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2FSK- 同步检波• 在大信噪比下 , 包络检波与相干检波的误码率相差不大• 常用简单的包络检波2011-9-11 72
The National Constitution provided for the establishment of a bank to carry out centralbanking functions. The BoS was thus established under Article 18 of the National Charterand the Constitutive law of the Bank of Somaliland, number 026. The Board of Directors(‘Board’) consists of seven members made up of the Governor who acts as the chairman ofthe Board, Director General as deputy chairman, and five members of which three areprivate businessmen.The BoS has the responsibility for managing the monetary policy, the currency and fordeveloping and regulating the banking sector, including the remittance companies, inSomaliland. In the absence of commercial banks it carries out limited commercial bankingfunctions. Senior management indicated that a legal framework for establishing banks and aregulatory framework to regulate financial institutions, including the remittance companies,exists in Somaliland. The BoS has also reportedly developed regulations governing theestablishment of operations of banks in the country.Given the historic background of civil unrest and the collapse of the banking system, there isa general lack of public confidence in the BoS. It was indicated by senior BoS officials thatthe Board recognizes that such problems exist and that it is attempting to separate the BoScentral and commercial banking functions by establishing separate management. Seniormanagement stressed the need for immediate training at all levels, from senior managementto junior staff, in all aspects of central and commercial banking work.Based on the departments visited in the BoS, it is apparent that the BoS operates more as acommercial bank and government treasury than as a modern central bank. Most operationsof the BoS are rudimentary and most significantly, it lacks regulatory capacity. Some of thedepartments/branches visited in the BoS included:# Personnel Department:The primary function of this unit at the BoS is to keep records on salaries, attendances andtransfers. All key decisions, however, are taken at the BoS headquarters. There arecurrently no job descriptions that define the roles and responsibilities for positions in thisdepartment as is best practice. Further, there does appear to be a specific training function atthe BoS, normally the responsibility of a personnel department. Whilst there is appears to bea clear need for a personnel function at the BoS, the current personnel department appears tolack the capacity to undertake activities other than the most rudimentary, such as thepayment of salaries.# Audit/Inspection Department:This BoS department carries out bi-annual audits after which it produces an audit report.Best practice would dictate that internal audits, and the subsequent production of auditreports or comprehensive minutes, be undertaken far more frequently, particularly given thelack of computerization at the BoS. A double-entry book keeping system is employed andeach branch’s books clear every ten days. Given the scale of operations at the BoS, thispractice appears to be satisfactory. This unit has 11 members of staff.# Branch number One:The branch comprises 17 members of staff divided into three units: general accounts, allaccounts and cash section. These units are typical of a branch of a commercial bank. The72
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第七章数字带通传输
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概述• 基带信号适于
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概述• 数字调制 : 用
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解调的相关概念• 相
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e () t = s() t Acos( ω t)eASKOOK
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2ASK- - 频谱• 谱零点带
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2ASK- 解调• 载频远高
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BPFx(t)抽样判决cosωctcp(t)
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2FSK- - 产生2011-9-11 18
Page 21 and 22: 2FSK- - 频谱通常选 Δω=f1
Page 23 and 24: 2FSK- - 解调条件 : | f − f
Page 25 and 26: 过零检测法判决准则
Page 27 and 28: 2PSK- - 产生• 同一载波
Page 29 and 30: 2PSK- - 产生⎧cos ωct, " 1 "eP
Page 31 and 32: 2011-9-11 31
Page 33 and 34: 2PSK- - 解调波形1 0cos ω c
Page 35 and 36: 2PSK- - 解调Costas 环提取
Page 37 and 38: 载波提取1u = e t e t = m t C
Page 39 and 40: 2DPSK- - 产生利用载波相
Page 41 and 42: a kb k-12PSK(b k)b k2PSK 调制2DP
Page 43 and 44: 2DPSK解调• 相干解调2011
Page 45 and 46: 2DPSK解调2011-9-11 45
Page 47 and 48: 2DPSK- 解调微分整流脉
Page 49 and 50: 2ASK- 包络检波x() t = s () t
Page 51 and 52: 2ASK- 包络检波• 设门
Page 53 and 54: 2ASK- 包络检波p = p(1) P + p
Page 55 and 56: 2ASK- 包络检波• Pe 取决
Page 57 and 58: 2ASK- 同步检波1 b−ap = p(
Page 59 and 60: 2ASK- 性能• 在相同大
Page 61 and 62: 解 : 基带矩形脉冲的
Page 63 and 64: 2FSK- 包络检波在 (0,Ts) 区
Page 65 and 66: 2FSK- 包络检波p10 = p(v1< v
Page 67 and 68: 2FSK- 包络检波• 同理
Page 69 and 70: 2FSK- 同步检波v ( kT )1s⎧a
Page 71: 2FSK- 同步检波01 rpe1= ∫ f
Page 76 and 77: 2PSK- 同步检波012 2( 0) exp(
Page 78 and 79: 差分相干检测系统发
Page 80 and 81: 差分相干检测系统2011
Page 82 and 83: 二进制数字调制系统
Page 84 and 85: 误码率的公式2011-9-11 84
Page 86 and 87: 7.4 多进制数字调制系
Page 88 and 89: 数字调制系统衡量指
Page 90 and 91: 用 I-Q 平面表示信号QQS
Page 92 and 93: 7.4.1 多进制振幅键控 (M
Page 94 and 95: MASK 的抗噪声性能• 多
Page 96 and 97: 7.4.2 多进制频移键控 (
Page 99 and 100: 7.4.2 多进制频移键控 (
Page 101 and 102: 7.4.3 多进制相移键控 (
Page 103 and 104: QPSK 信号的波形T sBinaryse
Page 105 and 106: 2011-9-11 105
Page 107 and 108: • 解调方法 - 相干解
Page 109 and 110: 交错的 QPSK(OQPSKOQPSK)• 在
Page 111 and 112: OQPSK 解调2011-9-11 111
Page 113 and 114: QPSK 的误码率• 若发送
Page 115 and 116: 多进制差分相移键控
Page 117 and 118: DQPSK 产生方法• 相乘
Page 119 and 120: DQPSK 解调方法• 和 QPSK
Page 121 and 122: 判决规则 :“+” → 二
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上表中的码元关系可
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• 误码率在大信噪比
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2011-9-11 127
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