequently abortive.<br />
Medicinal Uses<br />
‘Ginseng is perhaps the most widely recognised <strong>plant</strong> used in traditional<br />
medicine <strong>and</strong> now plays a major role in the herbal health care market. For more<br />
than 2,000 years, various forms have been used in medicine. The name Panax<br />
derives from the Greek word for “all healing” <strong>and</strong> its properties have been no<br />
less touted. Ginseng root’s man-shaped figure [shen-seng means “man-root”] led<br />
proponents <strong>of</strong> the Doctrine <strong>of</strong> Signatures, an ancient philosophy, to believe that<br />
the root could strengthen any part <strong>of</strong> the body. Through the ages, the root has<br />
been used in the treatment <strong>of</strong> asthenia [loss <strong>of</strong> strength], atherosclerosis, blood<br />
<strong>and</strong> bleeding disorders, colitis <strong>and</strong> to relieve the symptoms <strong>of</strong> ageing, cancer <strong>and</strong><br />
senility.<br />
‘Ginseng is popularly used for its adaptogenic, anti-neoplastic, immunomodulatory,<br />
cardiovascular, CNS, endocrine <strong>and</strong> ergogenic effects, but these uses<br />
have not been confirmed by clinical trials. . . . Note that the pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> particular<br />
ginsenosides differs between American <strong>and</strong> Asian ginseng; however, total<br />
ginsenoside content is similar.’ [www.drugs.com]<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Adverse Reactions<br />
‘The most common adverse reactions with ginseng are nervousness <strong>and</strong> excitation.<br />
However, there have been reports <strong>of</strong> diffuse mammary nodularity <strong>and</strong><br />
vaginal bleeding. A hypoglycaemic effect has also been documented. Postmarketing<br />
surveillance <strong>of</strong> CVT-E002 [COLD-fX, a patented, proprietary extract<br />
containing mainly oligosaccharides <strong>and</strong> polysaccharides from North American<br />
ginseng] in Canada from 1996 to 2006 led to 100 documented adverse reaction<br />
500 Family ARALIACEAE
eports, out <strong>of</strong> over 200 million doses <strong>of</strong> CVT-E002 sold. Reactions included<br />
abdominal pain, confusion, diuresis, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, insomnia,<br />
joint pain, lowered blood pressure, nausea <strong>and</strong> vomiting.’ [www.drugs.com]<br />
Chinese or American?<br />
Allen states that the American <strong>and</strong> Chinese species <strong>of</strong> ginseng are ‘probably<br />
identical’. They are not, although they are in the same genus. Chemically they<br />
are quite similar, both containing ginsenosides as the major biologically active<br />
constituents. Steven Foster, an authority on Chinese medicine, asserts that<br />
‘American <strong>and</strong> Asian ginsengs contain some <strong>of</strong> the same as well as some different<br />
ginsenosides, which explains their different actions as expressed in<br />
traditional Chinese medicine. Mild American ginseng helps to reduce the heat<br />
<strong>of</strong> the respiratory <strong>and</strong> digestive systems, whereas the stronger Asian ginseng is a<br />
heat-raising tonic for the blood <strong>and</strong> circulatory systems.’ American ginseng is<br />
Panax quinquefolius L. <strong>and</strong> Chinese ginseng is Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.<br />
‘The naturalist Sheng Neng Pen-T’sao introduced around 100 AD an interesting<br />
technique to test the authenticity <strong>of</strong> the ginseng root: “In order to test for<br />
the true ginseng, two persons walk together, one with a piece <strong>of</strong> ginseng root in<br />
his mouth <strong>and</strong> the other with his mouth empty. If at the end <strong>of</strong> three to five li<br />
[about a mile <strong>and</strong> a quarter] the one with ginseng in his mouth does not feel<br />
himself tired, while the other is out <strong>of</strong> breath, the ginseng is genuine root.”<br />
Eastern herbalism met Western culture in 1709 AD when Father Petrus Jartoux<br />
[1668–1720], a Jesuit missionary, visited Northern China. He published a Western<br />
documentation <strong>of</strong> Panax ginseng in 1713. He noted that ginseng could possibly<br />
grow in the mountains <strong>and</strong> woods <strong>of</strong> Canada, since they mimic the environment<br />
<strong>of</strong> the Chinese ginseng.<br />
‘This observation describes the North American ginseng <strong>and</strong> would later be discovered<br />
as the “cooling” ginseng, or the yin ginseng, completing the “warming”<br />
yang ginseng, native to China. Ginseng was an important part <strong>of</strong> Native<br />
American culture. Although there is no formal documentation <strong>of</strong> ginseng usage<br />
in Native American herbal remedies, there is evidence <strong>of</strong> its influence in the<br />
Northeast Culture Area tribes. These inhabitants covered the Atlantic coastal area,<br />
across the Appalachians to the Mississippi, from the Great Lakes to the Cumberl<strong>and</strong><br />
River in Tennessee. The tribes <strong>of</strong> this area were not only hunters <strong>and</strong> fishermen,<br />
but also farmers <strong>and</strong> herb-gatherers. They utilised herbs for ritualistic<br />
ceremonies <strong>and</strong> for practical purposes, such as prevention <strong>and</strong> cure <strong>of</strong> illnesses,<br />
