Islamic Republic of Afghanistan - Enhanced Integrated Framework ...

energy sector will be fully accounted for.These will be both positive, such as reducedpressure for deforestation, whileothers may be potentially negative, such asincreased green house gas emissions.There will be scope for using wind and solarenergy, particularly in areas away fromthe regional grids, and the relative benefitsof this type of energy should be recognizedin policies to support their use.The energy sector strategy therefore combinesefforts supported by donor funding to expandpublic sector operations while laying thegroundwork for much greater involvement bythe private sector investors. The relativeweight given to these two components will bedependent on the relative effectiveness of thetwo efforts over the implementation period forthe ANDS (for details refer to ANDS VolumeII).Integration of the Provincial DevelopmentPlans (PDPs)Access to electricity, both for domestic usethrough the extension of availability ofelectricity to more remote villages, and forproductive purposes such as factories andbusinesses was cited in 80 percent of ProvincialDevelopment Plans. PDPs in eightprovinces, principally in the center, southand south east of the country report progressin access to electricity since 2005,however, provinces in the center and southalso most frequently mentioned the needfor improvement. Little mention or understandingwas cited with respect to the nonelectricityuse of energy, i.e., for heating,fuel for small equipment, vehicle fuel, etc.Expected Outcomes:The key outcomes of the sector strategy are:• Improved Governance and Commercialization• Expanded Public Power Grid• Increased Access to Rural Energy Services• Enabling environment for private sectorinvestment in energy sector. (For detail informationrefer to Appendixes 3-NationalAction Plan and 4-Monitoring Matrix.)WATER AND IRRIGATIONRole of the sector in ANDS:The ANDS strategic vision and goal of the watersector can be summarized as follows: tomanage and develop the water resources in thecountry so as to reduce poverty, increase sustainableeconomic and social development, andimprove the quality of life for all Afghans andensure an adequate supply of water for futuregenerations.There are significant water resources in Afghanistan.Average annual precipitation isequivalent to about 165,000 million m³, yieldingan annual surface runoff water volume ofabout 57,000 million m³. This amounts to approximately2,280 m³/year per capita. Thiswould be an adequate amount, except: precipitationis primarily in the form of snowfall andthe resulting snowmelt runs off in a matter of afew months without adequate catchment systems;and precipitation in not evenly distributedgeographically. Reliance is thereforeplaced on groundwater extraction that is notsustainable and currently only an insignificantamount of surface water storage exists. Deepwater drilling without adequate investment inrecharge basins or storage structures is degradingthe aquifers on which much of traditionalirrigation systems depend. Despite considerableassistance in rehabilitating irrigation systems,progress towards establishing a comprehensiveplan with prioritized and costed investmentsis still in the formative stage.The Afghanistan Compact Benchmarks for WaterManagement commit both the Governmentand the donors to the development of sustainablewater resource management strategies andplans covering irrigation and drinking watersupply, and irrigation investments will resultin at least 30 percent of water coming fromlarge waterworks by end 2010. Other CompactBenchmarks under Urban Development, Environment,Agriculture and Rural Developmentdirectly address and contribute to the watersector, as follows:• Urban Development: Investment in watersupply and sanitation will ensure that 5082Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS)