What Works for Women and Girls

2. Interventions are needed to train caregivers on taking care of children living with HIV.A study found that caregivers of HIV-positive children needed training and information.Gap noted, for example, in South Africa (van Graan et al., 2007).3. The increased vulnerability of female-headed households requires targeted interventions.Studies found that female-headed households risk losing farmland and property and needtargeted interventions.Gap noted, for example, in Kenya (Yamano and Jayne, 2004, cited in Gillespie andKadiyala, 2005); Uganda (Kanyamurwa and Ampek, 2007); and Malawi (Shah et al.,2001, cited in Gillespie and Kadiyala, 2005).4. Interventions are needed to support HIV-positive women to disclose their serostatus to theirchildren and families. Studies found that HIV-positive women found it extremely difficultto disclose their serostatus to their children and to their families and wanted specific counselingto address this need.Gap noted, for example, in Argentina (Ottenberger et al., 2008); and Uganda (Rwemisisiet al., 2008, Manchester, 2004).5. Interventions are needed to increase access to palliative care. A study found that a significantproportion of patients needed palliative care.Gap noted, for example, in Tanzania (Collins and Harding, 2007).6. Caregiver training for male and female community health workers may benefit from criticalreflections on gender roles and responsibilities. A study found that men and womencompeted for remunerated caregiving, with training needed on gender roles.Gap noted, for example, in Lesotho (Newman et al., 2009).7. Further interventions are needed to improve quality of life for women living with HIV. Astudy found that women with HIV had lower quality of life scores than men.Gap noted, for example, in India (Solomon et al., 2008).8. Care and support programs should address gender-based violence. [See also Chapter 11B.Strengthening the Enabling Environment: Addressing Violence Against Women] A study ofwomen who received home based care found that significant numbers experienced violence.Gap noted, for example, in Uganda (Apondi et al, 2007).354 CHAPTER 12 CARE AND SUPPORT