wound dressing, treatment <strong>of</strong> female ailments, increase elderly strength, promote<br />
fertility, enhance mental activity, stomach upset <strong>and</strong> the treatment <strong>of</strong> ear <strong>and</strong><br />
eye disorders.’ [Gehr 2000]<br />
In 1715 Joseph Francois Lafitau [1681–1746], another Jesuit missionary who<br />
worked above Montreal in Canada from 1711–1717, read Jartoux’s words, then<br />
began a search for ginseng in Canada. In 1716 Lafitau, strolling in the woods<br />
near his cabin, found the red-berried <strong>plant</strong>. American ginseng [Panax quinquefolius]<br />
was discovered.<br />
According to traditional Chinese medicine, American ginseng is a Yin tonic<br />
<strong>and</strong> cool in nature. Asian ginseng, by contrast, is a Yang tonic <strong>and</strong> generally warm<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 501
or even hot in nature. Adopting the concept <strong>of</strong> cure by opposites, Ron<br />
Teeguarden proclaims that ‘American Ginseng is thus useful for people who are<br />
hot. In other words, people who tend to have lots <strong>of</strong> energy, high metabolisms,<br />
are aggressive, have high blood pressure <strong>and</strong> have ruddy complexions can take<br />
American Ginseng for its adaptogenic benefits without fear <strong>of</strong> overheating.’<br />
One <strong>of</strong> P. ginseng’s most common side effects is the inability to sleep. Other<br />
adverse effects include dizziness, nausea, diarrhoea, euphoria, headaches, epistaxis,<br />
altered blood pressure <strong>and</strong> breast tenderness. This is a reference to the<br />
controversial ‘ginseng abuse syndrome’.<br />
Two Edged Sword<br />
‘The presentation <strong>of</strong> the mild <strong>and</strong> beneficial nature <strong>of</strong> ginseng was turned upside<br />
down about two centuries later [after its introduction to Europe in 1704]. Ginseng<br />
had become exceedingly rare <strong>and</strong> costly, <strong>and</strong>, as a result, it had become an object<br />
<strong>of</strong> abuse. Physicians <strong>and</strong> herb merchants would promise incredible results from<br />
using the rare root [which, at the time, was not cultivated <strong>and</strong> only obtained<br />
from remote forests in Northeast China <strong>and</strong> Korea]. Desperate patients <strong>and</strong> their<br />
<strong>families</strong> would seek it out <strong>and</strong> then use as much as possible in an attempt to<br />
overcome an obviously debilitating or fatal condition. Ginseng was even<br />
described as being able to bring back the dead [probably meaning that it would<br />
restore health to someone who appeared to be imminently dying].<br />
‘When some <strong>of</strong> the ailing patients died after taking ginseng, responsibility for<br />
the death might be attributed to the ginseng. Hence, ginseng became known as<br />
a potentially dangerous herb. Zhang Lu, a physician <strong>of</strong> the Qing Dynasty period,<br />
commented: “Some people look upon ginseng as poison or a sword [two-edged,<br />
able to provide help, but also to destroy] <strong>and</strong> stubbornly refuse to use it.”<br />
‘Still, its old reputation as a healer for serious conditions <strong>and</strong> as a preventer <strong>of</strong><br />
ageing <strong>and</strong> death was retained. Ginseng eventually became known to the West<br />
through the efforts <strong>of</strong> missionary doctors living in the East. The British doctors<br />
Smith <strong>and</strong> Stuart, working in China at the end <strong>of</strong> the 19th century, wrote:<br />
“Ginseng, with the Chinese, is the medicine par excellence, the dernier ressort<br />
[last resort] when all other drugs fail; reserved for the use <strong>of</strong> the Emperor <strong>and</strong> his<br />
household <strong>and</strong> conferred by Imperial favour upon high <strong>and</strong> useful <strong>of</strong>ficials<br />
whenever they have a serious breakdown that does not yield to ordinary treatment,<br />
<strong>and</strong> which threatens to put a period to their lives <strong>and</strong> usefulness. . . . The<br />
ordinary ginseng <strong>of</strong> the markets has been studied <strong>and</strong> has not been found to<br />
possess any important medicinal properties. But the Chinese describe cases in<br />
which the sick have been practically in articulo mortis, when upon the administration<br />
<strong>of</strong> ginseng they were sufficiently restored to transact final items <strong>of</strong><br />
business. . . . It is prescribed in nearly every kind <strong>of</strong> disease <strong>of</strong> a severe character,<br />
with few exceptions, but with many reservations as to the stage <strong>of</strong> the disease in<br />
which it may be administered with the greatest benefit <strong>and</strong> safety.” ’ [Dharman<strong>and</strong>a<br />
2000]<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
502 Family ARALIACEAE
MATERIA MEDICA [AMERICAN OR CHINESE] GINSENG Gins.<br />
Sources<br />
1 Proving Jouvé [France], 2 provers, tincture, c. 1834.<br />
2 Self-experimentation Lembke [Riga], including effects observed on ‘B.’ <strong>and</strong> ‘Q.’;<br />
tincture; c. 1848.<br />
3 Proving Nancy Herrick [USA], 8 provers [6 females, 2 males]; no further details.<br />
[Proving conducted with the ‘same combination <strong>of</strong> American <strong>and</strong> Korean<br />
ginseng as had been used in the previous studies.’]<br />
