to combat discrim<strong>in</strong>ation, although six <strong>in</strong> ten believe ethnic discrim<strong>in</strong>ation is fairly widespread. The population wasdivided on whe<strong>the</strong>r foreigners are treated unfairly <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> labour market. At 85.9%, <strong>the</strong> Portuguese are <strong>the</strong> mostsupportive <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> EU-27 <strong>of</strong> positive action measures <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> labour market based on ethnicity.” MIPEX Report, pp.151,available at: http://www.<strong>in</strong>tegration<strong>in</strong>dex.eu/multiversions/2712/FileName/MIPEX-2006-2007-f<strong>in</strong>al.pdf, accessedon 27.05.2010).25Resolução do Conselho de M<strong>in</strong>istros n.º 63-A/2007. DR 85 SÉRIE I 1º SUPLEMENTO de 2007-05-03, available at:http://www.igualdade.gov.pt/<strong>in</strong>dex.php/pt/menu-legislacao/imigracao/406-resolucao-do-conselho-de-m<strong>in</strong>istrosno-63-a2007(accessed on 27/05/10). Currently, <strong>the</strong> II Plano para a Integração de Migrantes is already under way(<strong>in</strong>formation from <strong>the</strong> editor).26Constitution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Portuguese Republic, available at: http://app.parlamento.pt/site_antigo/<strong>in</strong>gles/cons_leg/Constitution_VII_revisao_def<strong>in</strong>itive.pdf, accessed on 27.05.2010.Article 4 (on Portuguese <strong>citizenship</strong> as a Fundamental pr<strong>in</strong>ciple)All persons whom <strong>the</strong> law or <strong>in</strong>ternational convention consider to be Portuguese citizens shall be such citizens.Article 12 (on <strong>the</strong> Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple <strong>of</strong> universality as a General pr<strong>in</strong>ciple <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fundamental rights <strong>and</strong> duties)1. Every citizen shall enjoy <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>and</strong> be subject to <strong>the</strong> duties enshr<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> this Constitution.2. Bodies corporate shall enjoy such rights <strong>and</strong> be subject to such duties as arecompatible with <strong>the</strong>ir nature.Article 13 (on <strong>the</strong> Pr<strong>in</strong>ciple <strong>of</strong> equality as a General pr<strong>in</strong>ciple <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fundamental rights <strong>and</strong> duties)1. Every citizen shall possess <strong>the</strong> same social dignity <strong>and</strong> shall be equal before <strong>the</strong> law.2. No one shall be privileged, favoured, prejudiced, deprived <strong>of</strong> any right or exempted from any duty on <strong>the</strong> basis<strong>of</strong> ancestry, sex, race, language, place <strong>of</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>, religion, political or ideological beliefs, education, economicsituation, social circumstances or sexual orientation.Article 14 (on <strong>the</strong> Portuguese abroad as a General pr<strong>in</strong>ciple <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fundamental rights <strong>and</strong> duties)Portuguese citizens who f<strong>in</strong>d <strong>the</strong>mselves or who reside abroad shall enjoy <strong>the</strong> state’s protection <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> exercise <strong>of</strong>such rights <strong>and</strong> shall be subject to such duties as are not <strong>in</strong>compatible with <strong>the</strong>ir absence from <strong>the</strong> country.Article 15 (on Foreigners, stateless persons, European citizens as a General pr<strong>in</strong>ciple <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fundamental rights<strong>and</strong> duties)1. Foreigners <strong>and</strong> stateless persons who f<strong>in</strong>d <strong>the</strong>mselves or who reside <strong>in</strong> Portugal shall enjoy <strong>the</strong> same rights<strong>and</strong> be subject to <strong>the</strong> same duties as Portuguese citizens.2. Political rights, <strong>the</strong> exercise <strong>of</strong> public <strong>of</strong>fices that are not predom<strong>in</strong>antly technical <strong>in</strong> nature, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> rights thatthis Constitution <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> law reserve exclusively to Portuguese citizens shall be excepted from <strong>the</strong> provisions <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> previous paragraph.3. With <strong>the</strong> exceptions <strong>of</strong> appo<strong>in</strong>tment to <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>of</strong> President <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Republic, President <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Assembly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Republic, Prime M<strong>in</strong>ister <strong>and</strong> President <strong>of</strong> any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> supreme courts, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> service <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> armed forces <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>diplomatic corps, <strong>in</strong> accordance with <strong>the</strong> law <strong>and</strong> subject to reciprocity, such rights as are not o<strong>the</strong>rwise grantedto foreigners