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TanzaniaNational overview in English ............................................................ 118National overview in Portuguese ....................................................... 121Summary of violations recorded 2005 ................................................. 124ZambiaNational overview in English ............................................................ 128National overview in Portuguese ....................................................... 131Summary of violations recorded 2005 ................................................. 135ZimbabweNational overview in English ............................................................ 142National overview in Portuguese ....................................................... 148Summary of violations recorded 2005 ................................................. 161The African Media BarometerIntroduction ................................................................................ 170African Media Barometer (Angola) .................................................... 174African Media Barometer (Botswana) .................................................. 190African Media Barometer (Mozambique) .............................................. 208African Media Barometer (Namibia) ................................................... 226African Media Barometer (Swaziland) ................................................. 244African Media Barometer (Zambia) .................................................... 264Monitoring StatisticsTotal alerts issued (1994 - 2005) ........................................................ 282Total alerts issued by country: 2005 ................................................... 282Number of alerts by country/violation, 2005 ........................................ 283African Media Barometer Statistics (Angola) ........................................ 284African Media Barometer Statistics (Botswana) ...................................... 285African Media Barometer Statistics (Mozambique) .................................. 286African Media Barometer Statistics (Namibia) ....................................... 287African Media Barometer Statistics (Swaziland) ..................................... 288African Media Barometer Statistics (Zambia) ........................................ 289Honouring media freedom heroesMISA’s Annual Press Freedom Award .................................................... 290The 2005 winner of the MISA Press Freedom Award ................................. 291Previous winners of the MISA Press Freedom Award ................................. 291Supporting journalists in SADCHow to report an attack on the media ............................................... 295About MISAAbout MISA ................................................................................. 297List of addresses of MISA Chapters ..................................................... 306Appendices1. Windhoek Declaration ................................................................ 3062. Africa Charter on Broadcasting ..................................................... 3093. Africa Media Barometer Score Sheets / Indicators .............................. 3124. Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa ................. 315So This Is Democracy? 2005-6-Media Institute of Southern Africa
Notes on ClassificationThe list and definitions of classifications in “So This Is democracy?” - which makes up thebulk of the content of this book - are assigned to specific categories. Actual alerts issued byMISA are indicated by the ALERT in the top right hand corner of the entry. In all, there areeleven categories:Beaten Bombed CensoredLegislated Detained ExpelledKilled Sentenced ThreatenedVictoryOthersAs indicated above, the categories are arranged in alphabetical order. Below is a description ofeach category. Each category captures a fairly broad range of incidents, and more than just thesingle word it is represented by. Nevertheless, each category is an accurate summation ofincidents that are not too dissimilar with respect to their nature and the manner in which theyaffect the individual media workers and/or the media in general. Except for victory, the categoriesmake up a list of the various types of violations media workers can experience during thecourse of or as a result of their work:KILLED - This tops the list in terms of severity, and there is no need to explainwhy. Included under this category, however, are incidents where journalists havebeen kidnapped or gone missing, and have disappeared. For the purpose of thispublication, that means that any incidents involving the latter will add to the statisticsof this category. The statistic given is for the number of media workers involved, asopposed to the number of incidents reported.BEATEN - This includes incidents where journalists are assaulted, attackedphysically, tortured, or wounded during the course of their work. The statistic givenis for the number of media workers involved.BOMBED - This includes incidents