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<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008morphotype, represented by cv. Chwat in our experiment. On the contrary, the lack of suchrelationship in naked morphotype, represented by cv. Akt proved the variety seems to be adapted toeffective use of smaller nitrogen rates for biomass production. Morphologically, cv. Akt differsfrom traditional morphotype only in the respect to reduction of hull share in grain, whereas otherfeatures e.g., plant height are nearly the same as in traditional one. Very interesting seems to be tocompare the degree of relationship between nitrogen fertilization and RUE for just now developednaked, semidwarf oat morphotypes. The semidwarf one, having only 1.28 % contribution of hull tothe grain mass, yet characterizing with short culm (enabling some limitation of energy losses forfotoassimilate transport from leaves to kernels and their accumulation there (Starck 2003) shouldbe an intensive form, same as in the case of e.g. wheat and triticale.Following some correction of grain yield of cv. Chwat involving average contribution 25.0% of hull (according to data of Breeding Company Strzelce Ltd.), the yielding of cv. Akt wassmaller by 28.3 %. The experiment referred now was conducted in unfavorable for oat growth anddevelopment conditions, what enabled us to register bigger negative response of cv. Akt underthese conditions.It seems the higher RUE in cv. Chwat resulted, even after substraction of hulls from the grain, in28.01 % higher grain yield as compared to cv. Akt. It means that leaving aside the unfavorableweather conditions, the production potential of cv. Akt was significantly smaller in the experiment.Noteworthy, differences between studied morphotypes in dry matter yield produced duringvegetation were smaller than in the case of grain yield. It points to less profitable distribution ofphotoassimilate to the grain in cv. Akt, comparing to the traditional one.The obtained in the experiment data show the importance of nitrogen effective use by theanalyzed oats in the view of environmental effect. Physiologically optimum nitrogen rate 30 kg Nha -1 found for naked cv. Akt and quite small increase in yield in traditional cv. Chwat fertilizedwith physiologically optimum rate 90 kg N ha -1 prompt the possibility to limit nitrogen input to theenvironment. Furthermore mentioned above improved semidwarf morphotype of naked oat if itconfirms the effective use of smaller nitrogen rate combined with high yielding would be aninteresting solution.ConclusionsHulled oat morphotype represented by cv. Chwat characterizes both with higher efficiencyof solar radiation absorption and biological transformation of intercepted PAR than nakedmorphotype, represented by cv. Akt.Physiologically optimum nitrogen rate for new morphotype of oat is 30 kg N ha -1 , as thereis negligible decline of PAR absorption by the canopy, while efficiency of biologicaltransformation of intercepted radiation and energy yield are at maximum.Physiologically optimum nitrogen rate for traditional oat morphotype is 90 kg N ha -1 , asthere is maximum of efficiency of PAR absorption by the canopy, efficiency of biologicaltransformation of intercepted radiation and energy yield of biomass.Similar experiment should be conducted with the newly released semidwarf morphotypesof naked oat.References1. Aufhammer W. (1998) Getreide- und andere Kornerfruchtarten. Verl. Eugen Ulmer. Stuttgart. 560 pp.2. Cooper J.P. (1970) Potential production and energy conversion in temperate and tropical grasses.Herbage Abstracts, 40, 1 – 13.3. Faber A. (2000) Efektywność wykorzystania promieniowania świetlnego przez pszenicę ozimąuprawianą na róŜnych glebach. Fragm. Agron. 4, 46 - 51.4. Hammer GL, Wright GC. (1994) A theoretical analysis of nitrogen and radiation effects on radiation useefficiency in peanut. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, 575–589.5. Hay, R.K.M. , Walker K.J. (1997) An Introduction to the Physiology of Crop Yield. John Wiley andSons.6. Monteith J. L. (1977) Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain. Philos. Trans. R. Soc.Lond. 281, 277-294.166
