Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

Index 493dropped links, 208, 211, 212energy-aware MAC protocol, 347fading channels, 212–230feedback, 239–240fundamentals, 177–179, 230, 239IEEE standard 802.11, 240, 240mobile users, 192–193, 226, 228–229path loss, 180–200peer-to-peer network, 207–208, 207–210performance evaluation, 225–226, 227power reset, 240–241predictive congestion control, 434radio channel uncertainties, 212–214retransmissions, 240–241simulation, 250–253, 251–252state-space-based controls design,183–189transmitter power control, mobile users,192–193, 194–195uplink transmitter power control,189–190, 190–193, 192wireless network applications, 200–212Distributed power control, wireless ad hocnetworksabrupt changing channels, 293, 293–294algorithms, 240, 240–242backoff mechanism, 267buffer occupancy state equation, 269channel state estimation, 261–262channel uncertainties, 235–237channel utilization, 243, 246comparison of protocols, 257–259,258–259contention time, 247cost function, 270–272design of protocols, 245distributed adaptive power control,237–239dynamic-programming-based rateadaptation, 268–275examples, 290–291experimental results, 290–291fast updates, 293, 294, 295–296feedback, 239–240four nodes, 293, 295–296, 295–296fundamentals, 233–235, 296–297hardware, 282–296heuristic rate adaptation, 259–268hidden-terminal problem, 243–244,243–245IEEE standard 802.11, 240, 240implementation, 239–242, 275MAC protocol, 242–249, 268maximum usable rate, 262minimum usable rate, 262–265, 263modulation, 265–266, 266, 274–275NS-2 implementation, 249, 249one-hop topology, 276, 276–277overhead analysis, 247–248path loss effect, 290–291, 290–291power reset, 240–241power selection, rate, 266–267protocols, 242–249, 257–259, 268radio channel model, 236–237random topology, 278–279, 279rate adaptation, 254–259retransmissions, 240–241Riccatti equation, 272–274signal-to-interference ratio, 235–236simulation, 250–253, 251–253, 275–282slowly varying interference, 291, 292, 293slow updates, 293–294software, 287, 287–290two-hop topology, 276–278, 277–278,279–282, 280–282Distributed routing approach, 359Distributed selection, 467Distribution adaptation, 474, 475–476Dontula and Jagannathan studiesconstrained second-order power control,183distributed power control, 178–179, 234,237DPC scheme development, 215fading channels, 212power control implementation, 34power sensitivity, 31Douligeris, Liu and, studies, 81, 94, 96Dropped links, 208, 211, 212DVB, see Digital video broadcast (DVB)Dynamical systemsasymptotic stability, 58autonomous systems, 60–65boundedness, 59, 59–60, 72–75Brunovsky canonical form, 50–51, 51closed-loop systems, 74–75continuity norms, 56–57controller design, 65–67, 66decrescent function, 70–72discrete-time systems, 50, 52–53function norms, 56–57fundamentals, 49global stability, 64linear systems, 52, 60, 67, 73–74local stability, 63LTI feedback controllers, 68–69