Identity<br />
The homeopathic materia medica is arranged under the name Ginseng, Panax<br />
quinquefolius, American ginseng. However, it is doubtful whether American<br />
ginseng was the source <strong>of</strong> the remedy used for the provings, which were done in<br />
Europe in the 1830–40s. Dr. M. Jouvé, <strong>of</strong> Lyon, France, introduced the remedy<br />
into homeopathy under the name Gins-eng, made from the roots <strong>of</strong> <strong>plant</strong>s<br />
imported from China. Roth, who arranged the symptoms, called it ‘Ginsengchinense’!<br />
That Dr. James Lembke, <strong>of</strong> Riga in what was Russia at the time,<br />
probably also used Chinese ginseng can be no more than a likely yet unsubstantiated<br />
presumption. In prominent usage in ancient China, Manchuria <strong>and</strong> other<br />
parts <strong>of</strong> eastern Asia for centuries, Chinese ginseng was introduced into Europe<br />
[Paris] in 1704. The remedy nonetheless received its name after the American<br />
species, the reason for which must have been T.F. Allen’s underst<strong>and</strong>able yet<br />
incorrect claim in his Encyclopedia: ‘American <strong>and</strong> Chinese species [are] probably<br />
identical.’<br />
Mind<br />
� Mood quiet <strong>and</strong> contented, & good courage. 2<br />
� Generally calm mood, yet subject to impatient impulses <strong>and</strong> fear <strong>of</strong> accidents,<br />
& disposition to weep an anxiety about future. 1<br />
� Forgetful, forgets things that have just taken place. 1<br />
� Increased self-confidence, feels capable. Contented with self. Self-sufficient. 3<br />
� Delusions: Body being enlarged; separated from body; being exp<strong>and</strong>ed; being<br />
a great person; being powerful; <strong>of</strong> superiority. 3<br />
� Impatience with conversations, with people, with small talk. 3<br />
Generals<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
� Pressure, tightness, oppression. 2<br />
� Distressing dryness, parts sticking together – mouth, lips, throat; < open air,<br />
talking. 2<br />
� Lassitude evoked by coldness. 1<br />
� Weakness 4–8 p.m. 3<br />
� Right side more affected. 1<br />
� Desire for chocolate, meat, red wine. Aversion to flour tortillas. 3<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 503
Sensations<br />
� Head as if enlarged <strong>and</strong> swaying sideways. 2<br />
� Left temple as if too thick. 2<br />
� Reeling in occiput & grey spots before eyes. 2<br />
� Eyes as if pressed inward. 1<br />
� Eyes as if cold. 2<br />
� Mouth, tongue, teeth, lips, fauces dry as if covered with s<strong>and</strong>. 2<br />
� Tightness chest, as if not getting enough air, & anxiety <strong>and</strong> heaviness limbs. 2<br />
� Cardiac region as if tight on taking a deep breath, must walk about, which >. 2<br />
� H<strong>and</strong>s as if swollen <strong>and</strong> skin as if tight on closing h<strong>and</strong>s. 2<br />
� Limbs as if light <strong>and</strong> flexible, in morning, despite a bad night. 2<br />
� Sense <strong>of</strong> lightness when walking. 2<br />
� Body as if falling backward when sitting. 2<br />
Locals<br />
� Vertigo on going down winding stairs. 2<br />
� Dull feeling in frontal region, followed by dizziness, sleepiness, <strong>and</strong> heaviness<br />
eyes. 2<br />
� Drawing pain in occiput on mental exertion, involuntarily bends head back-<br />
wards. 2<br />
� Photophobia in dim weather. 2<br />
� Nose dry <strong>and</strong> sensitive to passage <strong>of</strong> air. 2<br />
� Mouth so dry that buttered bread can be swallowed only with difficulty <strong>and</strong><br />
won’t go down further than back part <strong>of</strong> throat, where it remains stuck. 2<br />
� Difficult respiration < sitting, > walking. 2<br />
MATERIA MEDICA AMERICAN GINSENG Panax-q.<br />
Sources<br />
1 Proving Ibersh<strong>of</strong>f [USA], 10 provers, 1x, 3x, 6x; 1905. Proving substance Aralia<br />
quinquefolia [Ginseng].<br />
Mind<br />
� Restlessness [7 pr.], mentally <strong>and</strong> physically.<br />
� Restlessness at night.<br />
� Erotic dreams [4 pr.] & nocturnal emissions [6 pr.].<br />
Generals<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
� Sleepiness [8 pr.] <strong>and</strong> lassitude.<br />
� Motion
Sensations<br />
� Eyes as if pushed outward; accommodation diminished.<br />
� Stomach as if heavy.<br />
� Legs as if paralysed.<br />
Locals<br />
� Dizziness with throbbing in head when rising from reclining posture.<br />
� Headache from occiput to frontal bone, < motion; muscles <strong>of</strong> neck sore.<br />
� Frontal headache [6 pr.] < motion [2 pr.], stooping, cold air [2 pr.].<br />
� Dryness <strong>of</strong> right eye; twitching <strong>of</strong> left. Focusing eyes causes pain.<br />
� Metallic taste at base <strong>of</strong> tongue.<br />
� Obstruction nose < cold air [3 pr.].<br />
� Right thyroid sore, painful on pressure.<br />
� Swelling right side <strong>of</strong> throat.<br />
� Pain in abdomen near navel when abdomen is contracted.<br />
� Severe stabbing pain in liver.<br />
� Burning pain in urethra when urinating [2 pr.].<br />
� Violent erections during day [4 pr.].<br />
� Dull aching pain in lumbar region < motion.<br />
� Pain in left chest <strong>and</strong> left shoulder, especially during deep exhalation.<br />
� Burning in chest < deep inhalation.<br />
� H<strong>and</strong>s cold with hot fingertips.<br />
� Pain in right leg down to knee, posteriorly; muscles on front right thigh sore.<br />
