Waikato regional economic profile - Waikato Regional Council

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Coal has been mined in the Waikatoregion since the late 1840s. By the1950s, production was over 1 milliontonnes a year, and now stands at over 2million tonnes a year.The coal output of the Waikato regionrepresented more than 38 per cent ofNew Zealand’s total output in 2010 177 ,and about 70 per cent of the coalproduced for domestic consumption. 178Major New Zealand coal fields areillustrated in figure 65.Figure 65: Coal production by field 176Most production is by opencast mining at the Rotowaro mine, which produces 1.0-1.3million tonnes a year. Approximately 5 million tonnes of recoverable coal remains.Approximately 70 per cent of Rotowaro’s coal is trucked to the Huntly West Mine siteand either transported by overland conveyor to Genesis Energy’s Huntly Power Stationor stockpiled for future use. About 25 per cent of the coal mined at Rotowaro is raileddirectly to New Zealand Steel’s mill at Glenbrook, near Auckland. A small proportion ofannual production is bagged for household use, although Solid Energy New ZealandLtd is progressively withdrawing from supplying the coal home heating market. 179The Huntly East Mine produces approximately 400,000 tonnes of coal and is the lastremaining underground mine in the North Island. 180 As at 2007, approximately 1 milliontonnes of recoverable coal were available for extraction in the licensed area and therewas a further 7 million tonnes of accessible coal in nearby areas. Approximately 95 percent of the coal produced at Huntly East Mine is railed directly to New Zealand Steel’smill at Glenbrook. 181Huntly sub-bituminous coal is also sought after by lime manufacturers, meat works,timber processing plants, and light industrial and horticultural businesses. 182A significant part of the remaining resource is more than 300 metres deep, but thereare also extensive resources at opencastable depth. The latter include coal beneaththe Huntly township, and the largest unworked block of opencastable coal left in theNorth Island, at Ohinewai in the Waikare Coalfield. 183Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd is investigating a technology that could allow NewZealand to recover coal from deep, difficult-to-mine coal deposits without digging itfrom the ground. Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) uses a chemical reaction toconvert coal into a gas hundreds of metres underground, then bring the gas to thesurface through a pipe. 184176Ministry of Economic Development (2012c, p. 34).177Ministry of Economic Development (2011e) Facts and figures.178Ministry of Economic Development (2011d) Coal resources: Waikato region.179Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd (2011b, p. 1-2).180Ministry of Economic Development (2011d) Coal resources: Waikato region.181Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd (2007, p. 1).182Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd (2011b, p. 2).183Ministry of Economic Development (2011d) Coal resources: Waikato region.184Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd (2010, p. 1).Page 60 Doc #: 2069885
4.3.3 GasSolid Energy New Zealand Ltd has also been investigating recovering naturallyoccurring methane gas from deep, difficult-to-mine coal seams as a source of industrialenergy in the Waikato region since 2005. Initial coal seam gas (CSG) trials in theWaikato extracted high quality gas – 98 per cent methane – which has been used togenerate electricity for the national grid. Although these trials delivered significantknowledge about the technology, they were undertaken within a confined area. SolidEnergy New Zealand Ltd has since been granted resource consents by WRC to takethe next step to carry out CSG production testing. 185The supply of natural gas inNew Zealand is produced in theTaranaki region from 11 fields –with production dominated sincethe late 1970s by the Maui field.186Waikato is a major consumer ofreticulated natural gas, as wellas an important corridor for thegas pipeline from Taranaki toother regions.There are over 2500 km of highpressuretransmission pipelinesacross the North Island, asshown in figure 66. These arepredominantly owned by Vector(which acquired the Natural GasCorporation), and the Maui Figure 66: Map of gas pipelines 188pipeline extending from SouthTaranaki to Huntly is owned byMaui Development Ltd. Morethan half the distributionpipeline and serviceconnections are in Waikato. 187One of the largest users of this gas is the Huntly Power Station. The original 1000 MWHuntly Power Station was built as a dual-fired plant, capable of operating on both coaland gas. However, with the decline of the Maui gas field after 2003, Genesis Energyswitched the power station to run mainly on coal. Overall gas consumption at theHuntly plants was boosted with the addition of the 48 MW open-cycle gas turbinegenerator, plus the August 2007 opening of the new 400 MW combined cycle gas-firedplant (Unit 5), which uses gas from new gas fields such as Kupe and Pohukura. 189Apart from Huntly, gas is also used in dual-fuel operations (along with coal) at acogeneration plant, operated by Contact Energy at Fonterra’s Te Rapa dairy factory.Apart from electricity generation, gas is used in a range of industries from fertiliserproduction through to the dairy industry. 190Disruption to gas supply in 2011 highlighted both the dependence of several industrialusers in the Waikato region on this resource and the vulnerability of the gas pipeline.185Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd (2011a, p. 1).186Waikato Regional Energy Forum (2009, p. 93).187Waikato Regional Energy Forum (2009, p. 90).188Vector Ltd (2009) Transmission pipeline map.189Waikato Regional Energy Forum (2009, p. 91).190Waikato Regional Energy Forum (2009, p. 92).Doc # 2069885 Page 61
