AGRONOMIJAS VÄSTIS - Latvijas LauksaimniecÄ«bas universitÄte

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<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008ConclusionThe productivity of grass biomass was dependent on the cultivar to be used and thenitrogen fertilization rates. Dry matter yield was found to be strongly dependent on climaticconditions in the particular yield years and the particular period of regrowth.The productivity of photosynthesis and biomass were dependent on the hybrid variety andthere is a close relationship between leaf area index and dry matter production.Significant differences in ‘Festulolium’ and ‘Lolium x baucheanum’ DM yield were foundbetween first, second and third yield years.References1. Aavola R. (2005) The yield potential of Estonian perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars atdifferent mineral fertilization levels and cutting frequencies. EGF, Grassland Science in Europe, vol. 10,449 – 453.2. Adamovich A. and Adamovicha O. (2003) Productivity and forage quality of Festulolium/legume mixedswards in response to cutting frequency. EGF, Grassland Science in Europe, vol. 8, 453 – 456.3. Casler M. (2002) Natural selection for survival improves freezing tolerance, forage yield and persistanceof Festulolium. Crop Science, vol. 42, 1421.4. Gaborcik N., Ilavska I., Zibritova I., Kizekova M. (2006) Photosynthesis, growth and productivity of tallfescue and their intergeneric hybrids. EGF, Grassland Science in Europe, vol. 11, 167 – 169.5. Gutmane I., Adamovich A. (2006) Productivity aspects of Festulolium and Lolium x boucheanumcultivars. EGF, Grassland Science in Europe, vol. 11, 155-157.6. Humphreys, M. W., Thomas H. M., et al. (1997). Applications of recent advances at the Institute ofGrassland and Environmental Research in cytogenetics of the Lolium/Festuca complex. Journal ofApplied Genetics 38(3): 273-284. {a} Inst. Grassland Environmental Res., Plas Gogerddan, Nr.Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK7. Kohoutek A., Odstrcilova V., Komarek P., Nerusil P. (2004) Persistence and production ability ofDactylis glomerata L., Dactylis polygama Horvat, Festuca arundinacea L. and genus hybrids in 1986-2003. EGF, Grassland Science in Europe, vol. 9, 422 – 424.8. Lemežiene N., Kanapeckas J., Tarakanovas P., Nekrošas S. (2004) Analysis of dry matter yield structureof forage grasses. Plant, Soil and Environment, Vol. 50 (6). 277 - 282.9. Mosimann E. (2002) Melanges fourragers pour une duree de trios ans. 1. Facteurs influencant laproportion de legumineuses. Revue suisse d’agriculture 34, 99-106.10. Straub C., Betin M., et al. (2005) Morphological, phonological and genetic changes in monovarietyswards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). EGF, Grassland Science in Europe, vol. 10, 436 – 440.11. Tarakanovas P., Kanapeckas J., Lemežiene N., Nekrošas S. (2004) Analysis of dry matter yield stabilityparameters in different varieties of forage grasses. LLU Raksti 10 (205). 19 - 25.THE POLISH CULTIVARS OF X TRITICOSECALE WITTM. IN LITHUANIA –EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND RESISTANCE TO DISEASESJanušauskait÷ D. 1 , Nekrošien÷ R. 2 , Skuodien÷ R. 31 Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Instituto al. 1, 58344 Akademija, K÷dainiai distr., Lithuania,phone: + 370 34737271, e-mail: daliaj@lzi.lt2 Botanical Garden of Klaipeda University, Kretingos 92, 92327 Klaipeda, Lithuania3 Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, V÷žaičiai Branch, Gargždų 29, 96216 V÷žaičiai, Klaip÷da distr.,LithuaniaAbstractDuring the period 2001–2002 and 2004–2005 experiments were carried out at the V÷žaičiaiBranch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture with a view to studying the differences of thebiological properties and the disease incidence between the xTriticosecale Wittm. cultivars ‘Tewo’,‘Alzo’ and ‘Tornado’. According to the research data, the triticale cultivar with a higher than 1000grain weight value was ‘Alzo’ and the cultivar ‘Tewo’ has a higher number of grain per ear, butthis cultivar was most prane to diseases. The researchers also studied the ecological significance ofperennial grasses used as green manure for the biological properties of triticale ‘Tewo’ too.122
