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<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008The new cultivars ‘Vidmantai’, ‘Laukiai‘ and ‘Melsviai‘ belong to Galega orientalis Lam.,whose specific English name is fodder galega (reg. No 70972, ID 495682-1). Galega orientalis isincluded in the ‘ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names’ (1988). The cultivars of fodder galega‘Vidmantai’, ‘Laukiai‘ and ‘Melsviai‘ were bred by applying group and individual selection ofprogeny from the populations of wild ecotypes collected in different natural habitats (Baležentien÷et al., 1999; Collen et al., 1999). The initial material was obtained from the Estonian ResearchInstitute of Agriculture. In order to study and select valuable genotypes from the collection andnurseries the accessions were planted by seedlings (20 x 30 cm) in 2 replications. Seeds of theselected plants the following year were tested in F 1 , later- in F 2 , F 3 and F 4 of the selectionpopulation’s nurseries, control nurseries and in replicated yield trials. Before sowing the seeds wereinoculated with Rhizobium galegae, containing the active strain 740 R (Lapinskas, 1998).Chlorophyll a fluorescence was measured in situ at the flowering stage in 4 replications forevery leaf rank. The steady-state fluorescence yield (Ft) in the light and maximum fluorescenceyield (Fm) during the light flash were recorded by chlorophyll a fluorometer diving-PAM-200 andused to determine the quantum yield of electron transport (Y) (Schreiber, 1997).Plants in the nurseries of selection populations were observed for development stages andbiometrical data. The chemical composition of the cultivar’s dry matter (DM) was analysed at theAgrochemical laboratory by near infra-red rays (NIR) computer analyzer (PSCO/ISI IBM-PC4250). The level statistical confidence, interactions between the initial Ft, Fm and estimated Y andETR data were calculated by the methods of variance and regression analysis using the statisticalpackage STATISTICA of StatSoft for Windows standards.Results and DiscussionThe stem height of cultivars was different and ranged between 118-130 cm (Table 1). Theleafy stems grow upright, have 8-17 nodes with compound odd-pinnate leaves, made of 4-6 pairs ofegg-shaped leaflets. 68-82 distinct lilac flowers are clustered into raceme. Full flowering starts inthe second year of growth. Hanging pods are indehiscent, stride, a little crooked, sharp ended,yellowy brown with a green shade, 4.0 x 0.3 cm size. There are 4-5, 5 and 7-8 seeds in a pod of‘Vidmantai’, ‘Melsviai’ and ‘Laukiai’ respectively.Table 1. Morphological characteristics of the cultivars ‘Vidmantai’, ‘Laukiai‘ and ‘Melsviai‘Indices ‘Vidmantai’ ‘Laukiai‘ ‘Melsviai‘Leaflets Egg-shaped, , inferior side withshort lie tomentumWide, egg-shaped, inferior sidewith short lie tomentumNarrow, egg-shaped, withshort lie tomentum only onLeavesStemFloresPodSeedsOdd-pinnate with 5 - 6 leafletpairs and two stipule, petiolewith short lie tomentum124 cm, upright, with short lietomentum, with 8 nodes68-70 bluish violet floresclustered into clusterAverage 15 pods per plant with4-5 seed3.5 – 4.0 mm, oblong greenishbrownOdd-pinnate with 4-5 leafletpairs and two stipule, petiolewith short lie tomentum118 cm, upright, withouttomentum, with 10 nodes77-80 bluish violet floresclustered into clusterAverage 36 pods per plant with7-8 seed3.6 – 4.1 mm, oblong greenishbrownveinsOdd-pinnate with 5 - 6leaflet pairs and twostipule, slightly glossylower side130 cm, upright, withouttomentum, with 17 nodes78 – 82 distinct violetflores clustered into clusterAverage 46 pods per plantwith 5 seed3.6- 4.1 mm, oblonggreenish brownThe highest average weight 8.13 g of 1000 seeds was determined of ‘Melsviai’ (Table 2).Cultivars fodder galega as distinct from lucerne had a significant quality to crop stable seed yield inthe agro-climatic environment of Lithuania. The shortest duration of seed yield ripening lasted for‘Vidmantai’ on average 110 days, but the vegetative growth season is long (April-October).Fodder galega is distinguished by rich leafy: ’Vidmantai’ – 47, ‘Melsviai’ – 51 and ‘Laukiai’– 57 % that guarantee a stable and heavy DM and GM yield. The highest content of DM -12.66 t ha–1was determined in the ‘Melsviai’, the least –12.10 t ha –1 of ‘Laukiai’.84
<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008The new forage cultivar ‘Vidmantai’ with medium stem high (127.3) in comparisan with‘Laukiai‘ and ‘Melsviai‘ produce of the least yield of green material (51.6 t ha -1 ). ‘Melsviai’ growthe tallest stems therefore had the largest number of nodules as well as leaves and the highest yieldof GM (60.4 t ha -1 ) and DM ( 139.9 t ha -1 ).The average plant height - 127.3 cm, high resistance to plant lodging (4.1 point) and seedscattering (9.0 point) as well as winterhardness (8.8 point) of ‘Vidmantai’ have been established.Table 2. Agrobiological features of fodder galega cultivarsParameter Cultivars 1998 1999 2000 Average LSD 05GM yield, t ha -1 ‘Vidmantai ‘‘Laukiai‘‘Melsviai‘51.756.458.656.960.262.654.658.160.351.658.260.45.916.845.12DM yield, t ha -1 ‘Vidmantai ‘‘Laukiai‘‘Melsviai‘Seed yield, t ha -1 ‘Vidmantai ‘‘Laukiai‘‘Melsviai‘Weight of 1000 seeds, g ‘Vidmantai ‘‘Laukiai‘‘Melsviai‘Crude protein, g kg -1 ‘Vidmantai ‘‘Laukiai‘‘Melsviai‘Maturity, day ‘Vidmantai ‘‘Laukiai‘‘Melsviai‘Plant height, cm ‘Vidmantai ‘‘Laukiai‘‘Melsviai‘Lodging resistance (1-5 score) ‘Vidmantai ‘‘Laukiai‘‘Melsviai‘Scattering resistance (1-9 score) ‘Vidmantai ‘‘Laukiai‘‘Melsviai‘Winterhardness (1-9 score) ‘Vidmantai ‘‘Laukiai‘‘Melsviai‘12.113.113.50,590.610.597.986.838.29215.8211.7249.61121141151261181374.64.74.39.08.78.912.013.314.30.610.620.588.116.617.97221.3220.4223.61101121131291171383.84.54.08.99.19.012.213.213.80.600.620.578.107.148.14216.0216.1257.31091101121281201364.04.34.29.08.98.912.113.213.90.600.610.588.066.868.13218.3220.1243.51101121131271191374.14.54.29.08.98.91.010.940.980.0230.0190.0210.6870.6410.63520.0819.6920.106.325.946.039.038.768.680.850.790.910.840.790.86The dry matter of fodder galega ‘Vidmantai’ is distinguished by high protein content. Crudeprotein content averages 219.0 g kg -1 . The content of other important chemical substances, feedunits (average 0.85 un. kg -1 ) and digestible protein (average 174.8 g kg -1 ) established high ratesalso. The chemical composition of others cultivars is similar.The newly created cultivars of fodder galega are a universal type of cultivar. They can begrown for all kinds of forage, green manure used for the preservation and improvement of soils.‘Vidmantai’, ‘Melsviai’ and ‘Laukiai’ are tap-rooted herbs which spread and propagate in avegetative way as well as by seeds. The cultivars are highly resistant to diseases and pests.According to the Tukey HSD test statistically significant differences between the Y and ETRwere in ‘Laukiai’ and ‘Melsviai’ (p=0.01011), but after the Fisher LSD test statistically significantdifferences were determined among Melsviai and other cultivars: ‘Vidmantai’ (p=0.04364) and‘Laukiai’ (p=0.00189). The average mean of Ft (0.421) and Fm (0.613) were determined for thecultivar Vidmantai, Y (0.290) and ETR (104.9) – of Laukiai. Statistically significant influence ofleaf ranks on Ft and Fm mean values confirm both applied tests. Ft, Fm, Y and ETR increased withleaf rank up to the 3 rd . The older leaves (the 4 th – 6 th rank) begun to wither, necrotic lesions8.18.08.09.59.49.48.78.88.98.88.58.80.740.680.8185
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