� Cramps left calf; soreness right calf.<br />
� Skin sensitive to touch <strong>of</strong> bedclothes [2 pr.].<br />
Worn Down by Worries<br />
‘We find that the drug [Panax quinquefolius, American ginseng] produces a<br />
marked physical depression, also a more marked mental depression. Especially<br />
does it seem to cause a hypochondriacal state, as is shown by the symptoms <strong>of</strong><br />
lassitude, restless <strong>and</strong> unrefreshing sleep; by the irritability <strong>and</strong> indisposition to<br />
mental or physical labour. These, coupled with the marked effect it produced on<br />
the sexual organs, stimulating them primarily, weakening them secondarily,<br />
should make ginseng a valuable remedy in treating a large class <strong>of</strong> sexual hypochondriacs.<br />
Four out <strong>of</strong> the nine provers retained, had amorous dreams <strong>and</strong> six<br />
had continual nocturnal emissions. This was so marked a symptom that some <strong>of</strong><br />
those who commenced the proving become frightened <strong>and</strong> refused to continue,<br />
which in itself shows that it tended to produce a condition <strong>of</strong> anxiety which is<br />
constantly present in all sexual hypochondriacs. This temporary sexual stimulation<br />
has been an old use <strong>of</strong> the drug, <strong>and</strong> this fact, in connection with the foregoing,<br />
should make it a truly homoeopathic <strong>and</strong> therefore curative remedy in<br />
such cases <strong>of</strong> sexual weakness which especially react upon the mind, causing<br />
lassitude, <strong>and</strong> uneasy mental condition even to fears <strong>of</strong> approaching impotence.<br />
The digestive symptoms were few <strong>and</strong> these were <strong>of</strong> a depressing nature such<br />
as loss <strong>of</strong> appetite, bad taste, foul breath. There seemed to be a desire for something<br />
stimulating yet little or no thirst. Three provers, tobacco users, had no<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 505
desire for tobacco during the time they were under influence <strong>of</strong> the drug.’ [W.A.<br />
Dewey, Résumé <strong>and</strong> Therapeutic Field <strong>of</strong> Ginseng; Hom. Dep. University <strong>of</strong><br />
Michigan, Ann Arbor; June 17, 1905]<br />
HEDERA HELIX<br />
Scientific name Hedera helix L.<br />
Common names English ivy. Common ivy.<br />
Family Araliaceae – order Apiales.<br />
Homeopathy Hedera helix – Hed.<br />
Botanical Features<br />
� Woody vine, creeping or climbing, evergreen, with stems up to 20–30 m. Holds<br />
on to suitably rough surfaces such as trees, cliffs, walls by means <strong>of</strong> short<br />
adhesive rootlets.<br />
� Native range: Europe; naturalised nearly worldwide.<br />
� Habitat: Shady woodl<strong>and</strong>, coastal woodl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> scrub, preferably calcareous<br />
<strong>and</strong> stones; groves <strong>and</strong> parks.<br />
� Young shoots, petioles, young blades, pedicels <strong>and</strong> sepals more or less densely<br />
hairy.<br />
� Two types <strong>of</strong> leaves; palmately 5-lobed juvenile leaves on creeping <strong>and</strong><br />
climbing stems, <strong>and</strong> unlobed cordate adult leaves on fertile flowering stems<br />
exposed to full sun, usually high in crowns <strong>of</strong> trees or top <strong>of</strong> rock faces.<br />
� Flowers greenish-yellow, fragrant, mostly 10–15 per umbel; in terminal,<br />
globose umbels, solitary or grouped in racemose panicles.<br />
� Fruit a globose drupe, violet-black when ripe.<br />
Main Constituents<br />
� Triterpene saponins <strong>and</strong> their glycosides – hederins <strong>and</strong> hederacosides in leaves<br />
<strong>and</strong> berries.<br />
� Polyacetylenes – falcarinol <strong>and</strong> derivatives; see Apiaceae.<br />
� Flavonoids, mainly rutin.<br />
Pharmacological Activities<br />
The leaves <strong>and</strong> berries <strong>of</strong> English ivy could cause toxicosis if ingested. Symptoms<br />
include gastrointestinal upset, diarrhoea, hyperactivity, breathing difficulty,<br />
coma, fever, polydipsia, dilated pupils, muscular weakness <strong>and</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> coordination.<br />
Contact with cell sap may result in severe skin irritation with redness,<br />
itching <strong>and</strong> blisters. Eating the berries may cause burning in the throat.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Medicinal Uses<br />
The German Commission E reported that skin <strong>and</strong> mucosa are sensitive to ivy<br />
leaf <strong>and</strong> it performs correspondingly expectorant <strong>and</strong> spasmolytic activity. The<br />
constituent falcarinol has been confirmed as having antibacterial, analgesic <strong>and</strong><br />
sedative effects. The Commission commends ivy leaf as treatment for catarrhs<br />
506 Family ARALIACEAE
<strong>of</strong> the respiratory passages <strong>and</strong> for symptoms <strong>of</strong> chronic inflammatory bronchial<br />
conditions. Ivy is suggested as an expectorant, secretolytic <strong>and</strong> antispasmodic in<br />
response to, specifically, whooping cough, spastic bronchitis <strong>and</strong> chronic<br />
catarrh.<br />
Ivy has possible effects as an astringent, micro-vessel protector, anti-oedema<br />