<strong>AGRONOMIJAS</strong> VĒSTIS (Latvian Journal of Agronomy), No.10, LLU, 2008The preceding legume crops had a positive effect on the formation of productive elements of wintertriticale ‘Tewo’, compared with their identical cultivation after timothy. The different growingconditions of triticale, i.e. from different preceding crops, had a significant effect on the occurrenceof scald, leaf rust and septoria leaf blotch.Key wordsCultivar, Triticosecale., biological properties, diseases resistance.IntroductionThe hybrid between wheat and rye, triticale (xTriticosecale Wittm.), known for its goodyield potential and amino acid composition, has started to spread. The growing of triticaleworldwide has shown that it has the yield potential of wheat and the adaptability of rye (Varugheseet al., 1996). The grain yield and quality of winter triticale are most of all affected by weatherconditions, then by cultivars and N application regimes (Alaru et al., 2004). The residues andploughed in green material of perennial grasses, as preceding crops, have a positive effect on theformation of productivity elements of the cereal crops not only in the first year but also in thesecond year, which determines the productivity of cereal link (Arlauskiene, 2000). Triticale has ahigher fungal diseases resistance than wheat. Although triticale tends to show a high degree offungal diseases resistance, some important diseases still have been observed on this crop and maycause serious economic damage. Changes in cultivars and cultural practices are thought to beresponsible for the shifts in pathogens and diseases. The genetics of resistance in the triticale hostand virulence in the pathogen populations continues to be unclear. Under the conditions ofbiological farming, which does not allow the use of chemical plant protection products, plantdiseases become a grave problem. In the years of disease epiphytoty yield losses of 30–50% occur(Conway, 1996).Winter triticale is a promising alternative feed crop in Estonia, Latvia and Poland (Alaru etal., 2003). Winter triticale should be an acceptable alternative crop possessing considerablepotential as a source of energy and protein in Lithuania too. There were sown about 56 thousand haof this crop in our country in 2002. The investigations of different winter triticale cultivars fromother countries were started in Lithuania in 1975, but till now there are no select suitable cultivarsfor the local conditions. The tasks of the experiments were to estimate the biological properties andtheir resistance to diseases of the different winter triticale cultivars from Poland and to test thefeasibility of winter triticale cultivation in western Lithuania.Materials and MethodsThe experiments were carried out in the V÷žaičiai Branch of the Lithuanian Institute ofAgriculture during the period 2001–2002 and 2004–2005. Three Polish cultivars of winter triticale:‘Tewo’, ‘Alzo’ and ‘Tornado’ were studied during the period 2001–2002 and the cultivar ‘Tewo’was studied in 2004–2005 in three different environments: there were different preceding crops ofwinter triticale ‘Tewo’: 1. Red clover ‘Vyliai’; 2. White clover ‘Sūduviai’; 3. Timothy ‘GintarasII’. All these crops were cut twice. The experimental treatments were replicated four times. Thesoil of the experimental site is albi – edohypogleyic luvisol, light loam on medium heavy loam. Thesoil agrochemical properties were the second: pH KCl 5.6–5.8, total N 0.12%, humus 1.33–4.17%,available P 2 O 5 91–384 and K 2 O 135–227 mg kg -1 . Available P 2 O 5 and K 2 O were determined by theA-L method, total nitrogen by Kjeldahl, organic carbon by a mineraliser ‘Heraeus’. The number ofgrain per ear, grain weight per ear g, 1000 grain weight g, productive stems m -2 of winter triticalewere measured. Grain samples for analyses were taken from each plot after pre-cleaning. Onethousand grain weight was determined according to ISO 580-77. The data on 1000 grain weightand yield were adjusted to 15% moinsture content. Foliar disease assessments on winter triticalewere carried out in the different growing stage of winter triticale according to the BBCH(Biologiche Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt, Chemical industry) scale (Tottman, 1987). In 2004–2005 assessments were made in BBCH 77. In each area under assessment 10 places were randomlychosen and five normally developed stems were taken per place. Three top green leaves were123
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