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Waikato Regional Council Technical
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Document #: 2069885
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Table of contentsAcknowledgementLis
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11.2.5 Industry Training Organisati
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The Government aims to create an en
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TransportAlmost a quarter of total
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Regional competitivenessRelative pe
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WRC identified three flagship goals
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WRC adopted the concept of green gr
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Figure 4: Real value of goods and s
Page 26 and 27: 4. Foster policy learning through b
Page 28 and 29: economic development strategy for t
Page 30 and 31: Figure 5: Economic value added by s
Page 32 and 33: Figure 8: Unemployment by region, 2
Page 34 and 35: Figure 12: Median household and per
Page 36 and 37: Figure 15: Deprivation in Hamilton
Page 38 and 39: In addition to dairy products contr
Page 40 and 41: In May 2009, DairyNZ launched the S
Page 42 and 43: New Zealand exported $716.9 million
Page 44 and 45: Wallace Meats: is a subsidiary of W
Page 46 and 47: Figure 29: Location quotient and em
Page 48 and 49: Figure 30: AgBio New Zealand produc
Page 50 and 51: Five of New Zealand’s six largest
Page 54 and 55: Most providers of high valueservice
Page 56 and 57: When measured for its value to the
Page 58 and 59: is not considered by this profile t
Page 62 and 63: 4.2 Transport4.2.1 RoadThe current
Page 64 and 65: Local roads in the Waikato region a
Page 66 and 67: Waikato to, or from, the Bay of Ple
Page 68 and 69: Approximately 40 per cent of all ex
Page 70 and 71: Figure 58: International arrivals t
Page 72 and 73: The New Zealand Energy Strategy has
Page 74 and 75: Figure 62: Transpower transmission
Page 78 and 79: 4.3.4 OilWaikato does not produce o
Page 80 and 81: etween 75 and 100 years. 202 The de
Page 82 and 83: Taupō District CouncilWater supply
Page 84 and 85: 4.4.3 Productive water infrastructu
Page 86 and 87: The surveys identified that there i
Page 88 and 89: RBI has been implemented by the Gov
Page 90 and 91: Figure 76: RBI broadband in the cen
Page 92 and 93: 5 People5.1 SummaryThis chapter des
Page 94 and 95: Figure 81: Urban population in the
Page 96 and 97: 5.2.3 AgeingFigure 83: Percentage i
Page 98 and 99: Figure 88: Proportion of population
Page 100 and 101: Figure 92: Highest qualification pr
Page 102 and 103: Figure 95: Labour market areas in t
Page 104 and 105: Figure 99: Commuting patterns (2006
Page 106 and 107: Three areas of the Waikato region h
Page 108 and 109: Figure 101: Land uses in the Waikat
Page 110 and 111: 120%100%80%60%40%Land with limitati
Page 112 and 113: 6.6 WaterFreshwater is important fo
Page 114 and 115: Table 10: Current water take author
Page 116 and 117: 7 Institutions7.1 SummaryCentral an
Page 118 and 119: The final report of the Government
Page 120 and 121: Local authority Strategy DeliveryRo
Page 122 and 123: Local authority Strategy Vision Goa
Page 124 and 125: Local authority Strategy Vision Goa
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Figure 106: Iwi of the Waikato regi
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SettlementprogressMāoriCommercialA
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SettlementprogressDeed ofSettlement
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Figure 108: Geographic units with 0
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Figure 111: Entry rate (percentage
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Gas supply 0.44Air transport, servi
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Capital productivity is value added
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have low tangible assets and low or
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11 Innovation system11.1 SummaryAs
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Zealand universities (34 per cent).
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cent), health (21 per cent) and hos
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Figure 124: Waikato ITO trainees (2
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The University of Waikato has five
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esearch.” 398 Research is essenti
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Landcare ResearchNational Institute
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11.4 Business development and growt
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Waikato Innovation Park provides se
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12 Key findings and next stepsThe W
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There are also a number of opportun
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BibliographyAFFCO New Zealand 2010.
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Hauraki District Council 2009. Haur
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Ministry of Economic Development 20
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New Zealand Transport Agency 2010.
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South Waikato District Council 2009
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Waikato Regional Council 2011f. Lan
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Waikato regional economic profile - Waikato Regional Council

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