where a home of a journalist or the office of amedia house/outlet/organisation is sabotaged through bombing, arson, vandalism,theft, or is raided or occupied forcibly. The statistic given is for the number ofmedia workers or media organisations involved.DETAINED - This involves a media worker being put behind bars. It can be legalor illegal and includes being sentenced to a jail term or being detained (withoutcharge, incommunicado, preventative, arrest). The statistic given is for the numberof media workers involved.CENSORED - This is where information is suppressed or prevented from beingpublished, or where media workers are somehow or other prevented from gettingtheir information out. It involves straight forward censorship such as a banning, agagging order, order for excisions, preventing the publication of information throughlegislative restrictions, e.g. public officials or the courts, and interdicts, court ordersor civil litigation resulting in the suppression of information. It also involves apublication or broadcaster or programme being shut down or suspended, as well asincidents where equipment and/or materials are confiscated. The statistic given isfor the number of media workers or media organisations involved.So This Is Democracy? 2005-7-Media Institute of Southern Africa
Page 1 and 2: So This Is Democracy?Report on the
Page 3 and 4: AcknowledgementsThis publication re
Page 5: ContentsState of media freedom and
Page 9 and 10: Regional OverviewBy Zoé TitusSpeci
Page 11 and 12: Media freedom statisticsThe total n
Page 13 and 14: The bill lists a large number of it
Page 15 and 16: Recea-se que o julgamento, possa ab
Page 17 and 18: verdadeiramente privados, depois do
Page 19 and 20: Regional OverviewBy Chilombo Mwonde
Page 21 and 22: depression of African economies as
Page 23 and 24: Évastamente evidente que relativam
Page 25 and 26: dos mídias e o tipo de artigos que
Page 27 and 28: National OverviewBy Mário PaivaFre
Page 29 and 30: anteed in the constitution. The mos
Page 31 and 32: Oquadro geral político e legal dos
Page 33 and 34: No mês de Abril o escritório de r
Page 35 and 36: “It is clear that we are working
Page 37 and 38: National OverviewBy Log Raditlhokwa
Page 39 and 40: self-regulatory body and monitor th
Page 41 and 42: Para a melhoria da qualidade da dem
Page 43 and 44: políticos e os grupos das sociedad
Page 45 and 46: · ALERTDate: October 28, 2005Perso
Page 47 and 48: On August 31 2005, Tshepo Molwane,
Page 49 and 50: deportation order after being decla
Page 51 and 52: National OverviewBy Rethabile Pholo
Page 53 and 54: interpretation in the absence of a
Page 55 and 56: de uma nova claúsula que especific
Page 57 and 58:
· ALERTDate: November 11, 2005.Per
Page 59 and 60:
· ALERTDate: May 27, 2005.Persons/
Page 61 and 62:
National OverviewBy Levi Zeleza Man
Page 63 and 64:
and freedom of association. Section
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Radio/TV Station Owner Classificati
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Para os jornalistas e os mídias do
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ConstituiçãoNão houve qualquer e
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* ICR - Igreja Católica Romana* IC
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his lawyers to lodge an appeal with
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National OverviewBy Ericino de Sale
Page 77 and 78:
Apart from these serious cases, the
Page 79 and 80:
Em 2005, os midias massivos continu
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Moçambique realizou no mesmo ano (
Page 83 and 84:
· ALERTDate: November 2005Persons/
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increase caused by this month’s 4
Page 87 and 88:
National OverviewBy Willie OlivierL
Page 89 and 90:
A few days later, National Assembly
Page 91 and 92:
As a result, a licence for a second
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liberdade dos midias, os midias con
Page 95 and 96:
Munyama, foi suspenso e acusado de
Page 97 and 98:
National OverviewBy Paula FrayMedia
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and he smeared us in the process. A
Page 101 and 102:
Opapel da magistratura e dos Mídia
Page 103 and 104:
e o mundo.” Mathatha Tsedu, edito
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cians were interviewed and to deman
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National OverviewBy Vusi SibisiFree
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Parliamentary onslaughtIn February
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Houve muito poucas mudanças relati
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através da realização de cursos
Page 115 and 116:
· ALERTDate: October 16, 2005Perso
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National OverviewBy Vusi SibisiFree
Page 119 and 120:
The weak economic base of media own
Page 121 and 122:
Antes de tomar conhecimento do esta
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Tanzânia terá o mecanismo regulad
