AGRONOMIJAS VÄSTIS - Latvijas LauksaimniecÄ«bas universitÄte

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<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008palielinātas augsnes pretestības no 20 - 25 cm miežu stiebrošanas fāzē palielināja mitruma pozitīvoietekmi, tad 2005.g. konstatēta pretēja sakarību izmaiĦa.x 1 , soil moisture2005. 2006.40 - 45 cm, 14.06.20 - 25 cm,14.06.0 - 5 cm, 14.06.40 - 45 cm, 15.06.20 - 25 cm, 15.06.0 - 5 cm, 15.06.-0,60 -0,40 -0,20 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00Values of correlation coefficientwhere: x1 - soil moisture; x3 - barley yield; x2 - soil penetration resistanceR x1 x3 R x1x3 . X2.9. att. Augsnes mitruma ietekmes uz miežu ražu izmaiĦu raksturojums ar parciālo lineārokorelāciju koeficientu palīdzību R x 1 x 3 • x 2 , izslēdzot augsnes pretestības, x 2, ietekmi.Figure 9. Characteristics of soil moisture influence on spring barley yield by coefficient of partial linearcorrelation analogy R x 1 x 3 • x 2 , excluding influence of soil penetration resistance x2g cm -31,651,601,551,501,451,409,10 17,42 21,39Soil moisture, %10. att. Sakarības starp sakārtas blīvumu, g cm -3 , un augsnes mitrumu, %,aramkārtā vidēji 2005. - 2006.g.Figure 10. Connections between soil bulk density, g cm -3 , and soil moisture, %, average in topsoil from2005-2006.Atzīstot, ka multifunkcionālas sakarības pastāvēja ne tikai starp augsnes mitrumu, miežuražu un augsnes pretestību, bet arī augsnes sakārtas blīvumu un augsnes mitrumu (10. att.),jākonstatē, ka šo sakarību raksturošanai lietojama parciālā korelatīvo sakarību analīze. Vairākpiemērota pielietojamā augšĦu apstākĜu izpētē ir penetrometriskās pretestības pētījumi, kasnodrošina lielāku mērījumu skaitu un līdz ar to arī iespēju iegūt rezultātus ar augstāku ticamībaspakāpi.Secinājumi2005. un 2006.g. ar krasi izteiktu mitruma deficītu augsnē vasaras miežu cerošanas fāzēslaikā un pēc tās, augsnes mitrums sējumā bija būtiski zemāks visos noteiktajos dziĜumos no 0 - 45cm nekā variantos bez augiem.Konstatēts būtisks augsnes penetrometriskās pretestības palielinājums vasaras miežusējumā abos gados sākot ar miežu stiebrošanas fāzi salīdzinājumā ar novērojumiem, kuri izpildītivariantos bez augiem.Sakarību starp augsnes mitrumu un penetrometrisko pretestību raksturo lineāras korelatīvassakarības, bet starp augsnes mitrumu, augsnes penetrometrisko pretestību un ražu –multifunkcionālas, kas nosaka parciālo korelāciju sakarību izpētes lietderību.36
<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008Izmantotā literatūra1. Lapins D., Berzins A., Kopmanis J., Melngalvis I., Sanzarevska R. (2005) Possibilities of soil tillage andsowing technologies optimizations in spring barley // Latvian Journal of Agronomy, Nr. 8, Jelgava, 211 –215.2. Lapins D., Vilde A., Berzins A., Plume A., Rucins A. (2006) Investigations in Precision Agriculture inLatvia Studies of Soil Properties and Tillage / Soil Management for Sustainability, Advances in Geology 38 /A cooperation Series of the International Union of Soil Science / Reiskirchen, Kiel, 223 – 232.THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOIL GENESIS ON THE CONCENTRATION OFBIOGENIC ELEMENTS IN LYSIMETRIC WATERKatutis K., Repsiene R., Baltramaityte D.Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture’s V÷žaičiai Branch, V÷žaičiai, Klaip÷da district, Lithuania, LT-96216, phone: +370 46458233, e-mail: filialas@vezaiciai.lzi.ltAbstractLysimetric experiments were set up at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture’s V÷žaičiai in1992. The article summarises the experimental data generated during 1992-2003. Our experimentalevidence suggests that the concentration of biogenic elements in lysimetric water depends on soilgenesis and texture. Podzolization processes are more intensive in West and East Lithuania’s soilscompared with those in Central Lithuania. More rapid leaching of biogenic elements occurs onlighter-textured soils compared with heavier-textured soils. The largest amount of biogenicelements is leached during the winter – spring period when percolation of excess water through thesoil occurs. The concentration of calcium ions in lysimetric water out of the tested (Ca ++ , Mg ++ , K + )cations was the highest (90.1 – 160.1 mg kg -1 ), that of magnesium made up 11 %, and that ofpotassium 3 %, when calculating from the total amount of cations tested.The concentration of sulphate (SO 4- - ) ions in lysimetric water was determined to be thehighest out of the tested (SO 4- - , NO 3 - , Cl - ) anions ranging from 61.2 mg kg -1 in Juknaičiai Podzolsto 70.7 mg kg -1 in Dubingiai Planosols. The concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 - ) in lysimetricwater was found to be markedly higher than that of potassium or magnesium, but lower than that ofsulphates, ranging from 31.9 mg kg -1 in V÷žaičiai Bathihypogleyi- Albic Luvisols to 66.2 mg kg -1 inRumokai Bathihypogleuic- Calc(ai)ic Luvisols. The total concentration of the ions tested in thelysimetric water ranged from 278.2 mg kg -1 (in Juknaičiai) to 599.0 mg kg -1 (in V÷žaičiai).Key wordsLysimetric water, biogenic elements, leaching, soilIntroductionA leaching moisture regime is characteristic of Lithuania’s soils, gravitational waterpercolates through the soil to the ground water table annually. Due to this the movement of varioussubstances, including such elements-biophylls as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and others, from surfaceaccumulative horizons into the subsoil horizons occurs. Many Lithuanian and foreign authors whoinvestigated the leaching of biogenic elements from the soils differing in genesis indicate that thelargest amounts (75-80 %) of the most important nutrients are leached from light-textured, wellcultivatedcalcareous loamy soils during the winter-spring period. The contents of calcium,magnesium and sulphur leached are determined not by the amount of water percolated, but by thecontents of these elements in the soil. The migration of nutrients into deeper soil layers depends onthe amount of precipitation, the anthropogenic activity as well as on the plant species (Herbst andStumpe, 1984; Mažvila et al., 1992; Ežerinskas, 1995; Tyla, 1995; Umarova et al., 1996;Čiuberkien÷ and Ežerinskas, 2000; Gaigalis and Račkauskait÷, 2001).Calcium is a readily leached element. The findings of many researchers suggest that theconcentrations of Ca 2+ ions in lysimetric water were found to be the highest (Adomaitis et al.,2002; Ežerinskas, 1995; Čiuberkien÷ and Ežerinskas, 2000). When the soil solution contains highcontents of calcium and potassium ions, assimilation of magnesium by plants becomes poorer and37
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