Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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Congestion Control in ATM Networks and the Internet 105100Feedback delay = 090Buffer utilization8070605040AdaptiveOne layerTwo layer w/o trainingTwo layer with training30150 200 250 300 350Buffer length (cells)FIGURE 3.16Cell loss ratio with congestion.Example 3.3.3: Performance Comparison with AdditionalFeedback DelaysNote that the delays observed in Example 3.3.1 and Example 3.3.2 weredue to feedback because the hardware delays were neglected. Example3.3 presents the case when additional delays that are multiples of themeasurement interval T were injected in the feedback. Figure 3.170.01Single VBR source, S = 6000 cells/sec0.008Cells loss ratio0.0060.004Rate-based0.002Two-layerThreshold = 0.401 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Feedback delayFIGURE 3.17Cell loss ratio with feedback delays.
106 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor NetworksS1 Link 1Link 1-1D1S2Link 2Link 1-2D2S3S4Link 3Link 4Router 1Link 0Router 2Link 1-3Link 1-4D3D4S5Link 5Link 6Link 1-5D5S6Link 1-6D6FIGURE 3.18End-to-end topology.shows the CLR with delay when additional delays were injected in thefeedback for different congestion control methods. From the figure, itis clear that the two-layer NN-based controller is more stable androbust compared to the adaptive ARMAX (rate-based) method whenfeedback delays were present. Here, the thresholding approach (witha value of 0.4) appears to be more stable as the rate adjustment dependsonly upon the magnitude of the buffer occupancy; however, duringcongestion, it performs unsatisfactorily in terms of CLR and delaycompared to the two-layer NN approach. Similar results were observedwhen more cross-traffic was used.Example 3.3.4: Fairness Test in the Presence of Cross-TrafficWe use two data traffic sources (elastic traffic), 1 VBR traffic source, and3 CBR traffic sources (inelastic). Elastic source rates are adjusted using thefeedback uk ( ) and fair share equation, Equation 3.15. The bottleneck buffersize is 25 cells. Congestion was created by cutting down the bandwidthof Link0 in Figure 3.18 as follows:Bandwidth of Link0 = 23,585 cells/sec,0 ≤ t < 3sec;= 18,868, cells/sec 3 ≤ t < 6sec;= 9,434 cells/sec, 6 ≤ t < 24sec; (3.34)= 18,868 cells/sec, 24 ≤ t < 27sec;= 23,585 cells/sec, 27 ≤ t.
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Wireless Ad Hocand SensorNetworksPr
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18. Chaos in Automatic Control, edi
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CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000
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Table of Contents1 Background on Ne
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3 Congestion Control in ATM Network
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5.4.2 Distributed Power Controller
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7.3 Adaptive and Distributed Fair S
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9.2.2 Overview.....................
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the number of connections in each l
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y Maheswaran Thiagarajan, and tirel
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2 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networ
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10 Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Netwo
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2BackgroundIn this chapter, we prov
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Background 51u(k)x n (k + 1)x n (k)
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Background 53with x( 0)being the in
Page 78 and 79: Background 55with tr(.) the matrix
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Page 82 and 83: Background 592.3.2 Lyapunov Stabili
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Page 86 and 87: Background 63The subsequent example
Page 88 and 89: Background 65Evaluating this along
Page 90 and 91: Background 67Now, select the feedba
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Page 94 and 95: Background 71L 1 (x)L(x, t)L 0 (x)0
Page 96 and 97: Background 73for some R > 0 such th
Page 98 and 99: Background 75Evaluating the first d
Page 100: Background 77Section 2.4Problem 2.4
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7Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wir
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Distributed Fair Scheduling in Wire
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8Optimized Energy and Delay-Based R
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Optimized Energy and Delay-Based Ro
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9Predictive Congestion Control for
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Predictive Congestion Control for W
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10Adaptive and Probabilistic Power
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Adaptive and Probabilistic Power Co
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Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

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