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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan - Enhanced Integrated Framework ...

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Figure 3.2. Regional poverty comparisonsSeasonality and povertyPoverty levels in <strong>Afghanistan</strong> vary by season.This further compounds the understanding <strong>of</strong>poverty in <strong>Afghanistan</strong>. The Food SecurityMonitoring Survey (FSMS) suggests thathouseholds tend to have the richest consumptionin summer following the harvest, withmore restricted food consumption during winter,especially in March. 15Box 3.3. Seasonality and povertyDuring spring we plant, in winter weharvest so in autumn and winter we haveenough food. At the end <strong>of</strong> winter and thebeginning <strong>of</strong> spring we do not haveenough.” Female participant, Shawakvillage, Badakhshan.VulnerabilitySource: APPPA final report, march 2008The 2005 NRVA highlighted that 20 percent <strong>of</strong>the population are located very close to thepoverty line, indicating high vulnerability.Even small consumption shocks can result insubstantially higher rates <strong>of</strong> poverty. For instance,a 5 percent reduction in consumptionacross the board will cause the poverty headcountrate to rise from 33 to 38 percent. Accordingto the 2005 NRVA, a 25 percent upwardshift in the poverty line would result in53 percent <strong>of</strong> the population living in poverty.Meanwhile, a 25 percent downward shift in thepoverty lines would reduce the poverty rate to14 percent. Table 3.4 highlights the potentialimpact <strong>of</strong> consumption shocks on poverty incidence.Table 3.4. Impact <strong>of</strong> consumption on povertyrate 16SectorBase case(% poverty)5% shock(% poverty)10% shock(% poverty)Kuchi 30 33 38Rural 36 40 45Urban 21 25 29Total 33 38 42POVERTY IN AFGHANISTAN:MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OFINEQUALITY<strong>Afghanistan</strong> has the lowest level <strong>of</strong> inequalityin South Asia as measured by the Gini coefficient.This however is largely due to the widespreadnature <strong>of</strong> poverty across the country.However, within <strong>Afghanistan</strong>, significant inequalitydoes exist between many segments <strong>of</strong>Afghan society. The variation in poverty betweenthe rural, Kuchi and urban populationsis significant and <strong>of</strong> great importance. Meanwhile,gender inequality is one <strong>of</strong> the highest inthe world.15 Source: Understanding Poverty in <strong>Afghanistan</strong>, Analysis andrecommendations using National Risk & Vulnerability Assessment(NRVA) 2005 and Spring 2007, WB, October 30, 2007.16 Source: NRVA, 2005, WB Staff EstimationThe Poverty Pr<strong>of</strong>ile 29

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