<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 20087. Muchow R. C, Davis R. (1988) Effect of nitrogen supply on the comparative productivity of maize andsorghum in a semi-arid tropical environment. II. Radiation interception and biomass accumulation. FieldCrops Research 18, 17–30.8. Nichiporovich A.A. (1988) Fotosinteticheskaya deyatel’nost’ rastenij kak osnova ikh produktivnosti vbiosfere i zemledelii, Fotosintez i Produktsionnyj Protsess, (1988), Nauka, Moscow.9. Nita Z. (1999) Stan aktualny i nowe kierunki hodowli owsa w Polsce. PTTZ. śywność – Nauka,Technologia, Jakość. Kraków 1 (18), 186 – 192.10. Reynolds M.P., van Ginkel M., Ribaut J. (2000) Avenues for genetic modification of radiation useefficiency in wheat J. Exp. Bot.; 51, 459 - 473.11. Ross, J. (1981) The Radiation Regime and Architecture of Plant Stands. Dr Junk, The Hague.12. Ruimy A., Jarvis P.G., Baldocchi D.D., Saugier B. (1995) CO 2 fluxes over plant canopies and solarradiation: a review. Advances in Ecological Research 26, 1–68.13. Runyon J., Waring R.H., Goward S.N., Welles J.M. (1994) Environmental limits on net primaryproduction and light use efficiency across the Oregon transect. Ecological Applications 4, 226–237.14. Sinclair T. R, Horie T. (1989) Leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, and crop radiation use efficiency: a review.Crop Science 29, 90–98.15. Starck Z. (2003) Transport i dystrybucja substancji pokarmowych w roślinach. Wyd. SGGW, Warszawa.16. Stockle C.O., Kiniry J.R. (1990) Variability in crop radiation-use efficiency associated with vaporpressuredeficit. Field Crop Research, 41, 633–644.17. Varlet-Grancher C., Bonhomme R., Sinoquet H. (1993) Crop structure and Light Microclimate:Characterization and Applications. INRA, 518.18. Zadocks J.C, Chang T.T, Konzak C. F (1974) A decimal code for the growth stage of cereals. WeedResearch 14, 415-421.THE INFLUENCE OF PERMANENT GRASSES ON WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITYIN ORGANIC AND SUSTAINABLE FARMING SYSTEMSRepsiene R. and Skuodiene R.Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Vezaiciai Branch, Vezaiciai, Klaipeda distr., Lithuania,phone: +370 46 458233, e-mail: regina@vezaiciai.lzi.ltAbstractThe trial was conducted in light loamy Dystric Albeluvisol in Western Lithuania. Theinfluence of mixture (80 % Trifolium pratense L. (Tp) cv. Liepsna + 20 % Phleum pratense L. (Pp)cv. Gintaras II) as green manure on the productivity of wheat was investigated in the organicfarming system.No pesticides and mineral fertilisers were used in Cattle manure 60 t ha -1 was applied only.Red clover aftermath was used as green manure. Mineral fertilisers and pesticides according toplant needs and 60 t ha -1 of cattle manure were applied in the sustainable farming system. Perennialgrasses were grown for hay. Independently of the farming system red clover content in swardduring the trial execution was 98.0-99.4 %. The dry mater (DM) yield of red clover regrowth waslow (1.17-1.24 t ha -1 ), because of the lack of precipitation. Higher winter wheat yield (6.72 t ha -1 )was obtained from the sustainable farming system. Maintenance with nutrients was better insustainable than in the organic farming system, where the wheat yield was 1.8 times lower. Lessnitrogen and phosphorus (2.8 and 2.6 times respectively) were applied to soil with green manure inthe organic farming system when compared with the sustainable farming system.Key wordsRed clover, organic and sustainable farming systems, winter wheatIntroductionThe maintenance of potential soil fertility is related to soil humus conservation (Teit,1990). Humus reduction is often observed in intensive farming systems (Abdallahi andDayegamiye, 2000; Tate, 1991). In order to preserve soil fertility organic material, should beapplied. Plants are attributed as being one of the major factors responsible for soil fertility.167
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