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Published byThe Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA)Private Bag 13386, Windhoek, NamibiaTelephone: +264 61 232 975Fax: +264 61 248 016E-mail: research@misa.orgWebsite: http://www.misa.orgLayout & cover designZoé TitusThe Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA)E-mail: research@misa.orgRepro and PrintingJohn Meinert Printing ccWindhoek, NamibiaISBN99916-62-12-X@2006 AD The Media Institute of Southern Africa. All rights reserved.Unauthorised duplication contravenes applicable laws.The views expressed by independent contributors are not necessarily those of MISA.So This Is Democracy? 2005-2-Media Institute of Southern Africa
AcknowledgementsThis publication represents joint effort and in particular a collective input from various diversemedia professionals and researchers in the SADC region. In the first instance we aredeeply grateful to all the individual authors of the country media freedom and freedom ofexpression overviews for their thorough and insightful analyses.MISA’s national chapter Information and Advocacy Officers are the face of MISA at nationallevel - most certainly to those persons who have fallen victim to media freedom and freedom ofexpression violations. These are staff members who go further than document violations, andin many instances offer much needed moral support to journalists.In 2006 for the first time, So This Is Democracy? includes the African Media Barometer (AMB)reports from six SADC countries, i.e. Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Swazilandand Zambia.The AMB, developed by the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) and jointly implemented in SADCby FES and MISA, is the first in-depth and comprehensive description and measurement systemfor national media environments on the African continent. Whereas MISA’s traditionalmonitoring sheds light on the number, context and nature of violations of media freedom andfreedom of expression, the AMB provides insight into civil society perception of media freedom,media content and professionalism.The AMB is a groundbreaking initiative and presents powerful lobbying tools. We thereforehave to say “thank you” to FES for considering MISA as its natural implementing partner inSADC region.Also, a special word of thanks to Sarah Taylor for sharing her excellent copy-editing skills, andJerry dos Santos who coordinated the translation of portions of this booklet into Portuguese.Furthermore, we wish to express sincere appreciation to all our partner organisations and donorswho continue to contribute to the publishing of this annual booklet.As always, we must acknowledge and express gratitude to the International Freedom of ExpressionExchange (IFEX) in Toronto, Canada, which ensures that violations recorded by MISAin southern Africa receive maximum exposure in the international community and in doing so,allow for rapid, world-wide and coordinated response to media freedom and freedom of expressionviolations.So This Is Democracy? 2005-3-Media Institute of Southern Africa
Page 1: So This Is Democracy?Report on the
Page 5 and 6: ContentsState of media freedom and
Page 7 and 8: Notes on ClassificationThe list and
Page 9 and 10: Regional OverviewBy Zoé TitusSpeci
Page 11 and 12: Media freedom statisticsThe total n
Page 13 and 14: The bill lists a large number of it
Page 15 and 16: Recea-se que o julgamento, possa ab
Page 17 and 18: verdadeiramente privados, depois do
Page 19 and 20: Regional OverviewBy Chilombo Mwonde
Page 21 and 22: depression of African economies as
Page 23 and 24: Évastamente evidente que relativam
Page 25 and 26: dos mídias e o tipo de artigos que
Page 27 and 28: National OverviewBy Mário PaivaFre
Page 29 and 30: anteed in the constitution. The mos
Page 31 and 32: Oquadro geral político e legal dos
Page 33 and 34: No mês de Abril o escritório de r
Page 35 and 36: “It is clear that we are working
Page 37 and 38: National OverviewBy Log Raditlhokwa
Page 39 and 40: self-regulatory body and monitor th
Page 41 and 42: Para a melhoria da qualidade da dem
Page 43 and 44: políticos e os grupos das sociedad
Page 45 and 46: · ALERTDate: October 28, 2005Perso
Page 47 and 48: On August 31 2005, Tshepo Molwane,
Page 49 and 50: deportation order after being decla
Page 51 and 52: National OverviewBy Rethabile Pholo
Page 53 and 54:
interpretation in the absence of a
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de uma nova claúsula que especific
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· ALERTDate: November 11, 2005.Per
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· ALERTDate: May 27, 2005.Persons/
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National OverviewBy Levi Zeleza Man
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and freedom of association. Section
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Radio/TV Station Owner Classificati
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Para os jornalistas e os mídias do
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ConstituiçãoNão houve qualquer e
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* ICR - Igreja Católica Romana* IC
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his lawyers to lodge an appeal with
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National OverviewBy Ericino de Sale
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Apart from these serious cases, the
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Em 2005, os midias massivos continu
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Moçambique realizou no mesmo ano (
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· ALERTDate: November 2005Persons/
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increase caused by this month’s 4
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National OverviewBy Willie OlivierL
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A few days later, National Assembly
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As a result, a licence for a second
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liberdade dos midias, os midias con
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Munyama, foi suspenso e acusado de
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National OverviewBy Paula FrayMedia
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and he smeared us in the process. A
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Opapel da magistratura e dos Mídia
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e o mundo.” Mathatha Tsedu, edito
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cians were interviewed and to deman
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National OverviewBy Vusi SibisiFree
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Parliamentary onslaughtIn February
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Houve muito poucas mudanças relati
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através da realização de cursos
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· ALERTDate: October 16, 2005Perso
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National OverviewBy Vusi SibisiFree
