Mechanisms of aluminium neurotoxicity in oxidative stress-induced ...

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REFERENCES Whitehead M. W., Farrar G., Christie G. L., Blair J. A., Thompson R. P. and Powell J. J. (1997) 246 Mechanisms of aluminum absorption in rats. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65, 1446–1452. Whitton P. S. (2007) Inflammation as a causative factor in the aetiology of Parkinson's disease. Br. J. Pharmacol. 150, 963–976. Wilhelm M., Jäger D. E. and Ohnesorge F. K. (1990) Aluminium toxicokinetics. Pharmacol Toxicol. 66, 4-9. Wilms H., Rosenstiel P., Sievers J., Deuschl G., Zecca L. and Lucius R. (2003) Activation of microglia by human neuromelanin is NF-kappaB dependent and involves p38 mitogen- activated protein kinase: implications for Parkinson’s disease. FASEB J. 17, 500– 502. Winogrodzka A., Bergmans P., Booij J., van Royen E. A., Janssen A. G., Wolters E. C. (2001) [123I]FP-CIT SPECT is a useful method to monitor the rate of dopaminergic degeneration in early-stage Parkinson’s disease. J. Neural. Transm. 108, 1011–1019. Wood-Kaczmar A., Gandhi S. and Wood N. W. (2006) Understanding the molecular causes of Parkinson’s disease. Trends Mol. Med. 12, 521–528. Wood-Kaczmar A., Gandhi S., Yao Z., Abramov A. S., Miljan E. A., Keen G., Stanyer L., Hargreaves I., Klupsch K., Deas E., Downward J., Mansfield L., Jat P., Taylor J., Heales S., Duchen M. R., Latchman D., Tabrizi S. J. and Wood N. W. (2008) PINK1 is necessary for long term survival and mitochondrial function in human dopaminergic neurons. PLoS ONE 3, e2455. World Health Organization (WHO) (1997) Aluminium. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety (Environmental Health Criteria 194). Xiong H., Wang D., Chen L., Choo Y. S., Ma H., Tang C., Xia K., Jiang W., Ronai Z., Zhuang X. and Zhang Z. (2009) Parkin, PINK1, and DJ-1 form a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex promoting unfolded protein degradation. J. Clin. Invest. 119, 650–660. Yamaguchi H. and Shen J. (2007) Absence of dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and oxidative damage in aged DJ-1-deficient mice. Mol. Neurodegener. 2, 10.
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Universidade de Santiago de Compost
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Don Ramón Soto Otero y Doña Estef
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Acknowledgements The work of this t
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Abbreviations AA ascorbic acid AD A
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Abbreviations (continuation) PCC pr
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List of figures (continuation) Chap
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....
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CHAPTER 3 Brain oxidative stress an
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INTRODUCTION PARKINSON’S DISEASE
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INTRODUCTION PD is found in all eth
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Bradykinesia INTRODUCTION Bradykine
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INTRODUCTION predate the occurrence
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Table 1: Differential diagnostic in
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INTRODUCTION Table 3: National Inst
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Figure 4: Dopamine catabolism (Mén
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The basal ganglia INTRODUCTION The
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The death of SNpc DAergic neurons I
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INTRODUCTION the dorsomedial part o
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INTRODUCTION characterized as are l
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INTRODUCTION (Olanow et al. 2004).
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Etiology and pathogenesis of PD INT
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Ageing INTRODUCTION Ageing remains
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INTRODUCTION The finding of MPTP to
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INTRODUCTION may clarify why many n
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Misfolding and aggregation of prote
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INTRODUCTION (E3) (Figure 18A). Los
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INTRODUCTION in connection with Par
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INTRODUCTION Oxidative damage happe
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DA metabolism as a source of ROS IN
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Contribution of oxidative and nitro
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Excitotoxicity INTRODUCTION Glutama
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INTRODUCTION al. 1996, Cicchetti et
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Experimental models of PD INTRODUCT
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INTRODUCTION induce selective DAerg
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ALUMINIUM General features INTRODUC
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INTRODUCTION Varying amounts of alu
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INTRODUCTION and antiperspirants co
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INTRODUCTION approximately 3% of al
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Excretion INTRODUCTION As insoluble
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INTRODUCTION 3.5 mg may be increase
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INTRODUCTION Oteiza 1999), non-iron
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Aluminium as a cell membrane menace
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INTRODUCTION mobilization of Ca 2+
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Aluminium impairs neurotransmission
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AIMS OF THE PRESENT THESIS The main
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OBJETIVOS
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OBJETIVOS 3) Evaluar de forma preci
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CHAPTER 1 Time-course of brain oxid
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 86 6-OHDA (2
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CHAPTER 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS Che
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CHAPTER 1 followed by centrifugatio
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CHAPTER 1 RESULTS Effects of 6-OHDA
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CHAPTER 1 DISCUSSION 94 As shown by
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CHAPTER 1 strategies or to study th
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CHAPTER 1 Fig. 2 Changes in PCC in
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CHAPTER 2
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ABSTRACT CHAPTER 2 In the present w
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals CHA
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CHAPTER 2 atomization used were 1,5
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DISCUSSION CHAPTER 2 Aluminium ente
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Table 1. Graphite furnace programme
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CHAPTER 3 Brain oxidative stress an
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CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION 120 The huma
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CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS Che
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CHAPTER 3 1:15 for hippocampus and
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CHAPTER 3 initially incorporated to
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS In vivo effects o
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CHAPTER 3 Effects of aluminium admi
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CHAPTER 3 DISCUSSION 132 Aluminium
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CHAPTER 3 hippocampus, showed simil
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CHAPTER 3 assume that the distinct
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CHAPTER 3 Fig. 1 Levels of TBARS (A
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CHAPTER 3 Fig. 2 Enzyme activity of
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CHAPTER 3 Fig. 3 Microphotographs s
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CHAPTER 3 Fig. 5 Levels of TBARS (A
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CHAPTER 3 Fig. 6 In vitro effects o
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SUMMARY
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SUMMARY values were attained at 48
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SUMMARY neurodegeneration in the DA
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CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in
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13) Aluminium does affect neither M
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RESUMEN RESUMEN Desde el punto de v
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RESUMEN zonas cerebrales excepto en
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CONCLUSIONES
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CONCLUSIONES Capítulo 2 4) La admi
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CONCLUSIONES 172 En base a las conc
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Publications as a direct result fro
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REFERENCES
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REFERENCES Agil A., Duran R., Barre
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REFERENCES Baquet Z. C., Bickford P
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REFERENCES 184 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropy
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REFERENCES 186 compacta of the subs
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