What Works for Women and Girls

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Wolf, C., P. Guest and M. Viradvaidya. 2008. “An Assessment of the Positive Partnership Project (PPP) inThailand: Key Considerations for Scaling-up Micro-credit Loans for HIV-positive and Negative Paris in OtherSettings. Abstract. XVII International AIDS Conference. Mexico City, Mexico. August 3–8.Wolf, R. and J. Pulerwitz. 2003. “The Influence of Peer versus Adult Communication on AIDS-protectiveBehaviors among Ghanaian Youth.” Journal of Health Communication 8: 463–474.Wolff, B., J. Busza, L. Bufumbo and J. Whitworth. 2006. “Women Who Fall by the Roadside: Gender, Sexual Riskand Alcohol in Rural Uganda.” Addiction 101: 1277–1284.Wolff, B., B. Nyanzi, G. Katongole, D. Sseanaga, A. Ruberantwari and J. Whitworth. 2005. “Evaluation of a HomebasedVoluntary Counselling and Testing Intervention in Rural Uganda.” Health Policy and Planning 20 (2):109–116.Wong, L., H. Van Rooyen, P. Modiba, L. Richter, G. Gray, J. McIntyre, C. Schetter and T. Coates. 2009. “Testand Tell: Correlates and Consequences of Testing and Disclosure of HIV Status in South Africa.” Journal ofAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 50 (2): 215–222.Wood. R. 2009. “Impact of ART on TB prevention.” Presentation at Catalysing HIV/TB Research: innovation,funding and networking” workshop. Cape Town, South Africa. July 18, 2009.Wood, R. 2007. “The Case for Integrating Tuberculosis and HIV Treatment Service in South Africa.” The Journalof Infectious Diseases 196: S497–S499.Wood, K., F. Maforah and R. Jewkes. 1998. “’He Forced Me to Love Him’: Putting Violence on Adolescent SexualHealth Agendas.” Social Science and Medicine 47(2): 233–242.Woolf, S. and S. Maisto. 2008. “Alcohol Use and High-risk Sexual Behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa: A NarrativeReview.” Abstract TUPE0859. XVII International AIDS Conference. Mexico City, Mexico. August 3–8.Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children. 2002. Refugees and AIDS: What Should the HumanitarianCommunity Do? Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children: New York, NY.Wools-Kaloustian, K., S. Kimaiyo, L. Diero, A. Siika, J. Sidle, C.T. Yiannoutsos, B. Musick, R. Einterz, K.H. Fife,W.M. Tierney. 2006. “Viability and Effectiveness of Large-scale HIV Treatment Initiatives in Sub-SaharanAfrica: Experience from Western Kenya.” AIDS 20(1): 41–8.World Bank and UNICEF. 2009. Abolishing school fees in Africa: lessons from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, andMozambique. Washington, DC: World Bank.World Bank. 2007. HIV/AIDS, Nutrition and Food Security: What Can We Do, A Synthesis of International Guidance.Washington, DC. www.worldbank.org.The World Bank. 2002. Education and HIV/AIDS: A Window of Hope. The World Bank: Washington, DC.World Health Organization (WHO). 2010a. Working with Individuals, Families and Communities to ImproveMaternal Health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.World Health Organization (WHO). 2010b. Treatment of tuberculosis: Guidelines For national programmes (4thed.). Geneva: WHO.World Health Organization (WHO). 2010c. www.who.int/topics/hepatitis/en.World Health Organization (WHO). 2009a. “HIV and Infant Feeding: Revised Principles and Rcommendations.Rapid Advice.” November.World Health Organization (WHO). 2009b. “Rapid Advice: Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating PregnantWomen and Preventing HIV Infection in Infants.” November.526 REFERENCES
