Download Complete Volume - National Translation Mission

IntroductionTranslation in/and Hindi LiteratureAbstractAvadhesh Kumar SinghThe paper is an attempt to study translational practices indifferent periods in Hindi literature in the following broadareas: (1) Indian linguistic realities and translation in the earlyperiod (from early period to 1100) (2) Translation in the Bhakti(1100-1700) and Riti (1700-1800) periods (3) Translation inthe Navajagaran Period (1800-1920) (4) Translation in theSwachchandatavad period (1920-1950) (5) Translation in theAdhunik Period (1950-1980) and (6) Translation in theAdhunikottar Period (1980 onwards). The paper focuses ontranslations into Hindi. It is argued that there are someidentifiable trends in each of these periods which help usunderstand how Hindi internalized alien traditions anddefined its mainstream literary culture.Translation in Hindi is bhashantar (‘linguistictransference’), parakayapravesh (‘transference of spirit from onebody to the next, or transmigration’), sweekaran (‘making the otheras one’s own, appropriation’), and even paltukaran (‘domesticationof the source text in the target linguistic system and culture’). Theterm is translated as anuvad in Hindi, as in so many other Indianlanguages. Literally and etymologically, anuvad stands for the‘subsequent’ or ‘following’ discourse (anu=following,vad=discourse). I prefer the term anuvad to all others, as it means‘subsequent discourse’ (target text) based on a vad (discourse,i.e.source text). It presupposes an existing discourse, i.e. vad orsource text. The vad and anuvad lead to the third stage, which weTranslation Today Vol. 3 Nos. 1 & 2, 2006 © CIIL 2006