Islamic Republic of Afghanistan - Enhanced Integrated Framework ...

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dents (31 percent) have benefited from investmentsin water supply and 12 percentfrom investment in sanitation in major citiesbetween 2002 and 2007. About 35,000water points 59 networks and 1,713 waterreservoirs and 23,884 demonstration latrineshave been constructed. More thanthree million people have benefited directlyfrom the rural water supply andsanitation activities in the country. Arounda third of the provinces reported some improvementin access to clean drinking watersince 2005 during the consultative processunder the ANDS.• Irrigation Rehabilitation has been givenhigh priority over the past four or fiveyears. An estimated 1.8 million hectares ofland is under irrigation; 10 percent gets waterfrom engineered systems and largeworks, the remaining through traditionalirrigation methods. Of some 2,100 rehabilitationprojects, approximately 1,200 havebeen completed and have been placed backinto commercial service. The Governmentwill continue to work with the mirabs thatmanage these systems. 47Despite some progress in establishing bettergovernance in the sector and in rehabilitatingexisting assets, a lot more needs to be done.Prior to 1979, some 3.3 million hectares werecultivated under various irrigation methods,compared to the 1.8 million hectares now beingirrigated. The remaining amount employs traditionalirrigation methods. Out of 7.9 millionhectares arable land, 5.3 million hectares is irrigable.Irrigation water management is a highpriority of the Government.There is a lack of skilled human resources withexperience in water management. Informationsystems are only now being reconstituted andthere is a lack of reliable hydrological, meteorological,geo-technical and water quality data.There is a lack of the infrastructure and equipmentneeded to efficiently conserve and utilizewater resources that result from seasonal runoffwith the snow melt. There is limited data47 The mirabs are community level organizations that managetraditional irrigation systems. A similar effort has been madeunder the National Solidarity Program to establish CommunityDevelopment Councils with a broader mandate for local funding.These organizations have different mandates, representativelyand are based on a totally different geographical unit.on ground water resources and informationindicating that un-regulated deep well drillingmay be depleting aquifers that are essential towater supplies and traditional irrigation systems(Karezes and springs). There is a lack ofeconomic mechanisms regulating water useand investments for water supply, sanitary systems,irrigation, and hydropower generation.Unclear delineation of responsibilities betweenministries complicates planning. Some donorsare focused on emergency projects that are notintegrated into an integrated system of wateruse. Access to drinking water and sanitation,while improved, is still not in compliance withthe Millennium Development Goals. There is alack of hydro geological investment in urbanareas. A significant risk exists for undergroundwater contamination. A major river basin watersupply master plan with good informationon water balances, that is, supply versus demandfor water for drinking, irrigation, hydropower and environment purposes is not yetavailable. There is a pressing need to enhancethe ground water resource recharge capacity.Coordination among water related institutionsand agencies remains weak.This sector strategy incorporates feedback andcomments from the sub-national consultations.The projects identified and prioritized duringthe SNC process are included in the Water SectorStrategy. Access to clean drinking waterhas been identified as a priority in the ProvincialDevelopment Plan in all provinces. Participantsgenerally voiced concern that unsafedrinking water is a cause of disease, and theprovision of safe drinking water is thereforeseen to be as much a public health issue as anissue of infrastructure, rural and urban development.In over a quarter of PDPs, the needfor access to clean drinking water is specificallyraised by women who often have the responsibilityof collecting water for the household.However, this issue is not confined to the domesticcontext and the PDPs of six provinceshighlight the need for access to safe drinkingwater in public institutions such as schools.Around a third of the provinces spread acrossthe country report some improvement in accessto clean drinking water since 2005.Policy framework: sector strategyFor the immediate future, the Government centrallywill play the dominant role in setting pol-84Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS)
icy priorities and decisions pertaining to developmentand management of water resources atthe national level. The Government, actingthrough its operating entities, can influence thenecessary international cooperation relating toseveral international water bodies. This extendsto coverage provided by policy frameworks,appropriate legislation, and institutionalstructures under which water managementcan over time be devolved to the riverbasin and/or river sub-basin levels. Groundwateron the other hand seldom has aquiferboundaries coinciding with river basins. Managementof groundwater aquifers may necessitatecollaboration with special inter-basin entitiesestablished for that purpose. (For additionaldetails refer to ANDS Volume II).Towards an Integrated Water ResourceManagement System (IWRM)The water sector is extremely diverse. The responsibilitiesfor supply management and useof water are distributed among a number ofline ministries. The sector’s governancemechanisms (organizational structure, policiesand legislation) are in the process of reformulationand implementation. Adoption and implementationof an effective IWRM programwill take into consideration all activities anddevelopment requirements influencing waterresources. This will include sociological andecological considerations, in addition to watersupply, irrigation, hydroelectric power, sanitation,land use, fisheries, and forestry. The programwill prioritize a series of specific activitiesrequired to effectively implement IWRM policyframework.The river basin approach to water managementwill lead to improvements in capturing surfacewater using storage reservoir and recharge basins.By devolving authority to the RBA andthus encouraging more effective use of waterresources, the water resource strategy (whenintegrated