Waikato regional economic profile - Waikato Regional Council

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4.3.4 OilWaikato does not produce oil, but it relies on it as a fuel for transport and industry.Although regional data are not available, New Zealand’s oil demand has grown steadilysince the mid 1980s. In 2010, New Zealand consumed 147,000 barrels per day, whichrepresented an increase of 12.2 per cent since 2000. 191 Oil currently provides over halfof New Zealand’s consumer energy demand, and almost 98 per cent of our transportfuel. 192New Zealand’s oil is extracted from 18 fields in the Taranaki region and almost all of itis exported. Imported crude oil is processed at Marsden Point Oil Refinery, whichproduces 75 per cent of the fuel consumed in New Zealand each year.A pipeline from Marsden Point to Auckland carries 40 per cent of total fuel volumes,with the remainder transported by two ships to a network of ten coastal terminals. Thelargest storage facility is at Wiri in South Auckland: 33 per cent of New Zealand’s fuelconsumption passes through each year. 193The National Infrastructure Plan (2011) states that oil infrastructure has been highlyreliable, with no significant supply interruptions to date. However, some storageterminals may be near the end of their useful life and some investment andrationalisation in these areas can be expected over the next ten years. 194 Oil supply, onthe other hand, is altogether less certain.World oil production is dominated by a relatively small number of countries. Major oilexporting countries production volumes are reducing, or at least slowing as large and‘easy’ oil reservoirs are drained, leaving smaller and more difficult fields for production.However the developed world’s demand for energy is unabated. Concurrently, demandfor oil in emerging economies such as China, India and Brazil is rising. Risingeconomies such as China and India have put increasing demands on global oilreserves as they continue to grow. This development and higher standards of living insuch populated and increasingly urbanised countries raises national oil consumptionlevels through increases in demand which ultimately leads to increased pressure on oilreserves. 195According to the International Energy Agency (2010), production from known oil andgas reserves will fall by approximately 40-60 per cent by 2030. The largest oilproducing countries in the world are now beginning to see the pinnacle of oil extractionin their regions. As reserves decline and with demand continuing to rise, prices willescalate as the resource becomes more and more sought after. 196The International Energy Agency anticipated in 2010 that world oil production fromknown sources would go into permanent decline because the production rate from newfields is smaller than the depletion rate. Remaining oil reservoirs of significance lie nowin areas of political instability and difficult to access areas such as polar and offshoreregions. This adds risk to oil supply, increasing the vulnerability of importing countriesand increased costs at the consumer level from raised cost of extraction. 197191BP (2011, p. 9).192Ministry of Economic Development (2010, p. 9).193New Zealand Government (2011g, p. 34).194New Zealand Government (2011g, p. 34).195International Energy Agency (2010, p. 5).196WWF (2011, p. 14).197Krumdieck et al (2011, p. 8).Page 62 Doc #: 2069885
4.4 Water4.4.1 IntroductionAccording to the National Infrastructure Plan (2011), water infrastructure can bediscussed under two different groups of assets: Urban water infrastructure: This network provides safe and potable water,manages wastewater and stormwater, services business and residential waterneeds and treats trade and industrial waste. Productive water infrastructure: This asset group includes infrastructurerequired for productive activities – such as irrigation, hydro-generation, agroprocessing,rural domestic supply and stock water. Investment in these assetsis at a crossroad, particularly in relation to large infrastructure projects, asinvestors look for increased certainty (including security in relation to waterallocation) and better clarity on the role of the government. 198Figure 67 outlines the sources and infrastructure associated with urban water andproductive water.The latest available information about urban water infrastructure has been obtainedfrom territorial authorities, which own and maintain this infrastructure.Figure 67: Water: from sources to outcomes 1994.4.2 Urban water infrastructureHamilton City CouncilWater supply assets include one treatment plant, eight reservoirs and 1079 km of waterreticulation network. 200 The depreciated replacement cost of these assets is$237,589,000. 201Stormwater assets include approximately 620km of pipes, 90km of open channels and11,800 catchpits. The majority of Hamilton city’s public stormwater network wasinstalled in the period from 1960-2000. Most pipelines have anticipated service lives198New Zealand Government (2011d, p. 39).199New Zealand Government (2011d, p. 45).200Harty (2010, p. 11).201Hamilton City Council (2009, p. 233).Doc # 2069885 Page 63
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Waikato Regional Council Technical
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Document #: 2069885
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Table of contentsAcknowledgementLis
