Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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Distributed Power Control and Rate Adaptation 2876.11.1.5 RF SetupThe wireless channel for the DAPC implementation is chosen to be similarto the one in RFID systems. The nodes will operate at the central frequencyof 915 MHz with 20-kHz channel bandwidth. To test the performance ofonly the DAPC, no other MAC is used. The data rate is set up at 12 kbpsusing FSK modulation with no encoding method. The output power atthe transmitter can vary from 16 to +13dBm by 0.3-dB increments.6.11.2 Software ArchitectureA layered networking architecture is considered for the Gen-4 SSN wirelesstest platform. This would allow easier future implementations andprotocol evaluations. A block diagram of the layered software architectureis shown in Figure 6.28. In this section, a detailed description of thebaseband controller and DAPC MAC design is given.6.11.2.1 Frame FormatFrame format used for DAPC implementation is shown in Figure 6.29.The physical layer header is composed of a series of SYNC bytes and apreamble sequence. The SYNC bytes, which are used to synchronize thetransmitter and receiver clock, should be a DC-free pattern, such as10101010 … pattern. The preamble sequence is a unique pattern indicatingthe beginning of a packet and must be universal to all nodes in theApplication layerMAC layer8051 platformRAMpacketbufferTx/Rx statemachineMACheadercontrolPHY headercontrolData pumpRSSI bufferRSSIreadbackPowercontrolDistributed adaptive powercontrolBaseband controllerData ratecontrolFrequencycontrolSPI interfaceSPI interfacePreambledetectioninterruptData busControl busPhysical layer – radio transceiverFIGURE 6.28Software architecture.
288 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor NetworksSyncbytesPreambleMAC Destinationlength addressSourceaddressTransmissionpowerExtendablefieldsData ...CRCPHYMAC headerFIGURE 6.29Protocol frame format.network. The ADF7020 provides the hardware preamble detection andinterrupt source to the microprocessor.The preamble is followed by the MAC header. The length of the MACheader can be programmable using its first byte, therefore allowing multipleextensions for the future. For the DAPC, only transmission powerfield is required. After the MAC header, data and CRC are transmitted.6.11.2.2 Baseband ControllerA baseband controller is implemented to interface with the physical layer.It also provides an API for higher layers to access all functionalities offeredby the radio transceiver. In the implementation of the DAPC MAC, onlyRSSI read-back and power control are used. Other options are available andcan be utilized easily for future implementations of different protocols.6.11.2.3 Operation ModesThe baseband controls the radio in three operational modes, transmit,receive, and idle, which are handled by the Tx/Rx state machine. The radioshould always operate in the idle mode unless a packet is ready fortransmission or a preamble is detected indicating the beginning of apacket reception.Idle mode: In the idle mode, the radio is still listening to the channelhowever any incoming data from the radio is ignored.Receive mode: During the idle mode, when a preamble is detected bythe radio, an interrupt is sent to the microprocessor. Upon interrupt,the baseband switches to the receive mode, and begins bufferingincoming bytes; the length of the packet is prefixed between thetransmitter and receiver.Transmit mode: When a packet is ready for transmission, the basebandswitches to the transmit mode by appending the preamble and itsends out the entire packet with no interruptions.6.11.2.4 RSSI ReadingThe implementation of DAPC requires RSSI readings to calculate the SNRfor every packet. To provide accurate SNR values, RSSI readings are taken
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Wireless Ad Hocand SensorNetworksPr
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18. Chaos in Automatic Control, edi
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CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000
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Table of Contents1 Background on Ne
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3 Congestion Control in ATM Network
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5.4.2 Distributed Power Controller
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7.3 Adaptive and Distributed Fair S
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9.2.2 Overview.....................
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the number of connections in each l
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y Maheswaran Thiagarajan, and tirel
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2 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networ
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10 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netwo
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2BackgroundIn this chapter, we prov
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Background 51u(k)x n (k + 1)x n (k)
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Background 53with x( 0)being the in
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Background 55with tr(.) the matrix
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Background 57nGiven a function ft (
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Background 592.3.2 Lyapunov Stabili
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Background 61as well as Jagannathan
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Background 63The subsequent example
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Background 65Evaluating this along
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Background 67Now, select the feedba
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Background 69is SISL if and only if
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Background 71L 1 (x)L(x, t)L 0 (x)0
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Background 73for some R > 0 such th
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Background 75Evaluating the first d
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Background 77Section 2.4Problem 2.4
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100 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netw
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4Admission Controller Design for Hi
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Admission Controller Design for Hig
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Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wire
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8Optimized Energy and Delay-Based R
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Optimized Energy and Delay-Based Ro
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9Predictive Congestion Control for
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Predictive Congestion Control for W
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10Adaptive and Probabilistic Power
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Adaptive and Probabilistic Power Co
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