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<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008ESTIMATION OF THE COMPETITIVE RELATIONS AND THE INDIVIDUALPRODUCTIVITY OF FIELD BEANS IN MODEL EXPERIMENTSPetrychenko V.F., Kobak S.Y.Feed Research Institute of UAAS, Yunosti avenue, 16, Vinnytsya, Ukraine, 21100Telephone/fax: 8 (0432) 46-41-16, e-mail: fri@mail.vinnica.uaAbstractThe investigation of the competitive relationship between the plants of field beans wascarried out in a model experiment, the scheme of which included sowing by the ray-stretchingmethod. The offered method of plant location which takes into account the peculiarities of modernintensive varieties of crops enables the researcher to evaluate a great number of densities from2061 to 269 thousand plants per hectar, inter-row width from 10 to 77 cm and areas of nutritionfrom 48 to 386 cm 2 in a wide diapason and to describe their competitive relations. This approachcan be used when carrying out similar experiments with other grain-legume and fodder crops. It hasbeen determined that the increase of nutrition the area and inter-row width and the reduction ofplant density results in the increase of plant weight, thickness of the stem base, quantity ofproductive nodes, beans, seed weight per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds. It has beenestablished that the character of the change of these indices is rectilinear. But plant height, theheight of the bottom bean location, quantity of nodes on a plant and the level of grain productivityhave a parabolic character. It will be shownthat under conditions of Forest-Steppe on grey forestsoils there is a certain interval of the nutrition area, inter-row width and plant density whichfacilitates the increase of the grain productivity of field beans. The highest grain productivity offield beans of the variety Orion is formed in the nutrition area from 176 to 278 cm 2 with inter-rowwidth 33-35 cm and plant density 596-359 thousand per hectar. Further increase or reduction ofthe nutrition area, inter-row width and plant density results in changes of the elements of individualproductivity of field bean plants towards reduction which has a negative influence on the formationof grain yield formation per unit of area.Key wordsCompetitive relations, individual productivity, field beans, model experiments.IntroductionThe process of the formation of high productive field beans is expected to meet all biologicalneeds of certain varieties for heat, light, nutrition, moisture and gas regime due to optimization oftechnological techniques of their growing. This is especially typical for the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine where moisture can be a limiting factor for field beans. Field beans as waterresistantplants have a great variability of certain the productivity depending on species on growingconditions, so, they extensively react to changes in the nutrition area and the methods of plantlocation in agrobiocenose. As a result the, manifestation of competitive relationships and possibledensity intervals between the plants in field bean agrobiocenose, in order to reveal the mechanismresponsible for plant reaction within the limits of the determined intervals of their density as well asthe study of the possible biological potential for individual productivity formation, have become animportant scientific problem and require the theoretical substantiation of the growing technologymodels taking into account characteristics of soil and climatic conditions of the regions of Ukraine.Materials and MethodsResearch into the competitive relationship between field bean plants was carried out inmodel trials during 1998-2006 in the Feed Research Institute of the UAAS. Soils were grey forestmid-loams; their topsoil contained: humus (by Tyurin) – 2,1-2,3 %, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen (byCornfield) – 90-112 mg per 1 kg of soil, labile phosphorus and exchange potassium (by Chirikov)correspondingly 121-142 and 81-116 mg per 1 kg of soil, pH (salt) – 5,2-5,4, level of soil base156
<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008saturation – 85,7-87,3 %. Mid-ripe field bean variety Orion was sown in the trial. Its vegetationperiod is 98-101 day. The variety is resistant to diseases, bean cracking and lodging.On the basis of the research carried out on soybean and field beans by the scientistsA.O. Babych and V.F. Petrychenko (Babych A.O., Petrychenko V.F., 1994) modification of thesystem model J.A. Nedler (Nedler J.A., 1962), described by W.G. Duncan (Duncan W.G., 1986)and D.B. Egli (Egli D.B., 1988), which requires planting by the ray-stretching method, was offered.Taking into consideration the ability of the new varieties selected in Ukraine to increaseproductivity when there is constricting row-space, optimizing mineral nutrition and enlarging plantdensity per unit of area, the trial was organized in a way to enable the nutrition area of a plant toincrease gradually while removing it from the center of the circle. Such a method enables theresearcher to evaluate a great number of densities of field bean varieties which are widely studiedon comparatively small trial plots.To avoid the harmful influence of the first plants on one other from the neighbour rays whichcome from the circle center and create identical conditions for plants studied in variants as well asincrease reliability of the obtained trial results, one more circle with the diameter equaling thewidth of the basic row-spacing in existing growing technologies in the region was made in thecentre of a big circle. In our researches the width of row-spacing was 45 cm. It should bementioned that ray quantity depends on the group of variety ripeness. The circle should be dividedinto 32 or 64 rays for early- and mid-ripe varieties, and into 16 and 32 rays for late-ripe ones.Model trials on field beans included 32 rays. Each plant presented a separate variant. Repetition ofthe trial equaled 32. Plants with the distance between the rays of 45 cm were taken for control. Thedistance between the plants in a ray was 5 cm (fig. 1).When it is necessary to study the reaction of some varieties to space and quantitative plantlocation in the area, the circle is divided into 2 or 4 sectors, i.e. 16 or 8 rays in each one. It let plantsfunction as protection strips. Biometric research is carried out on plants located in the internal raysof the sector.Diameter of internal circle 90 сm5 сm distancebetween seeds сm 2Diameter of external circle 800 сm43485359646974788388S = 0,9763 r + 2,446Figure 1. Scheme of plant location in the model trial and the area of their nutritionResults and DiscussionThe use of the system method of trial result evaluation shows that the change of the nutritionarea of plants and, therefore, plant density results in the formation of different structures andinfluences the individual productivity of the crop.The research reveals that the increase of the nutrition area and interrow width as well as thereduction of plant density per unit of area facilitates the increase of seed weight, the thickness ofthe stem base, the quantity of productive nodes, beans, seeds, seed weight per plant and the weightof 1000 seeds. These changes are rectilinear. But plant height, the height of the bottom node157
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