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Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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332 <strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Ad</strong> <strong>Hoc</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Sensor</strong> <strong>Networks</strong>14 × 10−3Contention time12Contention time (sec)108642200 250 300 350Per flow rate (Kbps)ADFS-4ADFS-10ADFS-12ADFS-26DFS-4DFS-10DFS-12DFS-26802.11-4802.11-10802.11-12802.11-26400 450 500FIGURE 7.16Contention times with different flow rates.Figure 7.16 shows the average contention times of four r<strong>and</strong>omly selectedflows, using ADFS, DFS, <strong>and</strong> IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols with differentflow rates. Observe that the average contention time keeps increasing tillthe channel gets congested (around 300 Kbps per flow rate), <strong>and</strong> almostremains constant after 300 Kbps. It can also be noted that there is smallincrease in the average contention times using both ADFS <strong>and</strong> DFS protocols,whereas compared to 802.11 protocol, due to the slight computationalcomplexity involved in using these protocols.7.5 Hardware ImplementationAs part of this work, hardware implementation of WSNs with the ADFSprotocol was also shown. Challenges for hardware implementation ofADFS on WSNs include memory limitations, low processing power, <strong>and</strong>selection of priority sensor flows. Selection of fair b<strong>and</strong>width allocationsfor the sensor flows, or based on QoS, must also be established based onuser requirements.Introduction of the 802.15 st<strong>and</strong>ard has accelerated the application ofWSNs in industrial environments. Use of small, low-power, radio-enabled

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