World Health Organization (WHO). 2009c. “Women and Health: Today’s Evidence Tomorrow’s Agenda.” Geneva,Switzerland: World Health Organization.World Health Organization (WHO). 2009d. Violence Prevention: The Evidence Overview. Geneva, Switzerland:WHO.World Health Organization (WHO). 2009e. Global Tuberculosis Control—epidemiology, strategy, financing. Geneva,Switzerland: WHO. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/2009/en/index.html.World Health Organization (WHO). April 2009f. “Priority Interventions: HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatmentand Care in the Health Sector”. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/priority_interventions_web.pdf.[3/17/2010].World Health Organization (WHO). 2009g. Monitoring Emergency Obstetric Care: A Handbook. Geneva,Switzerland.World Health Organization (WHO). 2009h. “Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Prevention: Consultation, November2–4, 2009.” Geneva, Switzerland.World Health Organization (WHO). 2009i. Global Tuberculosis Control: A Short Update to the 2009 Report. WHO/HTM/TB/2009.426. Geneva: WHO. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598866_eng.pdf.World Health Organization (WHO). 2009j. Rapid Advice. Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection in Adults andAdolescents. Geneva: WHO. http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/arv/advice/en/index.html.World Health Organization (WHO). 2008a. “Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use: 2008 Update.”Geneva WHO. http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/mec/mec.pdf.World Health Organization (WHO). 2008b. World Malaria Report. Geneva, Switzerland: World HealthOrganization.World Health Organization (WHO), 2008c. ‘Technical Expert Group Meeting on Intermittent PreventiveTreatment in pregnancy (IPTp).’ Geneva: WHO.World Health Organization (WHO). 2007a. Engaging men and boys in changing gender-based inequity inhealth: Evidence from programme interventions. By: Gary Barker, Christine Ricardo and Marcos Nascimento.Geneva: WHO.World Health Organization (WHO). 2007b. “Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV. HIV TechnicalReports.” Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.World Health Organization (WHO). 2007c. “Scaling Up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions In The Health Sector:Progress Report.” Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.World Health Organization (WHO) and UNAIDS. 2007. “Guidance on Provider-Initiated HIV Testing andCounselling in Health Facilities.” Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.WHO/RHR and CCP, INFO Project. 2007. Family Planning: A Global Handbook for Providers. Baltimore andGeneva: CCP and WHO.World Health Organization (WHO). 2006a. “Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating Pregnant Women and PreventingHIV Infection in Infants: Towards Universal Access: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach.”Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.World Health Organization (WHO). 2006b. “Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of SexuallyTransmitted Infections: 2006–2015.” Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.WHAT WORKS FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS527
Page 1:
WHAT WORKSFOR WOMEN AND GIRLSEviden
Page 4:
Authors:Jill Gay, MAKaren Hardee, P
Page 7 and 8:
Jose Esparza, MD, Ph.D.Senior Advis
Page 9 and 10:
Shyam Kottilil, MD, Ph.D.Staff Clin
Page 11 and 12:
Larry Slutsker, MD, MPHChief, Malar
Page 13 and 14:
Table of ContentsList of Abbreviati
Page 15 and 16:
List of Abbreviations3TCACTAHIANCAP
Page 17:
PEPPHAPHRPIDPLHAPMTCTPPEPPTPRPTPRBP
Page 20 and 21:
MethodologyMeasuring “what works
Page 24 and 25:
2. Hormonal contraception is safe f
Page 26 and 27:
outcomes has been more difficult to
Page 28 and 29:
2. Promoting contraceptives and fam
Page 30 and 31:
International Political Commitments
Page 32 and 33:
established national action plans o
Page 34 and 35:
Organization of the DocumentThis do
Page 36 and 37:
Table 1.1Countries included in What
Page 38 and 39:
understanding the epidemic in any g
Page 40 and 41:
girls in school, for example. The c
Page 42 and 43:
Within each intervention, studies a
Page 45 and 46:
Chapter 3.Prevention for WomenA. Ma
Page 47 and 48:
Special Risks for WomenStill, despi
Page 49 and 50:
AIDS cases reported from 1982 to 20
Page 51 and 52:
experience observed in clinical tri
Page 53 and 54:
Female Condoms Are the Only Female-
Page 55 and 56:
condom if it gives them more pleasu
Page 57 and 58:
Correct use of the female condom ha
Page 59 and 60:
A two month prospective study from
Page 61 and 62:
A study of trends from Demographic
Page 63 and 64:
8. Peer education for women can inc
Page 65 and 66:
3B. Prevention for Women: Partner R
Page 67 and 68:
matic focus on partner reduction, y
Page 69 and 70:
of HIV acquisition, but were either
Page 71 and 72:
four visits, each participant was i
Page 73 and 74:
What Works—Prevention for Women:
Page 75 and 76:
vention immediately following the b
Page 77 and 78:
Chapter 4.Prevention for Key Affect
Page 79 and 80:
2010). Transgender men and women al
Page 81 and 82:
confidentiality—violate human rig
Page 83 and 84:
there were major socio-demographic
Page 85 and 86:
and post-intervention were used to
Page 87 and 88:
tent condom use and 1.5 times more
Page 89 and 90:
to their peers, distribute condoms
Page 91 and 92:
Gaps in Programming—Female Sex Wo
Page 93 and 94:
of a sexual relationship with a pri
Page 95 and 96:
than were naltrexone or placebo. HI
Page 97 and 98:
attributed to …swift introduction
Page 99 and 100:
Promising Strategies:5. Sex-segrega
Page 101 and 102:
9. Programming to prevent initiatio
Page 103 and 104:
D’Ivoire, Cuba, Estonia, Indonesi
Page 105 and 106:
Gaps in Programming—Women Prisone
Page 107 and 108:
EVIDENCEPromising Strategies:1. Vol
Page 109 and 110:
In fact, as of September 2008, 66 o
Page 111 and 112:
Transgender women and men are often
Page 113:
2009). “The invisibility and marg
Page 116 and 117:
especially young women, have their
Page 118 and 119:
negotiation skills and other critic
Page 120 and 121:
to be reached with sex and HIV educ
Page 122 and 123:
What Works—Prevention for Young P
Page 124 and 125:
44% and 100% of participants (Kirby
Page 126 and 127:
tudes, self-efficacy, intentions, a
Page 128 and 129:
as young people in this area had li
Page 130 and 131:
ical validity of the findings that
Page 132 and 133:
study reported having received info
Page 134 and 135:
nancy. Almost 87% of men and 89% of
Page 136 and 137:
last sex, having ever used a condom
Page 138 and 139:
Gap noted, for example, in South Af
Page 140 and 141:
Disaggregated Data Is NeededEffecti
Page 142 and 143:
were also effective in increasing u
Page 145 and 146:
Chapter 6.HIV Testing and Counselin
Page 147 and 148:
Equitable Access to Testing and Cou
Page 149 and 150:
they would come for HIV testing, re
Page 151 and 152:
their jobs (Human Rights Watch, 200
Page 153 and 154:
What Works—HIV Testing and Counse
Page 155 and 156:
women. Of all married HIV-positive
Page 157 and 158:
A study in Ethiopia found that inco