with programs in the transport, agriculture,health, education, power sectors,along with counter narcotics programs, privatesector development programs) will contributeto sustainable development and poverty reduction.Key Components of the Water SectorStrategyWhile an IWRM approach has major benefits,supplementary comprehensive river basin datamanagement programs are needed to supportthis approach. It is important to improvemechanisms regulating water use and to attractinvestment to rehabilitate and construct irrigation,water supply and sanitary systems, aswell as hydropower generation. Essential legislationand a new policy framework governingthe water sector have been prepared. The sectoris in the process of transitioning from a project-by-projectapproach to a sector-wide approach,using an integrated water resourcesmanagement (IWRM) system. Improved governancemechanisms were identified and arebeing implemented. Foremost among themwas the formation of the Supreme Council forWater Affairs’ Management (SCWAM), and itsassociated Technical Secretariat.Until the IWRM comes into effect, considerablereliance will have to be put on a project-byprojectapproach for continued investments inrehabilitation of existing systems. New projectsneed to be assessed relative to the returnsfrom rehabilitation efforts and returns in othersectorsResponsibilities for a number of water relatedactivities are distributed among a number ofline ministries and agencies. Each of these entitieshave prepared sector specific strategies focusingon their particular sector mandate, oftenunderemphasizing water related programsand/or activities. Development of a water sectorstrategy therefore requires coordinating allrelevant water sub-sector strategies being administeredby individual government entitiesinto one single unified water sector strategydocument. The following sub-sectors havebeen included in this unification: (i) urban andrural water supply and sanitation; (ii) irrigationand drainage; (iii) hydro power; (iv) industrialwater supply and wastewater disposal; (v)flood protection and preparedness; (vi)drought mitigation measures; and (vii) environmentalrequirements, including forestry,fisheries, and bio-diversity. Facilitating relateddevelopment of each of these sub-sectors willrequire institution building, enhancement oflegal frameworks, capacity development,enlisting economic mechanisms, and intensiverehabilitation of infrastructure.Economical and Social Development 85
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In the name of Allah, the most Merc
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Executive SummaryI. INTRODUCTIONAfg
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Executive Summarydeveloping capacit
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2. The Afghan National Police (ANP)
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Afghanistan National Development St
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Afghanistan National Development St
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Executive SummaryWater Resources Ma
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Executive Summarystrengthen the ref
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Executive Summaryfor Capacity Devel
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Executive SummaryOver the past five
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Executive SummaryA key priority of
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Executive SummarySustaining the nas
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Islamic Republic of AfghanistanAfgh
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Map of AfghanistaniiiAfghanistan Na
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Map of Afghanistan ................
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Current situation: assessment of ai
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ACACBARADBADCAfCERTAFMISAGOAIHRCAIS
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Glossary of Afghan TermsAmu DaryaBa
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percent of the seats in the Nationa
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capacity limitations throughout the
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dress the security, governance, and
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PART IPROCESS, GOALSAND POLICYDIREC
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of the country’s 34 provinces are
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pertise, ability to manage risk and
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A Transport Sector Inter-Ministeria
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sion of service coverage and monito
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The regional cooperation initiative
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CHAPTER 2THE PARTICIPATORY PROCESS
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Figure 2.2. ANDS timeline 1385 - 13
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tation of projects. The PDPs develo
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Figure 2.3. Proportional representa
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• In the North East and Central H
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season being covered. To overcome t
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Consumption DisparityConsumption in
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correlated with higher involvement
Page 92 and 93: • Improving donor coordination an
Page 94 and 95: sickness or loss of a working famil
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER 4MACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORKHig
Page 99 and 100: age points - from 42 percent of the
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4.4. Size of foreign assista
Page 103 and 104: ooooIncrease interdiction efforts a
Page 105 and 106: Consistent with the growth strategy
Page 107 and 108: policy, it will remain vigilant aga
Page 109: In the short term, the Government w
Page 112 and 113: groups and neutralizing armed eleme
Page 114 and 115: threats are deterred, contained or
Page 116 and 117: Significant steps have been taken s
Page 118 and 119: Table 5.1. Integration of the Cross
Page 120 and 121: Current Situation in the SectorAfgh
Page 122 and 123: Justice system between government a
Page 124 and 125: Table 6.2. Key Objectives of the Na