<strong>and</strong> antiseptic. Ivy extracts are major constituents in slimming products, especially<br />
those that combat cellulitis. They are found in most <strong>of</strong> the compositions<br />
<strong>of</strong>fered by well-established cosmetic houses. It has vasoconstrictor <strong>and</strong> antiexudative<br />
properties, <strong>and</strong> reduces capillary permeability, an action attributed to<br />
its rutin <strong>and</strong> other flavonoids. It is also reported to be an effective moderator <strong>of</strong><br />
peripheral sensitivity <strong>and</strong> can improve tolerance to skin massage. It is likewise<br />
noted that Ivy extracts activate the circulation, allow drainage <strong>of</strong> infiltrated tissue<br />
<strong>and</strong> thereby reduce local inflammation, exerting an anti-oedematous effect <strong>and</strong><br />
lowering tissue sensitivity.<br />
Mezger’s claim <strong>of</strong> ivy containing high iodine concentrations could not be<br />
confirmed in the literature. Stephenson, however, observed plenty <strong>of</strong> thyroid<br />
symptoms in Mezger’s proving [see below].<br />
Endocrine System<br />
‘Among non-marine <strong>plant</strong>s Hedera has one <strong>of</strong> the highest concentrations <strong>of</strong><br />
iodine. From this follows its relationship to the symptoms <strong>of</strong> hyperthyroidism.<br />
Indeed, as a keynote one might call Hedera ‘vegetable iodine.’ There is marked<br />
anxiety particularly about the heart, goitre, exophthalmos, sensations <strong>of</strong> tension<br />
in the throat, increased appetite [or loss <strong>of</strong>], constipation, constrictions <strong>and</strong><br />
needle like pains in the heart, palpitations, insomnia, pr<strong>of</strong>use perspiration, a<br />
desire for the open air <strong>and</strong> extreme tiredness.<br />
‘Although, from its iodine content one might expect a similarity <strong>of</strong> symptoms<br />
to Iodum, there appears rather to be a contrast. For instance, unlike the coryza<br />
<strong>of</strong> Iodum, which is < open air, Hedera is > open air. There is throat pain on<br />
swallowing [Iodum has pain when not swallowing]. Iodum has suppressed as well<br />
as increased urination, whereas Hedera urination is increased. Hedera has left<br />
ovarian pain; Iodum, right. It is primarily in the cardiac sphere that Hedera <strong>and</strong><br />
Iodum have a similar action. Both have constriction <strong>of</strong> the heart with piercing,<br />
needle-like pains.<br />
‘Hedera has been <strong>of</strong> great service in myocardial infarction <strong>and</strong> should be<br />
considered along with our other great heart remedies. Hedera also has the organic<br />
hypertrophies <strong>of</strong> Iodum [prostatic as well as thyroid]. Therefore Hedera shares<br />
with Iodum many <strong>of</strong> the pathological signs <strong>and</strong> symptoms <strong>of</strong> hyperthyroidism<br />
but contrasts with Iodum in the expansion <strong>of</strong> these into the subtle sphere <strong>of</strong><br />
subjective, physiological response. In this manner Hedera gives us one more<br />
effective agent for the individualisation <strong>of</strong> the treatment <strong>of</strong> hyperthyroidism.<br />
‘The outst<strong>and</strong>ing symptom not shared either with the clinical symptoms <strong>of</strong><br />
hyperthyroidism or the symptoms <strong>of</strong> Iodum is a generalised tingling <strong>of</strong> the joints,<br />
muscles <strong>and</strong> nerves. Clinically, in homeopathic dilutions, Hedera has been <strong>of</strong><br />
particular value in hyperthyroidism, gallstones <strong>and</strong> cholecystitis, <strong>and</strong> chronic<br />
cirrhosis. In gross dilutions it has been used to cure drunkenness, for worms, late<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 507
menses, varicose veins <strong>and</strong> retarded menses.’ [Stephenson, interpretation <strong>of</strong><br />
Mezger’s proving]<br />
Clinging to a Strong Support<br />
‘The symbolism <strong>of</strong> the ivy rests on three facts which are that it clings, it thrives<br />
in the shade <strong>and</strong> it is an evergreen. Its clinging has made the ivy a symbol <strong>of</strong> the<br />
traditional, albeit now unpopular, image <strong>of</strong> the helpless female clinging to her<br />
man for protection. It also signifies true love, faithfulness <strong>and</strong> undying affection<br />
both in marriage <strong>and</strong> in friendship. Christian symbolists consider the ivy’s need<br />
to cling to a support emblematic <strong>of</strong> frail humanity’s need for divine support.<br />
‘Like other evergreens, the ivy symbolises eternal life <strong>and</strong> resurrection. It has<br />
been associated with the Egyptian god Osiris <strong>and</strong> the Greco-Roman god Attis;<br />
both <strong>of</strong> whom were resurrected from the dead. Medieval Christians, noticing that<br />
ivy thrived on dead trees used it to symbolise the immortal soul, which lived<br />
even though the body [represented by the dead tree] decayed.<br />
‘In spite <strong>of</strong> its use as a symbol <strong>of</strong> immortality, ivy’s association with the grave<br />
caused it to be strongly emblematic <strong>of</strong> mortality. According to Crippen, at<br />
Christmas time, ivy, which represents mortality, should be used only on the<br />
outside <strong>of</strong> buildings because this holiday celebrates Jesus, the giver <strong>of</strong> everlasting<br />
