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Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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Optimized Energy <strong>and</strong> Delay-Based Routing 405Energy vs network size100aodvdsrbelloedsr80Energy (mWhr)6040200−2050 60 70 80 90Number of nodes100FIGURE 8.36Energy consumed with network size (magnified).network size increases, the energy consumed for other protocolsincreases. At the same time, the nodes in the network using OEDSRconsume almost a fixed amount of energy, because only a limited numberof nodes are used to route information while the rest are in sleep state.Moreover, subnetwork formation minimizes the energy consumption. Bycontrast, with an increase in network size, Bellman Ford uses more numberof RNs to route information, thus consuming more energy.Next, the average E2E delay in the case of a mobile BS is computed. Inthis scenario, the AODV incurs higher E2E delay, compared to the OEDSRas illustrated in Figure 8.37 <strong>and</strong> Figure 8.38. The E2E delay is calculatedas the time taken to complete data transfer from the source to the destination.This time includes the transmission time, which is the time it takesfor the data to reach the destination node from the source node, <strong>and</strong> thewake-up time, which is defined as the time taken for the destination nodeto wake up <strong>and</strong> receive this stream of data. Moreover, when multiplepackets arrive at the same time, then the queuing time is also consideredfor calculating the E2E delay. Therefore, when there are fewer RNs, as isthe case of OEDSR, fewer nodes have to be kept awake. This reduces theaverage energy consumed.Figure 8.39 <strong>and</strong> Figure 8.40 display the number of collisions observedwhen using different routing protocols. As was the case with stationary

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