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116 A. Seliškar, I. Zdovc, B. Zorkosiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumoniae are commonisolates in clinical microbiology and importantproducers of extended spectre beta-lactamases(ESBL). Enterobacteriaceae with beta-lactam resistancedue to the production of ESBL were discoveredin the eighties and since that time became epidemicand endemic in hospitals worldwide (22).The purpose of this report is to describe nosocomialKlebsiella oxytoca infection in two dogs thatunderwent dental procedures at Clinic for SmallAnimal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty,University of Ljubljana (CSAMS-VFLJ).Case 1Dog 1, a 7-months-old intact male Airedale terrier,considered healthy after physical examination,weighing 19.5 kg was presented to CSAMS-VFLJ fororthodontic movement of right mandibular caninetooth. Bilateral direct acrylic inclined plane wasimplanted under general anaesthesia. The dog waspremedicated with medetomidine (Domitor, Pfizer,Karlsruhe, Germany) 0.018 mg/kg i/m. Intravenouscatheter was placed into cephalic vein 15 minuteslater after standard aseptic procedure includingclipping the hair with the clipper and disinfectionof the skin with a mixture of 2-propanol and benzalkoniumchloride (Cutasept, Beiersdorf GsmbH,Wien, Austria). The dog was induced to generalanaesthesia with propofol (Propofol 1%, FreseniusKabi, Graz, Austria) 1.5 mg/kg i/v, endotracheallyintubated and maintained with isoflurane (Forane,Abbott, Queenborough, UK) in 100% oxygen for 20minutes. Atipamezole (Antisedan, Pfizer, Karlsruhe,Germany) 0.038 mg/kg i/m was administered at theend of the procedure to antagonize the effects of medetomidine.During general anaesthesia, LactatedRinger’s solution (B Braun, Melsungen, Germany)was administered at 10 ml/kg/h. One hour and halfafter atipamezole administration, metoclopramide(Reglan, Alkaloid, Skopje, Macedonia) 0.4 mg/kg s/cwas given to treat postoperative nausea. The dogwas discharged to a home care few hours later.The dog was brought to local veterinary practitionerbecause of lameness of right front leg thatwas used for intravenous catheter placement thenext day. Intense pain was observed at palpation ofright shoulder joint and the dog was given carprofen(Rimadyl, Pfizer, Animal Health S.A., Dundee, UK) 4mg/kg s/c. The lameness resolved the day after that,but the mild pain was still present at palpation ofaffected joint. Radiographic examination showed noabnormalities and the dog was prescribed carprofen(2 mg/kg p/o q12h).Five days later, the dog returned to veterinarypractitioner with extensive swelling of right frontleg. The dog was prescribed amoxicillin+clavulanicacid (Synulox, Pfizer Italiana, Latina, Italy) 20 mg/kgp/o q12h and carprofen as before. The dog’s conditionimproved and therapy was terminated 10 dayslater.The day after, the dog was presented again withintense pain of right shoulder joint, painful hindpart of the body and stiffed gait. The dog was reluctantto walk. According to veterinary practitioner,radiographic examinations of right shoulder jointand hip joints were normal as well as neurologicalexamination. Routine haematology profile was withinreference range. The dog was tested for dirofilariosis,boreliosis and ehrlichiosis with commerciallyavailable ELISA kit (SNAP 3Dx, Canine HeartwormAntigen/Borrelia Burgdorferi/Ehrlichia Canis AnibodyTest Kit, IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook,Maine, USA), and the results were negative. Despitenegative results, the dog was prescribed doxycycline(Clinofug D, Dr. August WOLFF GmbH&Co, Bielfeld,Germany) 10 mg/kg p/o q24h and carprofen 2 mg/kg p/o q12h. The dogs’ condition worsened in thecourse of therapy, and a week later the dog was referredto CSAMS-VFLJ.The dog was presented to CSAMS-VFLJ with intensepain of the whole right front leg. Radiographicexamination revealed osteomyelitis of the right humeralhead. Definitive pattern of lysis and solid patternof periosteal new bone were seen on the humeralhead (Figure 1). Synovial fluid from right shoulderjoint was taken and sent to bacteriology identificationand susceptibility testing to commonly usedantimicrobial agents.Bacteriology examinations were performed inColumbia agar supplemented with 5% of ovineblood. Klebsiella microorganisms were identified onthe basis of colony morphology, microscopic Gramstain characteristics, indole and oxidase activity.The final confirmation was done with API-20E ®enteric identification system (bioMerieux, Marcyl’Etoile, France). The antibiotic susceptibility ofisolated strains was determined by disc-diffusionmethod according to the NCCLS (National Committeeon Clinical Laboratory Standards) guidelines(Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk andDilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolatedfrom Animals; Approved Standard – Second Edition,M31-A2, Vol. 22 No.6).