shall apply to citizens <strong>of</strong> Portuguese-speak<strong>in</strong>g states who reside permanently <strong>in</strong> Portugal.4. Subject to reciprocity, <strong>the</strong> law may grant foreigners who reside <strong>in</strong> Portugal <strong>the</strong> rightto vote for <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong> forelection as local councilors.5. Subject to reciprocity, <strong>the</strong> law may also grant citizens <strong>of</strong> European Union Member States who reside <strong>in</strong> Portugal<strong>the</strong> right to vote for <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong> for election as Members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European Parliament.ReferencesAfonso, A.M. (1967), Pr<strong>in</strong>cípios Fundamentais de Organização Política e Adm<strong>in</strong>istrativada Nação, Lisbon: Papelaria Fern<strong>and</strong>es.Appiah, A.K. (2006), “The politics <strong>of</strong> identity”, Daedalus, Journal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> American Academy<strong>of</strong> Arts <strong>and</strong> Sciences, vol.135, no. 4 (Fall 2006), pp. 15-22 (available at: http://ejournals.ebsco.com/direct.asp?ArticleID=43ADAB860B781386ED4A, accessed on26.06.2010)Appiah, A.K. (2008), “Bend<strong>in</strong>g towards Justice”, Journal <strong>of</strong> Human Development <strong>and</strong>Capabilities, vol.9, no.3 pp. 343 – 355 (available at: http://pdfserve.<strong>in</strong>formaworld.com/489591_778384746_901688398.pdf, accessed on 26.06.2010)Baily, J. <strong>and</strong> Collyer, M. (2006), “Introduction: Music <strong>and</strong> Migration”, Journal <strong>of</strong> Ethnic<strong>and</strong> Migration Studies, vol.32, no.2, pp.167-82.Bauman, Z. (1996), “From Pilgrim to Tourist – or a Short History <strong>of</strong> Identity”, <strong>in</strong> Hall, S. <strong>and</strong>du Gay, P. (eds.) 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Cabral, M.V. (2003), “A identidade nacional portuguesa: conteúdo e relevância”, Dados,vol.46, no.3, pp.513-33 (available at: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0011-52582003000300004&script=sci_arttext, accessed on 26.06.2010)Caetano, M. (1941), Problemas da Revolução Corporativa, Lisbon: Editorial Acção.Carvalho, J.S. (1990), Ranchos Folclóricos: A Strategy for Identity Among PortugueseMigrants <strong>in</strong> New Jersey, MA Dissertation, New York: Columbia University.Carvalho, J.S. (2010), “A Importância da Etnomusicologia na Actualidade”, paper presentedat Conferência A Importância da Etnomusicologia na Actualidade, Maputo:Universidade Eduardo Mondlane.Carvalho, M.S.J.C.-R. (1991), Retention <strong>of</strong> Musical Models: Fado Performance amongPortuguese Migrants <strong>in</strong> New York, MA Dissertation, New York: Columbia University.Côrte-Real, M.S.J. (1996), “Sons de Abril: Estilos Musicais e Movimentos de IntervençãoPolítico-Cultural na Revolução de 1974”, Revista Portuguesa de Musicologia,no.6, pp.141-71.Côrte-Real, M.S.J. (2000), Cultural Policy <strong>and</strong> Musical Expression <strong>in</strong> Lisbon <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>transition from Dictatorship to Democracy (1960’s to 1980’s), PhD Dissertation,New York: Columbia University.Côrte-Real, M.S.J. (2002), “Musical Priorities <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cultural Policy <strong>of</strong> Estado Novo”,Revista Portuguesa de Musicologia, no.12, pp.227-52.Côrte-Real, M.S.J. (2005), “Fado e Identidade: reflexões em torno de Amália Rodrigues”,paper presented at 13º Encontro de Musicologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa.Côrte-Real, M.S.J. (2008), “O Fado Menor e as Festividades de Abril em Portugal”, paperpresented at Congresso Internacional Fado: Percursos e Perspectivas, INET,Universidade Nova de Lisboa, CEPCEP, Universidade Católica Portuguesa.Dias, J. (1971), Estudos do Carácter Nacional Português, Lisbon: Junta de Investigaçõesdo Ultramar.Everson, M. (1998), ‘Beyond <strong>the</strong> Bundesverfassungsgericht: On <strong>the</strong> Necessary Cunn<strong>in</strong>g<strong>of</strong> Constitutional Reason<strong>in</strong>g’, European Law Journal, vol.4, no.4, pp.389-410.(available at: http://onl<strong>in</strong>elibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0386.00059/pdf, accessedon 30.06.2010).Ferro, A. (1933), Salazar: O Homem e a sua Obra. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional de Publicidade.Ferro, A. (1946), “Portugal (Prefácio)”, <strong>in</strong> AAVV, Portugal: Breviário da Pátria paraPortugueses Ausentes, Lisbon: SNI, Secretariado Nacional de Informação.Fonseca, A.M. (2008), “Do Carácter Nacional à Expressão das Diferenças Individuais”<strong>in</strong> Lages, M.F. <strong>and</strong> Matos, A.T. (eds.), Portugal: Percursos de Interculturalidade.Desafios à Identidade Vol. IV, Lisbon: Alto Comissariado para a Imigração e DiálogoIntercultural, pp.7- 28.Garnier, C. (1952), Vacances avec Salazar, Paris: Bernard Grasset Éditeur.Garnier, C. (1955), Férias com Salazar, Lisbon: Companhia Nacional Editora.Halfmann, J. (1998), “Citizenship universalism, <strong>migration</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> risks <strong>of</strong> exclusion”,The British Journal <strong>of</strong> Sociology, vol.49, no.4, pp.513-33.Hall, S. <strong>and</strong> du Gay, P. (eds.) (1996), Questions <strong>of</strong> Cultural Identity, London: Sage Publications.Migrações _ #7 _ October 201095
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