life <strong>and</strong> destroyer <strong>of</strong> death.<br />
‘Because it thrives in the shade, ivy represents debauchery, carousing, merrymaking,<br />
sensuality, the flourishing <strong>of</strong> hidden desires <strong>and</strong> the enjoyment <strong>of</strong> secret<br />
or forbidden pleasures. Some even believed this <strong>plant</strong> to have demonic associations.<br />
Dionysus [Bacchus] the Greco-Roman god <strong>of</strong> wine, satyrs <strong>and</strong> Sileni are<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten wreathed in ivy. Crowns <strong>of</strong> ivy were believed to prevent intoxication <strong>and</strong><br />
thought to aid inspirational thinking. Therefore, the Greeks crowned their poets<br />
with wreaths <strong>of</strong> this <strong>plant</strong>. Although generally considered poisonous, the ivy’s<br />
black berries were used to treat plague.’ [Tucker 1997]<br />
Clinging to Life<br />
As a vigorous, long-lived evergreen <strong>plant</strong>, ivy is used to symbolise ‘ever-life’ or<br />
eternal life <strong>and</strong> resurrection. Also associated with the indestructible ivy are other<br />
undying qualities, such as true love, faithfulness <strong>and</strong> everlasting affection both<br />
in marriage <strong>and</strong> in friendship. American writer O. Henry [1862–1910] featured<br />
ivy as the main character in his short story The Last Leaf, which encompasses<br />
such themes as courage, faithfulness, undying affection, enduring friendship <strong>and</strong><br />
the indestructible quality <strong>of</strong> the gift <strong>of</strong> love.<br />
Set during a blistery east-coast winter, two young female would-be bohemian<br />
artists live in a squatty, old tenement building. Barely scratching a living with<br />
their sketches <strong>and</strong> drawings, they are hit hard when serious cold takes hold <strong>of</strong><br />
the city. The more delicate <strong>of</strong> the two contracts pneumonia. As she lies in bed,<br />
sinking each day further towards death, she watches through her window an old<br />
ivy vine climbing half way up a brick wall. Each day the winter winds take a few<br />
more <strong>of</strong> the leaves from their mooring on the stalk. She knows her life will fly<br />
away with the falling <strong>of</strong> the last leaf.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
508 Family ARALIACEAE
The building houses another artist, an old man experienced in life but a failure<br />
in art. He has befriended the girls, witnessing their youthful optimism from his<br />
perch <strong>of</strong> disillusioned old age. His mantra <strong>of</strong> years holds that one day he would<br />
paint his masterpiece.<br />
The days sweep by, bringing no relief to either the weather or the sick girl. The<br />
leaves continue to fall, until there comes the day when only one ivy leaf is left.<br />
Both girls are sure the end is near. Stubbornly, the last leaf clings to its stalk, just<br />
as the young woman clings to life. A few more days pass <strong>and</strong>, miraculously, the<br />
leaf still hangs on. The enduring persistence <strong>and</strong> indestructible vigour <strong>of</strong> the ivy<br />
leaf finally melt the young woman’s pessimism <strong>and</strong> embolden her with the<br />
courage to get well. And she does, the outcome being a happy ending to the story.<br />
Anyone familiar with O. Henry’s style will know that this is not the end <strong>of</strong> the<br />
story. One day, as the young woman is well on the road to recovery, her friend<br />
comes to tell her the news. Their neighbour, the old, would-be masterpiece<br />
painter, has died the night before <strong>of</strong> pneumonia. It happened that he caught a<br />
deadly chill while outside painting an ivy leaf on the brick wall the night that<br />
the last leaf fell. He had been right; he did paint his masterpiece.<br />
MATERIA MEDICA HEDERA HELIX Hed.<br />
Sources<br />
1 Proving Mezger [Germany], 17 provers, tincture, 1x, 6x, 15x; 1932.<br />
Mind<br />
� Anxiety about heart.<br />
� Constantly lives in a state <strong>of</strong> anxiety <strong>and</strong> worry.<br />
� Anxiety uncontrollable.<br />
� Anxiety & sensation <strong>of</strong> constriction in throat; & palpitation <strong>of</strong> heart. Open air<br />
>.<br />
Generals<br />
� Physical exertion >.<br />
� During menses >.<br />
� Restlessness, despite weariness, < waiting.<br />
� Heat <strong>of</strong> sun, hot summer weather – mind; head; coryza; cough; general.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Sensations<br />
� Throat as if constricted; tension.<br />
� Heart as if having to beat against a strong resistance.<br />
Locals<br />
� Vertigo on bending head, rapid movement <strong>of</strong> head.<br />
� Left-sided frontal headache, & coryza, > open air, cold bathing.<br />
� Nausea, vomiting, <strong>and</strong> stomach cramps > eating.<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 509
� Difficult respiration <strong>and</strong> cough in a warm room.<br />
� Needle-like pain in heart region while talking; awakening with it between 3<br />
<strong>and</strong> 5 a.m.<br />
� Numbness h<strong>and</strong>s on waking, > motion.<br />
Hydrocotyle vulgaris<br />
Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. Pennywort.<br />
Native range: Europe. Habitat: Sunny, moist or wet places, <strong>of</strong>ten on peaty soil.<br />