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tigate the beating of a Bukuku, Kid
Page 127 and 128:
National OverviewBy Elizabeth Mween
Page 129 and 130:
“with intention to bring the repu
Page 131 and 132:
Registaram-se violações contra a
Page 133 and 134:
As secções 22 até 27 do acto, es
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· ALERTDate: December 19, 2005Pers
Page 137 and 138:
· ALERTDate: July 25, 2005Persons/
Page 139 and 140:
· ALERTDate: April 07, 2005Persons
Page 141 and 142:
National OverviewBy MISA-ZimbabweZi
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tions as mandated under the various
Page 145 and 146:
Article 19 of the International Con
Page 147 and 148:
its network as stipulated in its li
Page 149 and 150:
Todavia, as eleições de Março de
Page 151 and 152:
Esta omissão por parte dos mídias
Page 153 and 154:
Com a aprovação da proposta de le
Page 155 and 156:
e-Mail e endereços residenciais à
Page 157 and 158:
elatórios adversos sobre o ambient
Page 159 and 160:
tinha sido capaz de prosseguir com
Page 161 and 162:
ALERTDate: December 15, 2005Persons
Page 163 and 164:
Date: September 06, 2005Persons/Ins
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communication of falsehoods, which
Page 167 and 168:
Persons/Institutions: Toby Harnden,
Page 169 and 170:
So This Is Democracy? 2005-169-Medi
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society and academia (e.g. human ri
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
ANALYSIS:There are laws that interf
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Sector 2:The media landscape is cha
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SCORES:Individual scores: 1, 1, 1,
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2.12. Government does not use its p
Page 183 and 184:
3.5 The public broadcaster is accou
Page 185 and 186:
sists a trend among some journalist
Page 187 and 188:
elation to rights and opportunities
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
1.2. The right to freedom of expres
Page 193 and 194:
1.7 Civil society in general and me
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
ANALYSIS:According to the Broadcast
Page 201 and 202:
3.6 Persons who have vested interes
Page 203 and 204:
Generally, however, the Press Counc
Page 205 and 206:
As a general rule, salaries for jou
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
1.2. The right to freedom of expres
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
sponsored by IBIS (Danish NGO); and
Page 215 and 216:
2.10 Private media outlets operate
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
3.9 The public broadcaster is techn
Page 221 and 222:
There are some efforts under way to
Page 223 and 224:
(ISPU). Training is also offered by
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
The Namibian Broadcasting Corporati
Page 229 and 230:
thing is that a public outcry must
Page 231 and 232:
2.5 Community broadcasting enjoys s
Page 233 and 234:
Although New Era is increasing its
Page 235 and 236:
The NCC has a policy that requires
Page 237 and 238:
addition, NBC is trying to make all
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Several organisations are offering
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
1.2 The right to freedom of express
Page 247 and 248:
There is no freedom of information
Page 249 and 250:
in the past state police have confi
Page 251 and 252:
2.7 Local and regional independent
Page 253 and 254:
20 percent of the newspaper’s rev
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
SBIS programming is generally diver
Page 259 and 260:
never to be reported on negatively.
Page 261 and 262:
pendently from the government syste
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
1.7 Civil society in general and me
Page 269 and 270:
Although the newspapers are a predo
Page 271 and 272:
ANALYSIS:One view is that governmen
Page 273 and 274:
Sector 3:Broadcasting regulation is
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Sector 4:The media practice high le
Page 279 and 280:
Director and Editor-in-Chief, place
Page 281 and 282:
editor who is not only the advisor
Page 283 and 284:
.Breakdown by country / violationTo
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
The 2005 winner of theMISA Press Fr
Page 293 and 294:
case. Its team of journalists, espe
Page 295 and 296:
How to report an attack on the medi
Page 297 and 298:
About MISAMISA’s Mission, Vision
Page 299 and 300:
1. Freedom of Expression and Right
Page 301 and 302:
List of addresses of MISA ChaptersA
Page 303 and 304:
Fax: 00 (260 1) 292096Resource Cent
Page 305 and 306:
Appendices• Windhoek Declaration
Page 307 and 308:
5. The world-wide trend towards dem
Page 309 and 310:
African Charter on BroadcastingTher
Page 311 and 312:
development agenda, and which is no
Page 313 and 314:
Sector 3 Broadcasting regulation is
Page 315 and 316:
Declaration of Principles on Freedo
Page 317 and 318:
VPrivate Broadcasting1. States shal
Page 319 and 320:
unless there is a real risk of harm
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