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AGRONOMIJAS VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008emerged, and this can explained by reduced metabolic activity and PAM fluorescence. The greatestinfluence of leaf rank on Ft, Fm, Y and ETR was observed for ‘Melsviai’.Applied regression analysis of fluorescence parameters revealed a strong and statisticallysignificant parabolic relationship (0.78145≤η≤0.97385) with leaf rank. The second degree parabolaregression model was chosen to describe the estimated function between leaf rank and Ft, Fm, Yand ETR (Fig. 1). Leaf rank explained variations of Ft by 60.3-86.0 %, Fm by 67.2-84.9 % and Yand ETR by 62.5-94.8 %.0,6001,000Ft0,4000,2000,0001 2 3 4 5 6Leaf rankFm0,5000,0001 2 3 4 5 6Leaf rankY0,4000,3000,2000,1000,0001 2 3 4 5 6Leaf rankETR150,0100,050,00,01 2 3 4 5 6Laukiai Vidmantai Leaf rank MelsviaiFigure 1. Fluorescence parameters of galega’ cultivarsSince 2000 ‘Vidmantai’, 2001 ‘Melsviai’ and ‘Laukiai’ have been included in the NationalVariety List (2001; 2002) and have been sent for DUS testing in 2006.ConclusionsDuring period 1986-2000 the new cultivars ‘Vidmantai’, ‘Melsviai’ and ‘Laukiai’ of foddergalega with valuable agrobiological peculiarities were bred in Lithuania and included in theNational List from 2000 and 2001. The cultivar ‘Melsviai’ due to the tallest stems (137 cm) hasthe highest yield of GM (60.4 t ha -1 ) and DM (13.9 t ha -1 ). The least productive of medium heightcultivars was ‘Vidmantai’. The smallest cultivar ‘Laukiai‘ produced the highest number of seedper pod and seed yield (0.61 t ha -1 ). Winterhardness for the best is ‘Laukiai’. ‘Vidmantai’ is theearliest ripening cultivar compared with ‘Laukiai‘, and ‘Melsviai’. Its maturity average lasts 110days. The content of crude protein of ‘Vidmantai’ is 2.2 g kg -1 higher than ‘Laukiai‘, but 0.9 g kg -1less than ‘Melsviai’.It was established that a strong and statistically significant parabolic curve of different leafranks depends on fluorescence indices. Their mean values significantly increased with increasingleaf age up to the 3 rd leaf rank and decreased from the 4 th leaf rank of all the examined varieties.Measurements of photosynthetic efficiency for genotype comparison should be performed on the3 rd leaf rank. The greatest influence of leaf rank on Ft, Fm, Y and ETR between cultivars wasobserved for ‘Melsviai’.References1. Adamovics, A. (2000) Research on Productive Longevity and Photosynthesis Activity in FodderGalega–grass Mixture. In The Results of Long–term field Experiments in Baltic States, Jelgava, 11–18.2. Baležentien÷, L., Spruogis, V., B÷čius, V. (1998) Fodder galega- new valuable crop in Lithuania.Biologija, 1, 11-12.3. Baležentien÷, L., Spruogis, V. (1999) Bio-morphological evaluation of fodder galega (Galega orientalisLam.) F 4 selection populations// Biologija, 3, 17-19.4. Baležentien÷, L., Spruogis, V., Juknevičius, S. (2003) Rytinių ožiarūčių (Galega orientalis Lam.)pašarin÷s vert÷s tyrimas, Vagos, 59 (12), 23-29.86
AGRONOMIJAS VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 20085. Buivydait÷, V.V., Vaičys, M. (2001) Naujoji Lietuvos dirvožemių klasifikacija: Monografija. -V.:Lietuvos mokslas, 32, 281-331, 1075-1085.6. Collen, A. M., Jarl, C. I. (1999) Comparision of different methods for plant regeneration andtransformation of the legume Galega orientalis Lam. (goat‘s rue), Plant cell rep.-Berlin, 19 (1), 13-19.7. Khanizadeh, S., DeEll, J.R., Rekika, D. (2004) Potential use of chlorophyll fluorescence in fruitbreeding. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 663: XI Eucarpia Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics,Angers, France.8. Lapinskas, E. (1998) Biologinio azoto fiksavimas ir nitraginas, Vilnius, 218.9. Lhunan, T. (1998), The value of clover and other forage legumes in Norway, Planterforsk, 1/98, 13-17.10. Nadiožkin, S.M., Kšnikatnika, A.N., Galiullin, A.A. (1999), Dinamics of organic compound andbiological activity of galega, Agroch., 2, 26-30 (in Russian)11. Prokofieva, I., Zaitseva, T. (1999) Galega variety Antei, Buletin informative, Respublic Moldova, 6,1-4.12. Radenovič, B. (1996) Galega orientalis Lam. variety Gale new legume protein and perennial fodder cropin FR Yugoslavia, 16th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, Grado, 2-5.13. Raig H. (1982) Experience with a newly introduced fodder plant - Galega orientalis Lam. - in the EstoniaSSR, Tallinn, 15.14. Schreiber, U. (1997) Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic energy conversion, Walz, 73.15. Šlepetys, J. (2003) Rytinių ožiarūčių ilgaamžiškumas auginant juos pašarui ir s÷klai nukastoježemapelk÷je, Žemdirbyst÷, 4, 84.MELNO GRAUDU (IER. CLAVICEPS PURPUREA) EPIDEMIOLOĂIJAEPIDEMIOLOGY OF ERGOT (CAUSED BY CLAVICEPS PURPUREA)1 Bankina B., 2 Priekule I., 3 Kokare A., 3 Kronberga A., 1 LapiĦš D.1 Latvijas Lauksaimniecības universitāte, Augsnes un augu zinātĦu institūts, Lielā -2, Jelgava.Tel: +371 3021985 e-pasts: Biruta.Bankina@llu.lv2 Latvijas augu aizsardzības pētniecības centrs, 3 Valsts PriekuĜu laukaugu selekcijas institūtsAbstractErgot of triticale and rye is caused by Claviceps purpurea (Fries: Fries) Tulasne; anamorphSphacelia segetum.Voluminous observations were done in commercial fields of rye in Latvia (2005 – 2006).Agroecological factors – vegetation in surrounding areas, crop rotation, sowing density and othersfactors were described. Peculiarities of C. purpurea development were clarified in semi-field trials.Statistically significant infection levels were observed in various field location. Moresclerotia were found near a field margin (> 1 m) in comparison with zones more deep in the field(at least 30 m from field margin). The density of pollens, the accumulation of natural sources ofinfection determine “side effects”. Separate harvesting of field borders (3-4 m zone) couldsignificantly decrease ergot admixture in the yield. Delayed development of side tillers is a verysignificant factor increasing the incidence of sclerotia. Optimal crop management is important toavoid ergot occurrence in rye and triticale. Density of sowings affects disease development. Ryepre-crops affected the ergot infection level.Significant differences between cultivars (testing in natural and artificial infectionconditions) were not established. Higher ergot incidence was observed in hybrid and tetraploidcultivars; this is due to the different morphology of pollens and the peculiarities of theirdevelopment.Sclerotia germination was noted in the beginning of May, but peritheciums with asco sporesdeveloped considerably later. The release of the first mature asco spores was observed only in themiddle of June (2006) therefore the infection period is a loge one - from the end of May till the endof June.Key wordsRye, triticale, ergot, incidence87
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