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11.2.5 Industry Training Organisati
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The Government aims to create an en
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TransportAlmost a quarter of total
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Regional competitivenessRelative pe
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WRC identified three flagship goals
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WRC adopted the concept of green gr
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Figure 4: Real value of goods and s
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4. Foster policy learning through b
Page 28 and 29: economic development strategy for t
Page 30 and 31: Figure 5: Economic value added by s
Page 32 and 33: Figure 8: Unemployment by region, 2
Page 34 and 35: Figure 12: Median household and per
Page 36 and 37: Figure 15: Deprivation in Hamilton
Page 38 and 39: In addition to dairy products contr
Page 40 and 41: In May 2009, DairyNZ launched the S
Page 42 and 43: New Zealand exported $716.9 million
Page 44 and 45: Wallace Meats: is a subsidiary of W
Page 46 and 47: Figure 29: Location quotient and em
Page 48 and 49: Figure 30: AgBio New Zealand produc
Page 50 and 51: Five of New Zealand’s six largest
Page 54 and 55: Most providers of high valueservice
Page 56 and 57: When measured for its value to the
Page 58 and 59: is not considered by this profile t
Page 62 and 63: 4.2 Transport4.2.1 RoadThe current
Page 64 and 65: Local roads in the Waikato region a
Page 66 and 67: Waikato to, or from, the Bay of Ple
Page 68 and 69: Approximately 40 per cent of all ex
Page 70 and 71: Figure 58: International arrivals t
Page 72 and 73: The New Zealand Energy Strategy has
Page 74 and 75: Figure 62: Transpower transmission
Page 76 and 77: Coal has been mined in the Waikator
Page 80 and 81: etween 75 and 100 years. 202 The de
Page 82 and 83: Taupō District CouncilWater supply
Page 84 and 85: 4.4.3 Productive water infrastructu
Page 86 and 87: The surveys identified that there i
Page 88 and 89: RBI has been implemented by the Gov
Page 90 and 91: Figure 76: RBI broadband in the cen
Page 92 and 93: 5 People5.1 SummaryThis chapter des
Page 94 and 95: Figure 81: Urban population in the
Page 96 and 97: 5.2.3 AgeingFigure 83: Percentage i
Page 98 and 99: Figure 88: Proportion of population
Page 100 and 101: Figure 92: Highest qualification pr
Page 102 and 103: Figure 95: Labour market areas in t
Page 104 and 105: Figure 99: Commuting patterns (2006
Page 106 and 107: Three areas of the Waikato region h
Page 108 and 109: Figure 101: Land uses in the Waikat
Page 110 and 111: 120%100%80%60%40%Land with limitati
Page 112 and 113: 6.6 WaterFreshwater is important fo
Page 114 and 115: Table 10: Current water take author
Page 116 and 117: 7 Institutions7.1 SummaryCentral an
Page 118 and 119: The final report of the Government
Page 120 and 121: Local authority Strategy DeliveryRo
Page 122 and 123: Local authority Strategy Vision Goa
Page 124 and 125: Local authority Strategy Vision Goa
Page 126 and 127: Figure 106: Iwi of the Waikato regi
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SettlementprogressMāoriCommercialA
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SettlementprogressDeed ofSettlement
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Figure 108: Geographic units with 0
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Figure 111: Entry rate (percentage
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Gas supply 0.44Air transport, servi
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Capital productivity is value added
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have low tangible assets and low or
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11 Innovation system11.1 SummaryAs
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Zealand universities (34 per cent).
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cent), health (21 per cent) and hos
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Figure 124: Waikato ITO trainees (2
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The University of Waikato has five
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esearch.” 398 Research is essenti
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Landcare ResearchNational Institute
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11.4 Business development and growt
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Waikato Innovation Park provides se
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12 Key findings and next stepsThe W
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There are also a number of opportun
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BibliographyAFFCO New Zealand 2010.
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Hauraki District Council 2009. Haur
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Ministry of Economic Development 20
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New Zealand Transport Agency 2010.
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South Waikato District Council 2009
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Waikato Regional Council 2011f. Lan
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Waikato regional economic profile - Waikato Regional Council

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