AGRONOMIJAS VĒSTIS - Latvijas Lauksaimniecības universitāte

AGRONOMIJAS VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008Table 2. Diseases incidence and severity on different triticale cultivarsCultivarDisease incidenceDisease severity2001 2002 2001 2002Host plant growing stage (BBCH)Host plant growing stage (BBCH)55 65 77 51 71 77 55 65 77 51 71 77Leaf rust (causal agent Puccinia dispersa Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn)Tornado 2.1 39.6 29.9 0 0.7 38.8 0.05 0.84 0.56 0 0.01 0.53Alzo 1.0 3.8 5.2 0 0.7 1.1 0.01 0.08 0.12 0 0.01 0.01Tewo 66.9 100 100 0 33.3 97.4 3.01 14.7 17.6 0 0.33 6.15Septoria leaf blotch (causal agent Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) E. Castell et. Germano)Tornado 2.0 27.9 83.3 0 0 15.5 0 1.14 7.23 0 0 0.20Alzo 1.0 13.8 21.2 0 0 7.7 0 0.44 0.76 0 0 0.15Tewo 2.8 41.2 100 0 1.0 61.8 0.04 1.70 12.55 0 0.10 3.22The higher number of grain per ear for the triticale was obtained in the treatments fertilisedwith white clover (Table 3). 1000 grain weight was less affected by preceding crops than thenumber of grain per ear. The lowest 1000 grain weight was recorded after timothy and whiteclover. However, having incorporated a larger amount of green manure, i.e. red clover residues andaftermath and white clover aftermath the soil received more nutrients. This leads to the conclusionthat a higher content of biological nitrogen incorporation has a significant effect on 1000 grainweight of triticale.Table 3. The effect of preceding crops on the yield forming elements of triticale ‘Tewo’Yield structure ExperimentalPreceding crops of winter triticale LSD 05elementsyear Red clover White clover TimothyProductive stems, m -2 2004 366.55±7.51 354.00±6.05 324.00±8.18 10.522005 284.00±9.17 292.00±3.83 316.00±10.05 6.65Average 325.25±6.18 323.00±12.17 320.00±9.70 2.04Number of grain, per 2004 28.00±0.91 31.25±2.75 27.00±3.48 0.85ear2005 39.75±1.03 39.25±0.94 33.25±3.27 0.55Average 33.87±2.30 35.25±2.02 30.12±2.51 1.091000 grain weight, g 2004 40.50±0.12 39.00±0.13 39.70±0.16 0.452005 37.89±2.00 35.64±0.78 34.59±0.19 0.75Average 39.20±1.07 37.33±0.83 37.15±1.14 0.29Note: LSD 05 – least significant at P ≤ 0.05.It is thought that the occurrence of diseases can be successfully controlled by soil and cropmanagement practices, crop rotations as well as high-quality preceding crops. In 2004 afterdifferent preceding crops from 31.3 to 52.5% of winter triticale plants were scald affected and in2005 – from 18.8 to 21.3% (Table 4). Significant differences in the incidence of scald weredetermined between all treatments; however the highest incidence and severity of scald wereidentified in winter triticale grown after legumes, compared with the triticale preceded by spikedplants.125