What Works for Women and Girls

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is short-term antiretroviral treatment to reduce the likelihoodof HIV infection after potential exposure, either occupationally or through sexual intercourse..Preventive therapy (PT) is drug treatment to prevent opportunistic infections among peopleliving with HIV/AIDS who have weakened immune systems. One example of PT is PTconsisting of treatment with the antibiotics cotrimoxazole and isoniazid; the former is used toprevent a variety of bacterial infections and the latter is used to prevent and treat tuberculosis.Prophylaxis is a measure taken to maintain health and prevent the spread of disease.Protective behavior is any activity undertaken by a person believing himself to be healthy, forthe purpose of preventing disease or detecting it in an asymptomatic stage.Providers are health care personnel attending to those who seek health care.R 0refers to the number of secondary cases which one case would produce in a completelysusceptible population. It depends on the duration of the infectious period, the probability ofinfecting a susceptible individual during one contact, and the number of new susceptible individualscontacted per unit of time. Therefore R0 may vary considerably for different infectiousdiseases but also for the same disease in different populations.Replacement Feeding, sometimes referred to as infant formula feeding, is the process offeeding a child who is not breastfeeding with a diet that provides all the nutrients the childneeds, until the child is fully fed on family food. Replacement feeding includes replacementof breast milk with a suitable breast-milk substitute in the first 6 months of life, and ensuringadequate complementary food and replacement of breast milk from 6 months to 2 years.Risk Behavior is a behavior whose outcomes may endanger either the individual engaging init or those affected by it.Self-perception is an individual’s view of self.Seroconversion refers to the development of detectable HIV antibodies in serum as a result ofinfection.Sex behavior refers to the sexual behavior of humans.Sexual debut refers to a person’s first sexual intercourse.Sex education is instruction in all aspects of human reproduction and sexuality.WHAT WORKS FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS391