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AGRONOMIJAS VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008HORTICULTUREGENETIC MATERIAL HOMOGENIZATION OF LATGALES MELONSLATGALES MELOĥU ĂENĒTISKĀ MATERIĀLA HOMOGENIZĀCIJABāliĦš A. 1 , AlsiĦa I. 1 , Lepse L. 2 , RuĦăis D. 31 LUA, Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, e-mail: balins.andris@inbox.lv2 Pūres Horticulture Research Centre, 3 Latvian State Forestry Research Institute "Silava"KopsavilkumsPagājušā gadsimta vidū Daugavpils rajona Dvietes pagastā pazīstamais vīnoguselekcionārs Pauls Sukatnieks izveidoja vairākas Latvijas agroklimatiskajiem apstākĜiempiemērotas šėirnes. Tomēr neorganizētas sēklaudzēšanas dēĜ šīs šėirnes savstarpēji saziedējās arcitām Latvijā ievestām šėirnēm un pakāpeniski izvirta. Pateicoties dārzkopju – entuazistu unpētnieku darbam (Ē. PiĜka, U. Dēėens, I. Drudze), šis unikālais ăenētiskais materiāls tika saglabāts.Kopš 2003. gada Pūres dārzkopības Izmēăinājumu Stacijā tiek veikta Latgales meloĦu populācijasizvērtēšana un atjaunošana, veidojot tuvradniecisku krustojumu un inbredās līnijas.Tuvradnieciskās krustošanas un inbredizācijas mērėis ir homogenizēt pieejamo ăenētiskomateriālu, sadalot to ăenētiski un morfoloăiski atšėirīgos genotipos. 2006. gadā, izmantojot 15mikrosatelītu marėierus, molekulārajās analīzēs noteikta 3 dažādu Latgales meloĦu līniju un 5Dienvideiropas šėirĦu savstarpējā ăenētiskā saistība. Latgales meloĦu līnijai 5(2) bija augstākāvidējā augĜu masa no auga, lielākie augĜi, kā arī biezāks augĜa mīkstums. Pārējos mērījumos labākirezultāti novēroti Dienvideiropas meloĦu šėirnēm. Ăenētiski vistuvākā Dienvideiropas meloĦušėirnēm bija Latgales meloĦu līnija ‘8’.AbstractIn the middle of the last century in the region of Daugavpils the well known grape breeder- Pauls Sukatnieks bred several melon (Cucumis melo L.) varieties. He also developed the openfield growing system for these vegetables in Latvia. These varieties were sustainable for theagroclimatic conditions of Latvia – low night temperature, a short period of high temperatures andhigh air humidity. During several decades these genotypes were destroyed because of the crosspollinatingof different varieties. This unique genetic material was saved by the gardener Ē. PiĜka,and the scientists U. Dēėens and I. Drudze. Since 2003, the renovation of Latgale’s melons wasstarted in the Pūre Horticultural Research Station. Since 2003, inbreeding and sibling has beencarried out. The aim of the investigation is to homogenize the genetic material of Latgale’s melons.In 2006, the genetic distance between 3 lines of Latgale’s melons and 5 South European varietieswas detected by using 15 microsattelite markers. The highest average fruit weight, the largestfruits, bigger thickness of fruit flesh was observed on Latgales melon line ‘5(2)’. South Europemelons were better in other measurements. Genetically the closest to the South Europe varietieswas Latgale’s melons line ‘8!’.Key wordsCucumis melo, inbred lines, cross-pollination, microsattelitesIntroductionMelons Cucumis melo L. are widely cultivated plants originating from South Asia and thecentral part of Africa. From these regions (mostly from South Asia) melons have spread around theworld (Белик, 1998; Лебедева, 2000). Many melon varieties were selected by humans in the sincestart of melon cultivation (IPGRI, 2003). The melons require high and substrate temperatures. Therecommended sum of effective temperatures (temperature ≥ +10°C) for melon growth is 3000-5000°C (Taranovs, 1968). One of the famous melon growers in Latvia was Pauls Sukatnieks. Heworked in Dviete, Latgale’s region, and bred such varieties as ‘Dvietes Oranžā’ and ‘Dvietes202
AGRONOMIJAS VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008Banānu’. P. Sukatnieks also developed the growing systems for melons in Latvia (Sukatnieks,1954). The varieties bred by him were sustainable for Latvia’s agroclimatic conditions. Thesevarieties were of a very short vegetation period, and produced a good yield also in rainy summers(Sukatnieks, 1954). The aim of the research was to determine the morphological and geneticdistance between Latgales melon lines and the southern European varieties.Materials and MethodsThe melons were grown in the Pūre Horticultural Research Station in the Tukums region.The research was done in 2006. Three lines (‘5(2)’, ‘4(3)!!!’, ‘8!’) of Latgale’s melon and fiveSouth Europe varieties (‘Honey Dew Orange Flesh’, ‘Tendral Verde Negro’, ‘Jaune Canaris’,‘Gros Pecoud’, ‘Cantaloup de Bellegarde’) were included in the investigation. The South Europevarieties were used for comparison with Latgale’s melons morphologically and on the molecularlevel. For these melons we choose IPGRI descriptors for melons as these were best for thecomparison of morphological features. For every variety, five plants were evaluated. The melonswere sown on April 22 in pots of 8 cm diameter, in peat substrate with pH KCl2 5.5±0.5, N – 100-140mg kg -1 , P 2 O 5 – 110-170 mg kg -1 , and K 2 O – 190-290 mg kg -1 . The seedlings were grown in pots ina plastic tunnel till May 28. Plants were planted in a plastic tunnel in a peat substrate with 0.8 mdensity. During the time of the investigation the melons were regularly watered and every secondweek fertilized with Ca (NO 3 ) 2 (1200 g m -3 water) and with ‘Kemira’ 10:10:20 (1750 g m -3 water).The following parameters were measured to compare Latgale’s melons with the SouthEurope varieties: length and width of the cotyledons (cm), petiole scar diameter (cm), and averagefruit weight (kg) from plant, thickness of flesh (cm), average fruit length and width (cm). Geneticrelations between genotypes were detected by the use of 15 microsattelite markers (CMCTT144F,CMACC146F, CMGA104F, CMAT141F, CMCCA145F, CMTC13F, CMGT108F, CMCT134bF,CMCT44F, CMTC168F, CMCT170bF, CMAG59F, CMTC47F, CMGA15F, CMTA170aF) in theLatvian State Forestry Research Institute „Silava”.Differences between measurements of lines and varieties were evaluated according toANOVA. The genetic distance between Latgale’s melon lines and the southern European varietieswas evaluated using GeneMapper software.ResultsThe bigger cotyledons were observed for the South Europe varieties ‘Honey Dew OrangeFlesh’ (6.6 and 3.5 cm), ‘Jaune Canaris’ (6.1 and 3.1 cm) and ‘Tendral Verde Negro’ (5.8 and 2.9cm) (Figure 1). The data of the mathematical analyses showed that there was a significantdifference between the genotypes according to cotyledons length and width: between cotyledonslength F=42.28>F crit =2.31 and between cotyledons width F=46.89>F crit =2.31 (with P=95 %).876543210Honey Dew Orange FleshJaune CanarisTendral Verde Negro5 (2)Cantaloup de Bellegarde8!4 (3) !!!Gros Pecoudcotyledon lenghtcotyledon widthFigure 1. Size of cotyledons, cm203
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