Shores <strong>of</strong> lakes <strong>and</strong> streams, fens <strong>and</strong> temporarily wet depressions. Rhizomatous,<br />
herbaceous perennial, creeping or floating. Leaves glabrous, peltate, almost<br />
orbicular, coarsely crenate. Inflorescences 1–2 at each node, each consisting <strong>of</strong><br />
3–6 flowers; sepals absent. Flowers dark to light violet or almost white, usually<br />
with orange gl<strong>and</strong>s on the outside. Fruit elliptic, green, covered with brownish<br />
gl<strong>and</strong>s. Formerly included in Apiaceae, or sometimes separated in the family<br />
Hydrocotylaceae, but now transferred to Araliaceae, based on results from molecular<br />
studies.<br />
The therapeutic properties are unknown, sometimes confused with those <strong>of</strong><br />
the closely related Centella [previously Hydrocotyle] asiatica <strong>of</strong> the Apiaceae.<br />
� No symptoms in MM.<br />
OPLOPANAX HORRIDUS<br />
Scientific name Oplopanax horridus (Sm.) Miq.<br />
Synonyms Echinopanax horridus (Sm.) Decne. & Planch.<br />
Fatsia horrida (Sm.) Benth. & Hook.<br />
Panax horridum Sm.<br />
Common names Devil’s club. Devil’s walking stick.<br />
Family Araliaceae – order Apiales.<br />
Homeopathy Oplopanax horridus – Oplo-h.<br />
Botanical Features<br />
� Deciduous shrub, 1–6 m high, heavily armed with yellowish, needle-like, brittle<br />
spines up to 2 cm long.<br />
� Native range: Western North America.<br />
� Habitat: Moist woods, near streams; most abundant in old growth conifer<br />
forests.<br />
� Leaves spirally arranged, simple, maple-shaped palmately lobed with 5–13<br />
lobes, 20–40 cm across.<br />
� Flowers small, whitish, in dense, upright, conical-shaped, terminal clusters to<br />
18 cm long.<br />
� Fruit a shiny, flattened, bright red, berry-like drupe in upright, terminal<br />
clusters, inedible.<br />
� Entire <strong>plant</strong> has been described as having a ‘primordial’ appearance.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
510 Family ARALIACEAE
Medicinal Uses<br />
‘Devil’s club is probably the most important spiritual <strong>and</strong> medicinal <strong>plant</strong> to most<br />
indigenous peoples who live within its range. Different parts <strong>of</strong> this <strong>plant</strong> are<br />
used by over 38 linguistic <strong>groups</strong> for over 34 categories <strong>of</strong> physical ailment, as<br />
well as many spiritual applications. . . . Phytochemical research has revealed that<br />
this <strong>plant</strong> has antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial <strong>and</strong> anti-mycobacterial properties,<br />
<strong>and</strong> these are undoubtedly related to its widespread use in traditional<br />
medicine.<br />
‘. . . Among all <strong>of</strong> the traditional medicinal uses <strong>of</strong> devil’s club, its most widespread<br />
is for the treatment <strong>of</strong> external <strong>and</strong> internal infections, including tuberculosis.<br />
The efficacy <strong>of</strong> many <strong>of</strong> the treatments is undoubtedly related to devil’s<br />
club’s significant antibacterial, anti-mycobacterial being active against bacteria in<br />
the genus Mycobacterium, antifungal <strong>and</strong> antiviral properties. Devil’s club is also<br />
commonly used by many cultural <strong>groups</strong> to treat arthritis, rheumatism, respiratory<br />
ailments <strong>and</strong> as an emetic <strong>and</strong> purgative. It is also used as an aid in childbirth,<br />
post-partum, for internal haemorrhaging, as an analgesic, to treat stomach<br />
<strong>and</strong> digestive tract ailments, broken bones, fever, d<strong>and</strong>ruff, lice, headaches <strong>and</strong><br />
as a treatment for cancer. Several parts <strong>of</strong> the shrub, including inner bark, inner<br />
bark ash, whole stems, roots, berries <strong>and</strong> leaves, are used in a variety <strong>of</strong> ways to<br />
effect these treatments. However, the most common type <strong>of</strong> preparation is as an<br />
infusion or decoction <strong>of</strong> the stem inner bark.<br />
‘. . . Western herbalists report that the roots <strong>of</strong> devil’s club <strong>and</strong> to a lesser extent<br />
the inner stem bark are a strong respiratory stimulant <strong>and</strong> expectorant <strong>and</strong><br />
recommend their use for rheumatoid arthritis <strong>and</strong> other autoimmune conditions,<br />
as well as to treat eczema, sores <strong>and</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> internal <strong>and</strong> external infections.<br />
Devil’s club is also commonly recommended for the treatment <strong>of</strong> type II adult<br />
onset diabetes, a use <strong>of</strong> devil’s club that is also extensive in indigenous communities.<br />
. . . Since devil’s club is still widely <strong>and</strong> increasingly, used as a treatment for<br />
late onset type II diabetes <strong>and</strong> is listed in a recent review <strong>of</strong> anti-diabetic <strong>plant</strong>s,<br />
additional research <strong>and</strong> more rigorous clinical trials are required to validate <strong>and</strong><br />
characterise or to disprove hypoglycaemic properties in devil’s club.’ [Lantz 2004]<br />
Spiritual Uses<br />
‘In addition to ethnographic accounts <strong>of</strong> medicinal uses, there are also numerous<br />
sources that describe spiritual applications <strong>of</strong> devil’s club. These include purification<br />
