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Process and Models of <strong>Translation</strong>: Cases fromMedieval Kannada Literature 113access not only to the legitimate users of such knowledge-base butalso prevented them from being accessed freely by others.1.3 In a recent study (Satyanath forthcoming), taking thespecific episode of Kirāta Śiva and Arjuna from the Mahābhārata,from scripto-centric (writing/manuscript tradition), phono-centric(oral tradition) and body-centric (ritual performing tradition)renderings of the episode from medieval Karnataka, it has beenpointed out that categories such as gender, caste, religion, sects andlanguage not only interconnect each other but at the same time,protect their exclusive rights over their knowledge and informationsystems. This makes telling and rendering activities, be they scriptocentric,phono-centric or body-centric, an exclusively in-groupactivity meant only for the consumption of the rightful owners ofknowledge and information systems. Thus despite different groupssharing a pluralistic epistemology, which enabled them tounderstand each other, their group-specific right over knowledge andinformation remained protected through multiple telling andrendering systems over which they retained a monopolistic control.In this paper, a further attempt has been made to understand theprocesses of such cultural transactions and to identify the modelsthrough which such tellings and renderings operate in a community.2. Ritualistic Context of Tellings and Renderings2.1 One of the issues that concern us with regard tomedieval tellings and renderings in Karnataka is the religious andritualistic context in which a majority of the Kannada texts havebeen set. A survey of Kannada literature during the period from theninth to nineteenth century C.E. and its links with other Indianliteratures clearly suggests that Kannada might have interacted withseveral literatures, not only with Sanskrit, Pali, and Prakrit but alsowith Tamil, Telugu and Marathi. As many medieval Kannada poets
114 T. S. Satyanathhave claimed to be poets with bilingual proficiency (‘ubhaya-kavis’),the movements of texts, of cultural transactions rather, are ofbidirectional nature. It is also interesting to know that thesepossibilities of translation were made possible because of themultilingual populations that Brahminical Hinduism, Buddhism,Jainism and Bhakti religions had encountered among their followersin medieval Karnataka. The multidimensionality of interaction ofKannada with different sectarian and linguistic communities can beschematically conceptualized as shown in Figure 1. Such a complexscheme of cultural transaction is crucial for understanding theprocesses of telling and rendering in medieval Karnataka.SanskritVedic Br.+JainaPaliBuddhistPrakritJainaKANNADAJaina+Virashaiva+VaishnavaTamilShaiva+VaishnavaTeluguVirashaivaMarathiShaiva+VaishnavaFigure 1: Schematic Diagram Showing Various Possibilities of <strong>Translation</strong>among Different Sectarian and Linguistic Communities.
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Editors:Udaya Narayana SinghP.P. Gi
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Contributors are requested to conta
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Central Institute of Indian Languag
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Translation TodayVOLUME 3, NOS. 1 &
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Translation in/and Hindi Literature
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looking at translation as an act to
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language, asserts his Brahmin ident
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questions about the matrix of ritua
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distraught relation with his own ab
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post-colonial phase promises to ope
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when English is used as a target or
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2 M. Asaduddinof middle eastern fab
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4 M. Asaduddinseems to work out in
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6 M. Asaduddinliteratures of the Mi
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8 M. Asaduddinthere emerged a secti
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10 M. Asaduddin…[T]he Indian worl
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12 M. AsaduddinIn the post-independ
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14 M. Asaduddinmoment of stringent
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16 M. Asaduddinexample of self-tran
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18 M. AsaduddinBhalla, Alok (ed) 19
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Translating Medieval Orissa 1Abstra
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22 Translating Medieval OrissaWith
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24 Translating Medieval Orissamuseu
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26 Translating Medieval Orissaprocl
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28 Translating Medieval Orissatexts
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30 Translating Medieval OrissaBecau
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32 Translating Medieval OrissaKalid
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34 Translating Medieval OrissaGita
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36 Translating Medieval Orissaliter
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38 Translating Medieval OrissaAmong
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40 Translating Medieval Orissaan in
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44 Translating Medieval OrissaRamay
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50 Translating Medieval OrissaThe a
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52 Translating Medieval Orissaident
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54 Translating Medieval Orissarelat
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56 Translating Medieval OrissaSansk
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58 Translating Medieval Orissaexamp
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60 Translating Medieval OrissaNOTES
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Page 105 and 106: Translation Practices in Pre-coloni
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164 Texts on Translation and Transl
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Towards a Theory of Rewriting: Draw
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Chandrani Chatterjee184 Milind Mals
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IntroductionTranslation in/and Hind
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208 Translation in/and Hindi Litera
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Translating Gujarati Fiction and Po
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Translating Gujrati Fiction and Poe
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Translation of Bhakti Poetry into E
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250 Sachin Ketkarshift’ precisely
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252 Sachin Ketkartranslator to over
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254 Sachin Ketkarfor a contemporary
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256 Sachin KetkarHe is resolute in
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258 Sachin Ketkarfield in an unprec
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260 Sachin Ketkarmarried girl in lo
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262 Sachin Ketkartwo cultures espec
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264 Sachin Ketkarproducing useless
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266 Sachin Ketkarare one. Krishna i
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268 Sachin KetkarDerrida, Jacques 1
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Translating Romantic Sensibility: N
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272 Rakesh Desaisubject, meant only
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274 Rakesh DesaiNarsinhrao Divetiya
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276 Rakesh Desaicontemporary realit
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278 Rakesh Desaiis about the same t
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280 Rakesh DesaiIn this context, Na
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Book reviewsLocating the ‘missing
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284 Book Reviewsnature of capital i
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286 Book ReviewsTheories on the Mov
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288 Book Reviewshas to do with the
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290 Book ReviewsFor, that is where
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292 Translation ReviewFirstly, Riml
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294 Translation Reviewmention it. S
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CONTRIBUTORSAsaduddin M. is Profess
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298 ContributorsEnglish. He has pub
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TRANSLATION TODAYORDERF O R MPlease
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