AGRONOMIJAS VÄSTIS - Latvijas LauksaimniecÄ«bas universitÄte

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<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008ill with fungal diseases. On an ecological farm fertilizers of potassium and phosphonus increase thepastures’ harvest in one third. (Кутузова, Привалова, 1982; Blagoveschensky, 2000).There are varying opinions about potassium fertilizers’ rates during the period ofvegetation. In Russia, it is recommended to scatter the annual rate of potassium in two or three goeswhen it outgrows 60 kg ha -1 . German scientists think that scattering the annual rate in two or threegoes is not superior to that of one go (Daug÷lien÷, 1995; Csatho et al., 2000). Investigations carriedout in Lithuanian soils of different genesis demonstrated that potassium rate could be extended to120 kg ha -1 of active matter. There is no need to increase potassium rate any further as anundesirable amount of potassium accumulates in plants. Research on divisions of the annual rate ofpotassium fertilizers determined that it is not worth scattering the annual rate in several goes.Scattering fertilizers in spring before the period of plant vegetation starts or in autumn proved themost useful (Vasiliauskien÷, Brunien÷ et al., 1986, Daug÷lien÷, 1995).It is as important to determine the effect of different fertilizers on the harvest of perennialherbage and its chemical composition. Such investigations carried out under conditions ofecological farming are very few. This has been much researched under conditions of intensivefarming. It was found that amounts of feeding matters as well as chemical elements mostly dependon perennial herbage’s phase of vegetation of. As perrenial herbage mature, the amount of greenproteins, ashes and fats decreases and the amount of fibre grows. Amount of green proteins, ashesand fats decreases even more after blooming and the amount of fibre increases (Juraitis, 1997,1998). Investigations carried out under the conditions of intensive farming have shown thatnitrogen fertilizers were the ones to increse the amount of green proteins in perrenial herbage most.Effects on potassium on the harvest of perennial herbage depended on the amount of potassium insoil. Potassium did not significantly influenced chemical composition of herbage (Daug÷lien÷,Arlauskien÷, 1989; Vasiliauskien÷ et al., 1996).Investigation carried out under the conditions of intensive farming determined thatbotanical composition of perennial herbage was mostly influenced by application of nitrogenfertilizers. Under the influence of nitrogen the amount of clover in sward decreased and the greaterrates of nitrogen exterminated clover at all. Phosphorus fertilizers helped legumes hold themselvesin a sward. The botanical composition of the sward deteriorated mostly due to the lack ofphosphorus fertilizers and onesided fertilization with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers.(Daug÷lien÷, Arlauskien÷, 1989; Vasiliauskien÷, Dapkus, 1990; Vasiliauskien÷ et al., 1996;Daug÷lien÷, 2002).Fertilization with mineral potassium, magnium and sulphur fertilizers as follows:potassium salt, potassium chloride, potassium magnesia, and potassium sulphate as well as afertilizer of magnium and sulphur (kieserite) is allowed on Lithuanian ecological farms (Pekarskas,2005).Objectives of this research are to investigate the effect of potassium magnesia, potassiumsulphate, and kieserite fertilizers on the harvest of perennial herbage, its chemical and botanicalcomposition.Materials and MethodsInfluence of potassium, magnium and sulphur fertilizers on the harvest and quality ofecologically cultivated perennial herbage was investigated in 2000, 2001 and 2005 on theecological farm of Agroecology center at the Lithuanian University of Agriculture. The soil ofinvestigation was Endohypogleyi-Eutric Planosols – PLe-gln-w. The soil was neutral pH KCl 6.8,2.27 % of hummus, it contained 161.6 mg kg -1 of phosphorus and 140.2 mg kg -1 of potasium, 495.5mg kg -1 of magnium and 0.160 % of total nitrogenInvestigation was carried out with potasium magnesia, potassium sulphate, kisteritasfertilizers of natural origin. A mix of perennial grasses was composed of 50 % timothy “Gintaras”and 50 % red clover “Liepsna”. A seed rate was 16 kg ha -1 . Fertilization took place in the thirddecade of April and the first decade of May in the beginning of perennial herbage’s vegetationperiod and they were harvested in the first decade of June.pH of the soil was determined by potesiometric method 1 N KCl extract and humus wasdetermined with the apparatus of Chereus, amounts of P 2 O 5 and K 2 O A-L, and total nitrogen weredetermined by Kjeldahl method. Amount of dry materials was determined by drying them in152
