What Works for Women and Girls

Community-based Care is holistic care, treatment, and psychological support for HIV andAIDS patients and their families provided by relatives, friends or community volunteers fromnon-governmental organizations who are in turn supported to a greater or lesser extent byhealth professionals, mostly nurses.Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) is a strategy devised to help clients adhere to Tuberculosis(TB) treatment. A TB case manager or another designated person watches the TB client swalloweach dose of the prescribed drugs. The goal of DOT is to ensure that clients with active tuberculosisreceive and adequately complete their treatment to minimize the risk of spreading thedisease to others and developing drug-resistant TB.Disclosure refers to revealing one’s HIV status after testing positive.Extensively-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) occurs when TB becomes resistant to bothfirst- and second-line drugs as result of misuse or mismanagement. XDR-TB is due to bacteriathat are resistant to any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs(capreomycin, kanamycin and amikacin), in addition to isoniazid and rifampicin .Exclusive Breastfeeding refers to feeding infants only breast milk, without any additional foodor drink, including water, for at least 6 months after birth.Gender-based Violence refers to violence on the basis of one’s gender.Gender Equality means equal treatment of women and men in laws and policies, and equalaccess to resources and services within families, communities and society at large.Gender Equity is the process of being fair to women and men. To ensure fairness, measuresmust often be available to compensate for historical and social disadvantages that preventwomen and men from otherwise operating on a level playing field. Equity leads to equality.Harm Reduction refers to policies, programs and practices that aim to reduce the harms associatedwith the use of psychoactive drugs in people unable or unwilling to stop. The definingfeatures are the focus on the prevention of harm, rather than on the prevention of drug useitself, and the focus on people who continue to use drugs.HIV ELISA Test is a rapid immunochemical test that uses an enzyme to test for HIV antibody.If antibodies to HIV are present (positive), the test is usually repeated to confirm the diagnosis.ELISA stands for “enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.”Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a combination of three or more antiretroviraldrugs consisting of one or more PIs or one NNRTI or the NRTIs—Abacavir or Tenofovir, or anintegrase or an entry inhibitor.388 GLOSSARY OF TERMS