AGRONOMIJAS VĒSTIS - Latvijas Lauksaimniecības universitāte

AGRONOMIJAS VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008it is leached, since K, Ca and Mg are antagonists. The percolating water leaches down into subsoilseveral times less of Mg 2+ than that of Ca 2+ , since the contents of absorbed and total magnesium inthe soil are far lower than those of calcium. The leaching of Mg 2+ ions directly correlates with Ca 2+leaching (Ežerinskas, 1995; Čiuberkien÷ and Ežerinskas, 2000).Phosphorus is one of the least mobile elements in the soil and not more than 1 kg ha -1 of itis leached into the subsoil with percolating water per year (Balzarevičien÷, 1978, Ušakova, 1987).Less potassium is leached from the soil compared with the other cations (Ca +2 , Mg +2 ).Some researchers report that with higher potassium fertilization rates, potassium leaching increases(Ušakova, 1987). However, research done by J. Balzarevičien÷ on irrigated grassland indicates thatthe concentration of potassium ions in drainage water depended only on its reserves in the soil, andvarious other factors did not change its concentration in drainage water (Balzarevičien÷, 1978).The objective of the present paper was to assess the effects of different soil genesis underchanged environmental conditions on the concentration of biogenic elements in lysimetric water.Materials and MethodsThe experimental materials included 10 different soils, chosen according to differentgenesis and their texture, the most prevalent in the following sites of Lithuania: East Lithuania – 1.Trakai Vok÷ (Entri-Endohypergleyic Arenosols ARg-n-h-eu, sandy loam on gravel, pH 5.9); 2.Dubingiai (Orthieutric Planosols PLe-o, sandy loam on loam, pH 6.2); South Lithuania – 1. Perloja(Hapli-Albic Arenosols, ARa-ha, sand, pH 5.1); Central Lithuania – 1. Dotnuva (Endocalcar-Endohypogleyic Cambisols- CMg-n-w-can, loam, pH 7.1), 2. Upyt÷ (Endocalcar- EndohypogleyicCambisols CMg-n-w-can, loam, pH 7.4), 3. Rumokai (Bathihypogleyic- Calc(ai)ic Luvisols LVkgld-w,clay, pH 6.4); West Lithuania – 1. Samališk÷s (Orthidystric Albeluvisols ABd-o, light loam,pH 5.2), 2. V÷žaičiai (Dystri – Epihypogleyic Albeluvisols ABg-p-w-dy, light loam, pH 5.2), 3.V÷žaičiai (Bathihypogleyi- Albic Luvisols LVa-gld-w, loam, carbonates on 80 cm to depth, pH 6.0),4. Juknaičiai (Orthi-Endohypogleyic Podzols PZg-n-h-et, sandy loam on loam, pH 5.6),Soil monoliths (120 cm in height and 100 cm in diameter), without disturbing structure,were taken by the chisel method in metal cylinders in three replications from cultivated fields andwere delivered to the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture’s V÷žaičiai Branch. Cylinders with themonoliths were put into tubes whose diameters were 20 cm larger than those of cylinders, at thebottom of the tube on the concreted funnel shape there was set up drainage layer of washed sandand gravel for the collection of lysimetric water. The bottom of the tubes with the drainage presentwere connected by a flexible tube with tipping over measurer fitted in the underground gallerydesigned to measure the amount of lysimetric water and to take water samples.The paper presents the data of the 1 st and 2 nd rotations of the five-course crop rotation(1992-2003). Crop rotation crops: winter wheat, row crops (potatoes, fodder beet), spring rape,barley + undersowing, perennial grasses. A plant we shall raise with the accepted technology inLithuania.Lysimetric water analyses were carried out 4 times a year. Experimental data were groupedinto separate seasons according to the peculiarities of lysimetric water formation. Winter period, inwhich precipitation was recorded as snow. Spring period – active soil washing. The first andsecond halves of summer when the effects of fertilization and other human activities revealthemselves on the amount of leached elements. Late autumn period – the effect of plant residuemineralization. Annual and long-term means of the data were derived from separate periods.Lysimetric water was analysed for cation (Ca ++ , Mg ++ , K + ) and anion (SO 4- - , NO 3 - , Cl - )concentrations. Chemical analyses of water were determined by standard methods ∗ .The scatter of the statistical data of the experiment is characterised by standard errors,relationships between factors by regression and correlation analysis methods. Errors of theexperimental data were calculated by analysis of variance (Tarakanovas, 1999; Tarakanovas and∗ Lietuvos žemdirbyst÷s institute taikomų cheminių ir mikrobiologinių dirvožemio ir augalų analizių metodųapibendrinimas. Kameralinių darbų ataskaita 1996-1999 m. (Mašinraštis). Dotnuva, 1999, 130 p.Summary of chemical and microbiological soil and plant analyses methods applied at the Lithuanian Instituteof Agriculture. Report on chamber work 1996-1999 (typescript). Dotnuva, 1999, 130p.38