Page 126 and 127: Current Situation in the SectorAchi
Page 128 and 129: Table 6.1. Cross cutting issues in
Page 131 and 132: CHAPTER 7ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELO
Page 133 and 134: commitments to increase the goods a
Page 135 and 136: investment opportunities cannot be
Page 137 and 138: Despite progress and efforts to dat
Page 139 and 140: tor regulator, which will adopt a t
Page 141: percent of households in Kabul and
Page 145 and 146: at the same time rehabilitating and
Page 147 and 148: Further, the unstable security situ
Page 149 and 150: ilitation that will provide all wea
Page 151 and 152: • Increased Agricultural Producti
Page 153 and 154: the poverty reduction goals. Carefu
Page 155 and 156: separate policies - one for basic t
Page 157 and 158: tions designed to promote Governmen
Page 159 and 160: • Urban Development: By the end o
Page 161 and 162: financing or co-production with use
Page 163 and 164: • Strengthened municipal capacity
Page 165 and 166: This Sector Strategy incorporates f
Page 167 and 168: high baseline level of 165 infant d
Page 169 and 170: temporary or permanent disabilities
Page 171 and 172: • the proposals that are consider
Page 173 and 174: In Higher Education, universities h
Page 175 and 176: the primary level. In rural areas,
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Page 181 and 182: covery, and peaceful development of
Page 183 and 184: • By end-2012/13 the Government w
Page 185 and 186: to re-forest Afghanistan (i.e., “
Page 187 and 188: policy making. However, lack of the
Page 189 and 190: countries through policy negotiatio
Page 191 and 192: Provide housing, facilities and soc
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Table 13.0.1. Cross Cutting Issues
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SectorAnti-CorruptionGendering fina
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SectorAnti-CorruptionGenderCounter-
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SectorSocialProtectionAnti‐Corrup
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CHAPTER 8CROSS-CUTTING ISSUESThe AN
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COUNTER NARCOTICSBackground and con
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inforcing the integrity of public a
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activities on gender. The Governmen
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Resources and Environment. The orga
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PART IIIAID EFFECTIVENESSANDCOORDIN
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children have enrolled in primary a
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crease donor support for preventive
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Increasing the volume and concessio
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tation of the PRGF. Moreover, the s
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CHAPTER 10IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORKT
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lation and execution capacities to
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By committing themselves to funding
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ROLE OF THE MTFFThe three year Medi
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Consultative Groups (CGs) will cont
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CHAPTER 11MONITORING FRAMEWORKThe A
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(for ISAF), Afghanistan Information
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Figure 11.2. ANDS Poverty Monitorin
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Table 13.1. Monitoring and Evaluati
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ANDS Monitoring and Evaluation Indi
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CHAPTER 12CONCLUSIONWhile significa
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larger and more efficient private s
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APPENDICES
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PILLAR : SECURITYSECTOR : SECURITYE
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PILLAR : GOOD GOVERNANCESECTOR : GO
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PILLAR : GOOD GOVERNANCESECTOR : GO
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PILLAR : GOOD GOVERNANCESECTOR : JU
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PILLAR : ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE AND PR
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PILLAR : INFRASTRUCTURESECTOR : ENE
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PILLAR : INFRASTRUCTURESECTOR : ENE
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PILLAR : INFRASTRUCTURESECTOR : TRA
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PILLAR : INFRASTRUCTURESECTOR : URB
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PILLAR : INFRASTRUCTURESECTOR : MIN
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PILLAR : INFRASTRUCTURESECTOR : WAT
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PILLAR : INFRASTRUCTURESECTOR : INF
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PILLAR : EDUCATION AND CULTURESECTO
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PILLAR : AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVE
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PILLAR: SOCIAL PROTECTION & REFUGEE
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APPENDIX IIMonitoring MatrixPILLAR:
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PILLAR: GOVERNANCE, RULE OF LAW AND
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PILLAR: GOVERNANCE, RULE OF LAW AND
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PILLAR: INFRASTRUCTURESECTOR: TRANS
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PILLAR: INFRASTRUCTURESECTOR: TRANS
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vincial capitalsImproved ICT covera
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PILLAR: EDUCATIONSECTOR: EDUCATION
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services able throughout Afghanista
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PILLAR: AGRICULTURE & RURAL DEVELOP
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PILLAR: SOCIAL PROTECTIONSECTOR: RE
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G:Islamic Republic of AfghanistanAf
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