<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008thermostat in the temperature of 105 °C, exposure of hay was calculated with 15 % humidity,chemical composition of perennial herbage was determined with a computer infrared ray analyser.Investigation was carried out in four repetitions. The total area of a test site was 48 m 2(4×12), area of the calculated site was – 15 m 2 (3×5). Data of investigation was mathematicallyassessed by method of dispearse analysis with a programme ANOVA.ResultsThe biggest part of the harvest of the first year’s perennial herbage was obtained byfertilizing the sward with a K 90 S 51 Mg 30 rate of potassium magnesia. Essential increase in theamount of hay was achieved 0.73 – 1.30 t ha -1 or 16.5 – 33.8 per cent when compared to perennialherbage with no fertilizers applied or the ones fertilized with K 30 S 17 Mg 10 . The rate being increasedfrom K 60 S 34 Mg 20 to K 120 S 68 Mg 40 , no significant increase in the amount of hay was observed. Mostgreen proteins and fats accumulated when a rate of K 90 S 51 Mg 30 was applied. Essential increase ingreen proteins (0.71 – 1.16 per cent) and fats (0.31 – 0.43 per cent) was obtained compared tounfertilized herbage and the one fertilized with K 30 S 17 Mg 10 . Fertilization with potassium magnesiacaused a slight decrease in green fibre and increase in green ashes. Fertilization with potassiummagnesia slightly increased the amount of grasses and decreased the amount of legumes in abotanical composition of the sward (see Table 1 and 2).Table 1. Effect of potassium magnesia rates on the harvest and chemical composition of perrenialherbageNo. Index K 0 S 0 Mg 0 K 30 S 17 Mg 10 K 60 S 34 Mg 20 K 90 S 51 Mg 30 K 120 S 68 Mg 40 LSD 051. Harvest of hay, 3.85 4.42 4.71 5.15 5.12 0.64t ha -12. Green proteins, % 11.73 12.18 12.54 12.89 12.43 0.593. Green fats, % 0.82 0.94 1.17 1.25 1.19 0.244. Green fibre, % 30.04 29.77 29.34 29.97 29.96 1.255. Green ashes, % 2.05 2.23 2.32 2.28 2.31 0.39Table 2. Effect of potassium magnesia rates on botanical composition of perennial herbageNo. Index K 0 S 0 Mg 0 K 30 S 17 Mg 10 K 60 S 34 Mg 20 K 90 S 51 Mg 30 K 120 S 68 Mg 40 LSD 051. Clover, % 85.08 86.14 85.25 84.36 83.83 5.202. Grasses, % 13.81 12.61 13.32 14.46 14.82 2.413. Other herbage,%1.11 1.25 1.43 1.18 1.35 0.53The greatest harvest of the first year’s perennial herbage was obtained by fertilization witha rate of potassium sulfate K 90 S 32.4. Essential increase of the harvest was achieved 0,98 - 1,27 t ha -1or 23,7 – 32.9 per cent. When the rate was increased from K 60 S 21.6 to K 120 S 43.2 , no significantincrease in the amount of harvest was observed. Most green proteins accumulated with afertilization rate of K 60 S 21.6 , and the greatest amount of green fats accumulated when the rate ofK 90 S 32.4 was applied. Increasing the rate of potassium sulphate even further caused a decrease inthese indexes of perennial herbage. When rates of K 30 S 10.8 – K 90 S 32.4 were applied, the amount ofgreen proteins increased comparing to K 120 S 43.2 , the greatest rate of potassium sulphate and theherbage with no fertilizers applied. The amount of green fats essentially increased only comparedto herbage with no fertilization applied, and there were no significant differences between separatetreatments. Fertilization with potassium sulphate caused a slight decrease in the amount of greenfibre and an increase in the amount of green ashes. Fertilization also had an effect on the botanicalcomposition of the sward, causing an increase in the amount of grasses and a decrease in legumes(see Table 3 and 4).153
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