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The weak economic base of media own
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Antes de tomar conhecimento do esta
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Tanzânia terá o mecanismo regulad
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tigate the beating of a Bukuku, Kid
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National OverviewBy Elizabeth Mween
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“with intention to bring the repu
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Registaram-se violações contra a
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As secções 22 até 27 do acto, es
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· ALERTDate: December 19, 2005Pers
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· ALERTDate: July 25, 2005Persons/
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· ALERTDate: April 07, 2005Persons
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National OverviewBy MISA-ZimbabweZi
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tions as mandated under the various
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Article 19 of the International Con
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its network as stipulated in its li
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Todavia, as eleições de Março de
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Esta omissão por parte dos mídias
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Com a aprovação da proposta de le
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e-Mail e endereços residenciais à
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elatórios adversos sobre o ambient
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tinha sido capaz de prosseguir com
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ALERTDate: December 15, 2005Persons
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Date: September 06, 2005Persons/Ins
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communication of falsehoods, which
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Persons/Institutions: Toby Harnden,
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So This Is Democracy? 2005-169-Medi
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society and academia (e.g. human ri
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
ANALYSIS:There are laws that interf
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Sector 2:The media landscape is cha
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SCORES:Individual scores: 1, 1, 1,
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2.12. Government does not use its p
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3.5 The public broadcaster is accou
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sists a trend among some journalist
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elation to rights and opportunities
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1.2. The right to freedom of expres
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1.7 Civil society in general and me
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Page 197 and 198:
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ANALYSIS:According to the Broadcast
Page 201 and 202:
3.6 Persons who have vested interes
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Generally, however, the Press Counc
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As a general rule, salaries for jou
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1.2. The right to freedom of expres
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sponsored by IBIS (Danish NGO); and
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2.10 Private media outlets operate
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3.9 The public broadcaster is techn
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There are some efforts under way to
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(ISPU). Training is also offered by
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The Namibian Broadcasting Corporati
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thing is that a public outcry must
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2.5 Community broadcasting enjoys s
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Although New Era is increasing its
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The NCC has a policy that requires
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addition, NBC is trying to make all
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Several organisations are offering
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1.2 The right to freedom of express
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There is no freedom of information
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in the past state police have confi
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2.7 Local and regional independent
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20 percent of the newspaper’s rev
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SBIS programming is generally diver
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never to be reported on negatively.
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pendently from the government syste
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1.7 Civil society in general and me
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Although the newspapers are a predo
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ANALYSIS:One view is that governmen
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Sector 3:Broadcasting regulation is
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Sector 4:The media practice high le
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Director and Editor-in-Chief, place
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editor who is not only the advisor
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.Breakdown by country / violationTo
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Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
The 2005 winner of theMISA Press Fr
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case. Its team of journalists, espe
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How to report an attack on the medi
Page 297 and 298:
About MISAMISA’s Mission, Vision
Page 299 and 300:
1. Freedom of Expression and Right
Page 301 and 302:
List of addresses of MISA ChaptersA
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Fax: 00 (260 1) 292096Resource Cent
Page 305 and 306:
Appendices• Windhoek Declaration
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5. The world-wide trend towards dem
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African Charter on BroadcastingTher
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development agenda, and which is no
Page 313 and 314:
Sector 3 Broadcasting regulation is
Page 315 and 316:
Declaration of Principles on Freedo
Page 317 and 318:
VPrivate Broadcasting1. States shal
Page 319 and 320:
unless there is a real risk of harm
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