Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
Table of Contents1 Background on Networking...................................................... 11.1 Computer Networks.................................................................................11.1.1 Integrated Services (Intserv).......................................................41.1.2 Differentiated Services (Diffserv)...............................................51.1.3 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) ....................................61.1.4 QoS Parameters for Internet and ATM Networks ..................61.2 QoS Control................................................................................................71.2.1 Admission Control .......................................................................81.2.2 Traffic Access Control ..................................................................91.2.3 Packet Scheduling.........................................................................91.2.4 Buffer Management....................................................................101.2.5 Flow and Congestion Control ..................................................101.2.6 QoS Routing ................................................................................101.3 Overview of Wireless Networking.......................................................111.3.1 Cellular Wireless Networks ......................................................121.3.1.1 Wireless Cellular Standards and Protocols..............121.3.1.2 Cellular Network Design............................................171.3.1.3 Effects of Interference on Network Capacity ..........181.3.1.4 Cochannel Interference and Network Capacity......191.3.1.5 Capacity of Cellular CDMA Network......................201.3.1.6 Evaluation of Capacity of a CellularCDMA Network ...........................................................211.3.2 Channel Assignment ..................................................................221.3.3 Handoff Strategies......................................................................221.3.4 Near–Far Problem.......................................................................231.3.5 CDMA Power Control ...............................................................231.4 Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) ...................................................241.4.1 IEEE 802.11 Standard .................................................................251.4.2 IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer Specifications..............................251.4.3 IEEE 802.11 Versions ..................................................................261.4.4 IEEE 802.11 Network Types......................................................261.4.4.1 Ad Hoc Network..........................................................281.4.5 IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol........................................................281.4.6 Need for Power Sensitive Schemes and Protocols ...............31
1.4.7 Network Simulator.....................................................................321.4.8 Power Control Implementation in MAC 802.11Using NS ......................................................................................331.5 Wireless Sensor Networks .....................................................................351.5.1 Closest Peers................................................................................411.5.2 IEEE 1451 and Smart Sensors...................................................421.5.3 Sensors for Smart Environments .............................................421.5.4 Commercially Available Wireless Sensor Systems................431.5.5 Self-Organization and Localization .........................................451.6 Summary ..................................................................................................46References..........................................................................................................462 Background ............................................................................... 492.1 Dynamical Systems.................................................................................492.1.1 Discrete-Time Systems ...............................................................502.1.2 Brunovsky Canonical Form ......................................................502.1.3 Linear Systems ............................................................................522.2 Mathematical Background.....................................................................532.2.1 Vector and Matrix Norms .........................................................532.2.1.1 Singular Value Decomposition...................................552.2.1.2 Quadratic Forms and Definiteness............................552.2.2 Continuity and Function Norms..............................................562.3 Properties of Dynamical Systems.........................................................572.3.1 Asymptotic Stability...................................................................582.3.2 Lyapunov Stability .....................................................................592.3.3 Boundedness................................................................................592.3.4 A Note on Autonomous Systems andLinear Systems ............................................................................602.4 Nonlinear Stability Analysis and Controls Design ...........................602.4.1 Lyapunov Analysis for Autonomous Systems ......................612.4.2 Controller Design Using Lyapunov Techniques ...................652.4.3 Lyapunov Analysis and Controls Designfor Linear Systems......................................................................672.4.4 Stability Analysis ........................................................................672.4.5 Lyapunov Design of LTI Feedback Controllers.....................682.4.6 Lyapunov Analysis for Nonautonomous Systems ...............692.4.7 Extensions of Lyapunov Techniquesand Bounded Stability ...............................................................722.4.7.1 UUB Analysis and Controls Design..........................72References..........................................................................................................75Problems ............................................................................................................76
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1.4.7 Network Simulator.....................................................................321.4.8 Power Control Implementation in MAC 802.11Using NS ......................................................................................331.5 <strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Sensor</strong> <strong>Networks</strong> .....................................................................351.5.1 Closest Peers................................................................................411.5.2 IEEE 1451 <strong>and</strong> Smart <strong>Sensor</strong>s...................................................421.5.3 <strong>Sensor</strong>s for Smart Environments .............................................421.5.4 Commercially Available <strong>Wireless</strong> <strong>Sensor</strong> Systems................431.5.5 Self-Organization <strong>and</strong> Localization .........................................451.6 Summary ..................................................................................................46References..........................................................................................................462 Background ............................................................................... 492.1 Dynamical Systems.................................................................................492.1.1 Discrete-Time Systems ...............................................................502.1.2 Brunovsky Canonical Form ......................................................502.1.3 Linear Systems ............................................................................522.2 Mathematical Background.....................................................................532.2.1 Vector <strong>and</strong> Matrix Norms .........................................................532.2.1.1 Singular Value Decomposition...................................552.2.1.2 Quadratic Forms <strong>and</strong> Definiteness............................552.2.2 Continuity <strong>and</strong> Function Norms..............................................562.3 Properties of Dynamical Systems.........................................................572.3.1 Asymptotic Stability...................................................................582.3.2 Lyapunov Stability .....................................................................592.3.3 Boundedness................................................................................592.3.4 A Note on Autonomous Systems <strong>and</strong>Linear Systems ............................................................................602.4 Nonlinear Stability Analysis <strong>and</strong> Controls Design ...........................602.4.1 Lyapunov Analysis for Autonomous Systems ......................612.4.2 Controller Design Using Lyapunov Techniques ...................652.4.3 Lyapunov Analysis <strong>and</strong> Controls Designfor Linear Systems......................................................................672.4.4 Stability Analysis ........................................................................672.4.5 Lyapunov Design of LTI Feedback Controllers.....................682.4.6 Lyapunov Analysis for Nonautonomous Systems ...............692.4.7 Extensions of Lyapunov Techniques<strong>and</strong> Bounded Stability ...............................................................722.4.7.1 UUB Analysis <strong>and</strong> Controls Design..........................72References..........................................................................................................75Problems ............................................................................................................76
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