Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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Optimized Energy and Delay-Based Routing 409111098Delay vs network sizeoedsroedrDelay (s)765432140 50 60 70 80 90Number of nodes100 110FIGURE 8.42Average end-to-end delay with network size.on just the available energy and the delay. It can be noticed that whenthere are 70 nodes in the network, the energy consumed using OEDR andOEDSR protocols increases because of the nature of the topology. However,the increase in energy using OEDSR is less compared to OEDRbecause a different and more efficient route was selected.The average E2E delay is also lower for OEDSR when compared toOEDR as observed in Figure 8.42. This is because there are fewer nodesthat are selected as RNs in the OEDSR protocol, and this decreases processingand queuing time. In the case of OEDR, it is assumed that everynode knows the route to the BS, based on the MPR sets. Because of this,a longer route was selected to route information as OEDR is not an ondemandrouting protocol. The E2E delay includes the wake-up time fora node apart from the transmission time. Therefore, with more RNs, wakeuptime goes up, increasing the E2E delay.It can be observed from Figure 8.43 that the number of collisions in thenetwork is lower for the OEDSR when compared with the OEDR. OEDRuses more RNs to transmit data from the CHs to the BS. Moreover, whenselecting the multipoint-relay (MPR) nodes, the nodes send information totheir one-hop and two-hop neighbors, and this increases the number ofsignals being sent in the network. Because of this, the traffic in the networkgoes up, thereby increasing the number of collisions in the network.
410 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks5.5 × 1045Collision vs network sizeoedsroedr4.5# of collisions43.532.521.540 50 60 70 80 90Number of nodes100 110FIGURE 8.43Number of collisions with network size.Figure 8.44 shows the overhead comparison between the OEDSR andthe OEDR. It is observed that the overhead is significantly less for theOEDSR. The overhead for the OEDSR is mainly because of the HELLOpackets being sent from a node to its one-hop neighbors and theRESPONSE packets that the node receives from these one-hop neighbors.Initially, each source node sends out a HELLO packet consisting of thenode ID and the distance to the BS to all the one-hop nodes. This HELLOmessage is 2 bytes in size. Upon receiving this HELLO message, all thepotential RNs send back a RESPONSE packet consisting of the node ID,energy available, delay, and the distance to the BS.The delay is derived from the HELLO packet exchange. Then the sourcenode sends out packets containing the information of the potential RNsto the next source node. This is continued till an optimum relay node isdetermined, which subsequently informs all the source nodes of this relaynode. All these messages sent constitute for the overhead in the OEDSR.But in the case of the OEDR, apart from sending HELLO packets to allthe one-hop and two-hop neighbors and receiving the RESPONSE packets,once the MPR nodes are selected, a TC message containing all linkcost and selector set information is transmitted periodically to all thenodes in the network in a multihop manner. This significantly increasesthe overhead, and thus the OEDSR performs better than the OEDR.
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18. Chaos in Automatic Control, edi
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CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000
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Table of Contents1 Background on Ne
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3 Congestion Control in ATM Network
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5.4.2 Distributed Power Controller
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7.3 Adaptive and Distributed Fair S
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9.2.2 Overview.....................
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the number of connections in each l
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y Maheswaran Thiagarajan, and tirel
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2 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networ
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10 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netwo
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2BackgroundIn this chapter, we prov
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Background 51u(k)x n (k + 1)x n (k)
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Background 53with x( 0)being the in
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Background 55with tr(.) the matrix
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Background 57nGiven a function ft (
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Background 592.3.2 Lyapunov Stabili
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Background 61as well as Jagannathan
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Background 63The subsequent example
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Background 65Evaluating this along
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Background 67Now, select the feedba
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Background 69is SISL if and only if
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Background 71L 1 (x)L(x, t)L 0 (x)0
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Background 73for some R > 0 such th
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Background 75Evaluating the first d
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Background 77Section 2.4Problem 2.4
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100 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netw
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4Admission Controller Design for Hi
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Admission Controller Design for Hig
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7Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wir
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Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wire
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8Optimized Energy and Delay-Based R
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Predictive Congestion Control for W
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10Adaptive and Probabilistic Power
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Adaptive and Probabilistic Power Co
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