Page 159 and 160:
At a provincial hospital in Mombasa
Page 161 and 162:
Between June and December 2007, mob
Page 163 and 164:
Promising Strategies:6. Encouraging
Page 165 and 166:
10. Counseling may reduce risk beha
Page 167 and 168:
women learned violence prevention s
Page 169 and 170:
Chapter 7.TreatmentA. Provision and
Page 171 and 172:
Treatment Has Been Successfully Adm
Page 173 and 174:
HIV Prevention Is Needed as well as
Page 175 and 176:
Gaps in Programming—Provision and
Page 177 and 178:
These practices and tools are usefu
Page 179 and 180:
Non-judgmental, non-stigmatizing in
Page 181 and 182:
percent among ART-experienced patie
Page 183:
(Donnell et al., 2010). (Abstract)
Page 186 and 187:
The sexual health of women is an im
Page 188 and 189:
[ for women living with HIV]: impro
Page 190 and 191:
Available GuidelinesA number of sex
Page 192 and 193:
advantages of dual method use, alon
Page 194 and 195:
contraception: 57% used hormonal co
Page 196 and 197:
different; and progression to WHO c
Page 198 and 199:
HIV-related behavioral or biologic
Page 200 and 201:
use was positively associated with
Page 202 and 203:
Gaps in Programming—Meeting the S
Page 204 and 205:
Interactions between ARVs and oral
Page 207 and 208:
Chapter 9.Safe Motherhood and Preve
Page 209 and 210:
Pillar 1: Preventing Primary HIV In
Page 211 and 212:
mission of HIV. HIV testing and cou
Page 213 and 214:
EVIDENCE1. Preventing unintended pr
Page 215 and 216:
Gaps in Programming—Reducing Unin
Page 217 and 218:
9B. Safe Motherhood and Preventiono
Page 219 and 220:
EVIDENCEPromising Strategies:1. Dis
Page 221 and 222:
Gaps in Programming—Pre-Conceptio
Page 223 and 224:
9C-1. Safe Motherhood and Preventio
Page 225 and 226:
tion (Kershaw et al., 2006). “…
Page 227 and 228:
outine tests. Fifty percent of the
Page 229 and 230:
An evaluation of UNICEF-funded PMTC
Page 231 and 232:
and syphilis (by rapid plasma regai
Page 233 and 234:
2. Additional efforts are needed to
Page 235 and 236:
for their own disease” (ITPC, 200
Page 237 and 238:
own health needs has never been eva
Page 239 and 240:
dine and lamivudine during pregnanc
Page 241 and 242:
chose elective cesarean section to
Page 243 and 244:
their current pregnancy or a past p
Page 245 and 246:
Promising Strategies:5. Integrating
Page 247 and 248:
Gaps in Programming—Treatment1. I
Page 249 and 250:
cesarean, and 221 were non-elective
Page 251 and 252:
3. Efforts are needed to ensure tha
Page 253 and 254:
“There is no doubt that there are
Page 255 and 256:
formula feeding increases the risk
Page 257 and 258:
of age. For breastfed infants, the
Page 259 and 260:
weeks of gestation and continued un
Page 261 and 262:
A study in Côte d’Ivoire with 54
Page 263 and 264:
during breastfeeding compared with
Page 265 and 266:
3 times higher for infants who were
Page 267 and 268:
counseling tools are needed. Studie
Page 269 and 270:
Chapter 10.Preventing, Detecting an
Page 271 and 272:
latent infection. Some immunocompro
Page 273 and 274:
concurrent active TB and HIV infect
Page 275 and 276:
mortality of HIV-positive people re
Page 277 and 278:
in a 65% decline in mortality and t
Page 279 and 280:
1. Efforts are needed to reduce TB-
Page 281 and 282:
al., 2004 cited in Slutsker and Mar
Page 283 and 284:
stillbirths by 33%. Three cluster-r
Page 285 and 286:
Gaps in Programming—Malaria1. Fur
Page 287 and 288:
dose global coverage was just 27% i
Page 289 and 290:
Chapter 11.Strengthening the Enabli
Page 291 and 292:
combining microfinance and training
Page 293 and 294:
pants meeting once per week for thr
Page 295 and 296:
