What Works for Women and Girls

women learned violence prevention strategies such as staying sober to assess the situation,communication techniques, ways to exit a volatile situation and how to activelyseek community resources. At baseline, although 77% considered their substance abusea problem, only 26% knew about substance abuse treatment and only 7% had everbeen in treatment. A reduction of 15% to 5% was observed in the proportion of womenreporting daily alcohol use in the woman-focused group compared to a smaller decreaseof 18% to 10% in the standard group (Wechsberg et al., 2006). (Gray III) (sex behavior,alcohol, substance abuse, violence, South Africa)12. VCT can be successfully provided to internally displaced people. [See Chapter 4D. Preventionfor Key Affected Populations: Women and Girls in Complex Emergencies]13. Support programs for rape survivors can be effective in encouraging survivors to test forHIV. [See Chapter 4D. Prevention for Key Affected Populations: Women and Girls in ComplexEmergencies]Gaps in Programming—HIV Testing and Counseling for Women1. Interventions are needed that support women safely through the disclosure process.2. Efforts are needed to identify opportunities to offer HIV testing and counseling inhealth care settings that might reach women who are otherwise inaccessible, such aswithin post-abortion care services.3. Further efforts are needed to ensure optimal counseling strategies and topics, suchas pre- and post-test counseling and detailed information about treatment and therisks within marriage.4. Interventions are needed to reduce the risk of provider coercion in HIV testing,particularly in provider-initiated testing and counseling.5. Further efforts are needed to make HIV testing and counseling available and accessibleto young people.1. Interventions are needed that support women safely through the disclosure process. [Seealso Chapter 9C-1. Safe Motherhood and Prevention of Vertical Transmission: Testing andCounseling] Studies found that women experienced increased violence and abandonmentfollowing disclosure.Gap noted, for example, in Uganda (Emusu et al., 2009); Brazil (Silva and Ayres, 2008);and Tanzania (Milay et al., 2008 and Maman et al., 2001a).WHAT WORKS FOR WOMEN AND GIRLS165