<strong>and</strong> cleansing; protection against supernatural entities, epidemics <strong>and</strong> evil<br />
influences; acquisition <strong>of</strong> luck; to combat witchcraft; as ceremonial <strong>and</strong> protective<br />
face paint; <strong>and</strong> in rituals by shamans <strong>and</strong> others to attain supernatural<br />
powers.<br />
‘Two <strong>of</strong> the most widespread spiritual uses are bathing with a devil’s club inner<br />
bark solution for personal protection <strong>and</strong> purification, <strong>and</strong> its use, particularly<br />
the spiny or de-spined aerial stems, as an amulet for protection against a variety<br />
<strong>of</strong> external influences. External <strong>and</strong> internal cleansing involving the use <strong>of</strong> devil’s<br />
club was, <strong>and</strong> is, <strong>of</strong> paramount importance to many <strong>of</strong> the cultural <strong>groups</strong><br />
throughout devil’s club’s range. The inner stem bark <strong>of</strong> devil’s club has also <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
been used in solution to wash down fishing boats, fishnets <strong>and</strong> to purify a house<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 511
after an illness or death, <strong>and</strong>, as charcoal, to prepare protective face paint for<br />
ceremonial dancers. John Thomas explained that amongst the Ditidaht, <strong>and</strong><br />
many other neighbouring <strong>groups</strong>, devil’s club is considered sacred <strong>and</strong> “along<br />
with red ochre paint is considered to be a link between the ordinary, or pr<strong>of</strong>ane<br />
world, <strong>and</strong> the supernatural, or spirit world.” ’ [Lantz 2004]<br />
MATERIA MEDICA OPLOPANAX HORRIDUS Oplo-h.<br />
Sources<br />
1 Proving Lucy De Pieri [Canada], 9 provers [8 females, 1 male; 2 placebo], 30c;<br />
2007.<br />
Mind<br />
� Positiveness. A total <strong>of</strong> 7 out <strong>of</strong> 9 provers experienced an increased sense <strong>of</strong><br />
confidence, calmness, <strong>of</strong> being able to easily work throw situations that in the<br />
past would cause anxiety <strong>and</strong> irritability. Provers also reported an increased<br />
feeling <strong>of</strong> wellbeing, <strong>and</strong> being able to relax easily <strong>and</strong> relax others.<br />
� Delusions: Body is weightless; being a fish, having fish eyes; lost in the wood;<br />
belonging to the opposite sex; stabbed in the back; carrying a heavy weight;<br />
being in a different world.<br />
� Wanting to give up responsibilities [2 pr.].<br />
� Will-power strong or sensation <strong>of</strong> having two wills [2 pr.].<br />
� Dreams: Danger, being unprotected, being vulnerable; danger to others; flood,<br />
large areas <strong>of</strong> water.<br />
Generals<br />
� Desire for asparagus; cold beer; white bread; butter; c<strong>of</strong>fee [2 pr.]; garlic; honey;<br />
raw mushrooms; prawns; salami; sweets [3 pr.].<br />
� Sexual desire increased in menopausal <strong>and</strong> post-menopausal women [3 pr.];<br />
orgasm reached easier.<br />
Sensations<br />
� Brain as if loose, < motion.<br />
� Dust in eyes.<br />
� Hot steam out <strong>of</strong> ears.<br />
� Lips as if chapped, dry [while not].<br />
� Tongue underneath numb, as if burned.<br />
� Throat as if empty.<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
� Bladder as if distended.<br />
� Hips <strong>and</strong> thighs unbending as if steel rods.<br />
� Coldness in bones.<br />
Locals<br />
� Vertigo & redness eyes, involuntary closing <strong>of</strong> eyes, > cold application; &<br />
hunger; & sensation <strong>of</strong> heat in nape <strong>of</strong> neck, > cold washing.<br />
512 Family ARALIACEAE
� Vertigo in room, > open air; & nausea, < indoors, in car, > open air.<br />
� Headache above eyebrows, < heat, smell <strong>of</strong> food, walking, > cold, dry applications,<br />
lying down, pressure; & desire to pull hair from back <strong>of</strong> head.<br />
� Dull pain occiput, extending to forehead, > alcohol, sleep.<br />
� Congestion nose on waking [3 pr.].<br />
� Throat sensitive, < cold air, cold drinks, dryness, smoke, swallowing, touch.<br />
� Bursting pain stomach < walking, > lying down.<br />
� Constipation, stool remains long in rectum without urging.<br />
� Pain knees, stitching on first movement, < cold, > lying down, covering.<br />
Impression<br />
‘Dullness was a common sensation that the provers experienced, so it is not<br />
surprising that there was a need for stimulants. Provers had craving for beer <strong>and</strong><br />
c<strong>of</strong>fee even if they didn’t usually drink c<strong>of</strong>fee, or had aversion for c<strong>of</strong>fee prior to<br />
the proving. Depleted, drained together with vertigo or being light-headed was<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten experienced before breakfast or a meal. Note the language <strong>of</strong> water by using<br />
the term “drained”. The sensations were resolved with eating. Other sensations<br />
were pinching, pulsating, cramping, like a pin prick, sore, stinging, dryness or<br />
dust in eyes, brain loose <strong>and</strong> moving back <strong>and</strong> forth, bitterness, tingling, as if<br />
burned, numbness, something stuck, rawness, tickling <strong>and</strong> chilly.’ [Lucy De Pieri]<br />
© Saltire Books Ltd<br />
Family ARALIACEAE 513