the men believed that they should n
Page 297 and 298:
in the intervention village were si
Page 299 and 300:
positive impacts. The quasi-experim
Page 301 and 302:
Samoa, Serbia and Montenegro, Thail
Page 303 and 304:
factor associated with sexual assau
Page 305 and 306:
What Works—Strengthening the Enab
Page 307 and 308:
worked with women’s groups, radio
Page 309 and 310:
of school in addressing gender-base
Page 311 and 312:
11C. Strengthening the Enabling Env
Page 313 and 314:
also widely used worldwide and part
Page 315 and 316:
ecognize women’s property rights
Page 317 and 318:
Promising Strategies:2. Community o
Page 319 and 320:
11D. Strengthening the Enabling Env
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
more likely to report having used a
Page 325 and 326:
likely than illiterate women to kno
Page 327 and 328:
of the women surveyed were HIV-posi
Page 329 and 330:
countries extending the fee aboliti
Page 331 and 332:
families and separated from their c
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
used the resource “Understanding
Page 337 and 338:
6. Support groups for people living
Page 339 and 340:
11G. Strengthening the Enabling Env
Page 341 and 342:
EVIDENCEPromising Strategies:1. Inv
Page 343 and 344:
Chapter 12.Care and SupportA. Women
Page 345 and 346:
ical care provided by family member
Page 347 and 348:
dealing with their sorrow, grief, a
Page 349 and 350:
What Works—Care and Support: Wome
Page 351 and 352:
2. Peer support groups can be highl
Page 353 and 354:
discriminated unjustly against them
Page 355 and 356:
6. Home-based antiretroviral therap
Page 357 and 358:
12B. Care and Support: Orphans and
Page 359 and 360:
(Thurman et al., 2007). As of 2008,
Page 361 and 362:
care and services were provided, wh
Page 363 and 364:
for treatment can be safely monitor
Page 365 and 366:
A study done in Kenya (year not giv
Page 367 and 368:
ather than a narrowly defined HIV/A
Page 369:
7. Further interventions to provide
Page 372 and 373:
ning providers, antenatal care and
Page 374 and 375:
What Works—Structuring Health Ser
Page 376 and 377:
counts available at primary health
Page 378 and 379:
Pregnant women reported feeling out
Page 380 and 381:
Before implementation of the PMTCT
Page 382 and 383:
accessing PMTCT. An evaluation of 3
Page 384 and 385:
A mathematical model based on TB tr
Page 386 and 387:
1. Improved integration is needed b
Page 388 and 389:
15. Additional efforts are needed t
Page 390 and 391:
Community-based Care is holistic ca
Page 392 and 393:
Microfinance is often defined as fi
Page 394 and 395:
Sexuality is a central aspect of be
Page 397 and 398:
References 1Aaron, E. and S. Crinit
Page 399 and 400:
Akabaysh, H. and G. Psacharopoulos.
Page 401 and 402:
Andia, I., A. Kaida, M. Maier, D. G
Page 403 and 404:
Auvert, B., D. Taljaard, E. Lagarde
Page 405 and 406:
Barker, P., C. McCanno, N. Mehta, C
Page 407 and 408:
Berer, M. 2008b. “Male Circumcisi
Page 409 and 410:
Bong, C-N., S. Chen, Y-J. Jong, T-S
Page 411 and 412:
Brou, H., G. Djohan, R. Becquet, G.
Page 413 and 414:
Campbell, L. and M. Lambey. 2002.
Page 415 and 416:
Chama, C., W. Gashau and S. Oguche.
Page 417 and 418:
Chimwaza, A., J. Chimango, C. Kapon
Page 419 and 420:
Cluver L. and F. Gardner. 2007. “
Page 421 and 422:
Coovadia, H. 2004. “Antiretrovira
Page 423 and 424:
De Bruyn, M. 2006a. There’s Nothi
Page 425 and 426:
Dharmadhikari, A., J Gupta, M. Deck
Page 427 and 428:
Druce, N. and A. Nolan. 2007. “Se
Page 429 and 430:
Epstein H. 2009. “Universal volun
Page 431 and 432:
Farrell, B. and N. Rajani. 2007.
