Islamic Republic of Afghanistan - Enhanced Integrated Framework ...
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan - Enhanced Integrated Framework ... Islamic Republic of Afghanistan - Enhanced Integrated Framework ...
season being covered. To overcome this, aseparate survey conducted in spring 2007.Ongoing data collection includes the planned2007/08 NRVA survey (predominantly fundedby the EC). This study will cover all seasonsand the consumption module includes assessmentof more food items and non-food items.Moreover, stronger emphasis has been placedon survey design and the collection and computationof high quality of data.Sub-national Consultation and the PilotParticipatory Poverty AssessmentThe ANDS sub-national consultation processhas contributed to a far deeper understandingof the specific nature of poverty in the Afghancontext. Consultations were held in all provinces,with discussions on critical priorities forpoverty reduction, such as education, health,water and sanitation, agriculture and socialprotection. A significant number of women (46percent) took active part in these discussions. 14food and non-food items. Adding the food andnon-food poverty lines the poverty analysisbased on NRVA 2005 yielded a CBN povertyline for Afghanistan estimated to be 593 Afghaniper capita per month or around US$14(at 2005 prices). However, the 2007 surveyprovides an updated CBN poverty line of 708Afghani per capita per month (again aroundUS$14 at the 2007 exchange rate).POVERTY ESTIMATESHowever, the latest NRVA survey (Spring2007) indicates that 42 percent of the populationlives below the CBN poverty line (figure3.2). That is, almost half of the Afghan populationis unable to purchase a basic food basket toprovide 2,100 calories consumption per day.Box 3.1. Voices of the poor“The poor are being the ones with an emptystomach”, or “the poor are being the oneswho do not have enough milk to makeyogurt”. Furthermore, Afghan citizens statespoverty ‘as being an incapacity to plan thefuture’ with the ‘poor being unable toforesee what will happen tomorrow”. Oneman in Bamiyan province defined povertyby saying: “the poor are the ones who can besick today and be dead the next day”.Interviews by: MoWA, 2007Poverty measurement: cost of basicneeds analysisThe Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) poverty linerepresents the level of per capita expenditure atwhich the members of a household can be expectedto meet their basic needs comprised of14 ‘A nomad woman from Balkh province stated that this was thefirst time she had attended the meeting on behalf of nomadwomen of this province in order to present her opinions for thewelfare and prosperity of the country. “We would be glad if thegovernment continues to pursue such policy. Nomads like anyother people in the society would also benefit from this process”.Farida Kochi, representative of Balkh‘ Source: ANDS SubnationalConsultation, 200728Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS)
Figure 3.2. Regional poverty comparisonsSeasonality and povertyPoverty levels in Afghanistan vary by season.This further compounds the understanding ofpoverty in Afghanistan. The Food SecurityMonitoring Survey (FSMS) suggests thathouseholds tend to have the richest consumptionin summer following the harvest, withmore restricted food consumption during winter,especially in March. 15Box 3.3. Seasonality and povertyDuring spring we plant, in winter weharvest so in autumn and winter we haveenough food. At the end of winter and thebeginning of spring we do not haveenough.” Female participant, Shawakvillage, Badakhshan.VulnerabilitySource: APPPA final report, march 2008The 2005 NRVA highlighted that 20 percent ofthe population are located very close to thepoverty line, indicating high vulnerability.Even small consumption shocks can result insubstantially higher rates of poverty. For instance,a 5 percent reduction in consumptionacross the board will cause the poverty headcountrate to rise from 33 to 38 percent. Accordingto the 2005 NRVA, a 25 percent upwardshift in the poverty line would result in53 percent of the population living in poverty.Meanwhile, a 25 percent downward shift in thepoverty lines would reduce the poverty rate to14 percent. Table 3.4 highlights the potentialimpact of consumption shocks on poverty incidence.Table 3.4. Impact of consumption on povertyrate 16SectorBase case(% poverty)5% shock(% poverty)10% shock(% poverty)Kuchi 30 33 38Rural 36 40 45Urban 21 25 29Total 33 38 42POVERTY IN AFGHANISTAN:MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OFINEQUALITYAfghanistan has the lowest level of inequalityin South Asia as measured by the Gini coefficient.This however is largely due to the widespreadnature of poverty across the country.However, within Afghanistan, significant inequalitydoes exist between many segments ofAfghan society. The variation in poverty betweenthe rural, Kuchi and urban populationsis significant and of great importance. Meanwhile,gender inequality is one of the highest inthe world.15 Source: Understanding Poverty in Afghanistan, Analysis andrecommendations using National Risk & Vulnerability Assessment(NRVA) 2005 and Spring 2007, WB, October 30, 2007.16 Source: NRVA, 2005, WB Staff EstimationThe Poverty Profile 29
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season being covered. To overcome this, aseparate survey conducted in spring 2007.Ongoing data collection includes the planned2007/08 NRVA survey (predominantly fundedby the EC). This study will cover all seasonsand the consumption module includes assessment<strong>of</strong> more food items and non-food items.Moreover, stronger emphasis has been placedon survey design and the collection and computation<strong>of</strong> high quality <strong>of</strong> data.Sub-national Consultation and the PilotParticipatory Poverty AssessmentThe ANDS sub-national consultation processhas contributed to a far deeper understanding<strong>of</strong> the specific nature <strong>of</strong> poverty in the Afghancontext. Consultations were held in all provinces,with discussions on critical priorities forpoverty reduction, such as education, health,water and sanitation, agriculture and socialprotection. A significant number <strong>of</strong> women (46percent) took active part in these discussions. 14food and non-food items. Adding the food andnon-food poverty lines the poverty analysisbased on NRVA 2005 yielded a CBN povertyline for <strong>Afghanistan</strong> estimated to be 593 Afghaniper capita per month or around US$14(at 2005 prices). However, the 2007 surveyprovides an updated CBN poverty line <strong>of</strong> 708Afghani per capita per month (again aroundUS$14 at the 2007 exchange rate).POVERTY ESTIMATESHowever, the latest NRVA survey (Spring2007) indicates that 42 percent <strong>of</strong> the populationlives below the CBN poverty line (figure3.2). That is, almost half <strong>of</strong> the Afghan populationis unable to purchase a basic food basket toprovide 2,100 calories consumption per day.Box 3.1. Voices <strong>of</strong> the poor“The poor are being the ones with an emptystomach”, or “the poor are being the oneswho do not have enough milk to makeyogurt”. Furthermore, Afghan citizens statespoverty ‘as being an incapacity to plan thefuture’ with the ‘poor being unable t<strong>of</strong>oresee what will happen tomorrow”. Oneman in Bamiyan province defined povertyby saying: “the poor are the ones who can besick today and be dead the next day”.Interviews by: MoWA, 2007Poverty measurement: cost <strong>of</strong> basicneeds analysisThe Cost <strong>of</strong> Basic Needs (CBN) poverty linerepresents the level <strong>of</strong> per capita expenditure atwhich the members <strong>of</strong> a household can be expectedto meet their basic needs comprised <strong>of</strong>14 ‘A nomad woman from Balkh province stated that this was thefirst time she had attended the meeting on behalf <strong>of</strong> nomadwomen <strong>of</strong> this province in order to present her opinions for thewelfare and prosperity <strong>of</strong> the country. “We would be glad if thegovernment continues to pursue such policy. Nomads like anyother people in the society would also benefit from this process”.Farida Kochi, representative <strong>of</strong> Balkh‘ Source: ANDS SubnationalConsultation, 200728<strong>Afghanistan</strong> National Development Strategy (ANDS)
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