Page 433 and 434:
Ford, N., D. Wilsono, P. Cawthorne,
Page 435 and 436:
Galvez-Buccollini, J., S. DeLea, P.
Page 437 and 438:
Gillespie, D., H. Bradley, M. Wolde
Page 439 and 440:
Gogna, M., M. Pechny, I. Ibarlucia,
Page 441 and 442:
Grimes, D., J. Benson, S. Singh, M.
Page 443 and 444:
Haddock, S., K. Hardee, J. Gay, P.
Page 445 and 446:
Harries, A., R. Chimizi and R. Zach
Page 447 and 448:
Hillemans, P., T. Ellerbrock, S. Mc
Page 449 and 450:
Hope, R. 2007. Addressing Cross-Gen
Page 451 and 452:
Innes, C, S Charalambous, M Felix,
Page 453 and 454:
Islander, F. 2006. Plenary Presenta
Page 455 and 456:
Jewkes, R. 2007. “Comprehensive R
Page 457 and 458:
Kadando, R., J. Lyavala and M. Mulo
Page 459 and 460:
Karnell, A.P., P.K. Cupp, R.S. Zimm
Page 461 and 462:
Maharashtra, India.” Abstract THP
Page 463 and 464:
Kim, Y., A. Kols, R. Nyakauru, C. M
Page 465 and 466:
Knerr, W., McEachran, J. and Philpo
Page 467 and 468:
Laga, M., M. Alary, N. Nzila, A. Ma
Page 469 and 470:
Leonard, L., I. Ndiaye, A. Kapadia,
Page 471 and 472:
Luke, N. and K. Kurz. 2002. Cross-g
Page 473 and 474:
Mahendra, V., R. Verma, S. Singh, S
Page 475 and 476:
Prevent HIV Mother-to-Child Transmi
Page 477 and 478: McIntyre, J. and M. Lallemont. 2008
Page 479 and 480: Minaya, J., A. Owen-Simth and J. He
Page 481 and 482: Morrison, C. 2009. “Hormonal Cont
Page 483 and 484: Musaba, E., C. Morrison, M. Sunkutu
Page 485 and 486: Nelson, K., D. Celentano, S. Euimtr
Page 487 and 488: Nyamukapa A., S. Gregson, B. Lopman
Page 489 and 490: Olaleye, A., D. Polsy, D. Atamawanl
Page 491 and 492: Paiva, V., E. Felipe, N. Santos, T.
Page 493 and 494: Peacock, D. 2009. “Working with M
Page 495 and 496: Pillai, S., M. Seshu and M. Shivdas
Page 497 and 498: Puntos de Encuentro. 2008. Final Ev
Page 499 and 500: Reniers, G., T. Araya, G.Davey, N.
Page 501 and 502: Ross, D., J. Changalucha, A. Obasi,
Page 503 and 504: an Operations Research Study in Zam
Page 505 and 506: Sekirime, W. and J. Lule. 2009. “
Page 507 and 508: Shuey, D., B. Baishangire, S. Omiat
Page 509 and 510: Smith D. 2007. “Modern Marriage,
Page 511 and 512: Stanwood N., S. Cohn, J. Heiser and
Page 513 and 514: Stuikyte, R. S. Schonning and S. Me
Page 515 and 516: Taylor, E. A. Pettifor, B. Mupenda,
Page 517 and 518: Todd, J., D. Maher, I. Kasamba, E.
Page 519 and 520: UNAIDS. 2007b. “The Positive Part
Page 521 and 522: UNIFEM. 2008. http://www.genderanda
Page 523 and 524: Verhoeff, F. B. Brabin, C. Hart, L.
Page 525 and 526: Wang, X. and Z. Wu. 2007. “Factor
Page 527: Wilcher, R., T. Petruney, H. Reynol
Page 531 and 532: Yankah, E., J. Ayres, S. Arruda and
Page 534: “What Works compiles a wealth of
show all

What Works for Women and Girls

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?